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The Security of Accounting Information – a Perception-Based Analysis of the Practitioners from Romania 会计信息的安全性——基于感知的罗马尼亚从业人员分析
Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/154/012
S. Rîndașu
The associated risks of the technologies currently used in the accounting field, relating to the difficulty of maintain the security of data, are still significant due to the complexity of the systems used which, in addition to the benefits they bring in accounting processes, generate a number of challenges in maintaining the fundamental characteristics of data. To address the current lack of well-trained practitioners for them to be able to reduce these risks, the international professional bodies support the need of developing a sufficient set of skills for accountants, by raising the awareness level of the impact that security incidents may have. At the same time, there is a gap between the skills that students acquire and the requirements of the business environment, an aspect that favors the increase and the impact of cyber-attacks. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perception of data security of the practitioners in the field of accounting and auditing and the extent to which they believe that the information they receive is sufficient while examining the different types of actions of the professionals that may affect the security of accounting information. The results of the research show that the professionals are aware of the good practices of maintaining the fundamental characteristics of the data and understand the impact of incorrect information management, but a significant part of the study participants believes that does not receive enough information on data security from companies and professional organizations.
会计领域目前使用的技术与维护数据安全的困难有关的相关风险仍然很大,因为所使用的系统很复杂,除了给会计过程带来好处外,在维护数据的基本特征方面也产生了一些挑战。为了解决目前缺乏训练有素的从业人员来降低这些风险的问题,国际专业机构支持需要为会计师培养足够的技能,提高对安全事件可能产生的影响的认识。与此同时,学生所掌握的技能与商业环境的要求之间存在差距,这一方面有利于网络攻击的增加和影响。本文的目的是调查会计和审计领域从业人员对数据安全的看法,以及他们在多大程度上认为他们收到的信息是充分的,同时考察专业人员可能影响会计信息安全的不同类型的行为。研究结果表明,专业人员意识到维护数据基本特征的良好做法,并理解错误信息管理的影响,但很大一部分研究参与者认为,他们没有从公司和专业组织获得足够的数据安全信息。
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引用次数: 2
The Use of Audit Opinion in Estimating the Financial Reporting Transparency Level 审计意见在估计财务报告透明度水平中的应用
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/153/001
I. Robu, Costel Istrate, I. Herghiligiu
Information presented to stakeholders through a system of standardized indicators and transparency in financial reporting are the basis in the decision-making process for a sustainable development of the companies. The purpose of this study is to analyze and assess the transparency in financial reporting, assessed based on the audit opinion, and the influence of determinant factors on transparency, using logistic regression. The determinant factors are expressed by principal dimensions of financial statements identified through the Principal Component Analysis applied on the indicators of position and performance. The observed sample consists of 62 companies listed on Bucharest Stock Exchange during the period 2011-2016. The main results reveal the existence of three principal components of the financial statements, Cash flow component, Return component and Current assets structure component; among these dimensions, only the return component has significant influence on transparency in financial reporting assess through the audit opinion.
通过标准化指标和财务报告透明度系统向利益相关者提供的信息是公司可持续发展决策过程的基础。本研究的目的是分析和评估财务报告的透明度,评估基于审计意见,以及决定因素对透明度的影响,采用logistic回归。决定因素是通过主成分分析应用于位置和业绩指标确定的财务报表的主要维度来表达的。观察样本包括2011-2016年期间在布加勒斯特证券交易所上市的62家公司。研究结果表明,财务报表中存在现金流量成分、收益成分和流动资产结构成分三个主成分;在这些维度中,只有收益部分对审计意见评价的财务报告透明度有显著影响。
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引用次数: 1
Audit Quality and Several of Its Determinants 审计质量及其几个决定因素
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/153/002
Ionela-Corina Chersan, A. Cuza
The objective of this article is to identify the relationship between the quality of services provided by the financial auditors and its determinants, among which the initial and continuing training of auditors occupies an important place as long as their authorization depends on achieving an adequate level of education and professional training. It has been taken into account the fact that the purpose of public interest entities has become global, and the ethical and professional challenges to which auditors are exposed are becoming more and more difficult to manage. To this end, it has set out from the initial and continuous education and training requirements recommended by the International Education Standards Board and there have been corroborated the obtained information with the results of other studies addressing the current challenges faced by the financial auditors (more and more regulations, changes in the financial and non-financial reporting, technology development and increase of business complexity), while trying to answer the question regarding the effect of these challenges on the audit quality. The analysis was a qualitative one that pursued the researchers' concerns about the audit quality in order to identify the best ways to improve it. The article has a direct practical use both for the financial auditor organizations and the statutory audit oversight authorities to guide the continuing professional training, as well as for the financial auditors and audit firms which can better manage their work in order to increase the quality of the services they offer.
本文的目的是确定财务审计师所提供的服务质量与其决定因素之间的关系,其中,只要审计师的授权取决于达到足够的教育和专业培训水平,审计师的初始和持续培训就占有重要地位。它已经考虑到这样一个事实,即公共利益实体的目的已经成为全球性的,审计师所面临的道德和专业挑战正变得越来越难以管理。为此,它从国际教育标准委员会建议的初始和继续教育和培训要求出发,并与其他研究结果证实了所获得的信息,以解决财务审计师当前面临的挑战(越来越多的法规,财务和非财务报告的变化,技术发展和业务复杂性的增加)。同时试图回答有关这些挑战对审计质量的影响的问题。该分析是一种定性分析,旨在探讨研究人员对审计质量的关注,以确定改善审计质量的最佳途径。本文对财务审计机构和法定审计监督机构指导持续的专业培训,以及财务审计人员和审计事务所更好地管理其工作,以提高其提供的服务质量具有直接的实际意义。
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引用次数: 7
Hedge Accounting: An Auditor’s Perspective 对冲会计:审计师的视角
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/153/003
J. P. Singh
Radical changes have been introduced in the hedge accounting framework by the new IFRS accounting standards. In particular, the hedge effectiveness regime has been completely overhauled and replaced by a strong principles-based charter. The relevance of qualitative assessment procedures has, accordingly, increased making the audit of such assignments immensely challenging. Pronouncements from regulatory bodies providing professional guidance on audit issues of hedge accounting and effectiveness testing have failed to keep pace with this rapid transition, enhancing the complexity of such audit exercises. In the present article, after providing a brief analysis of the contemporary hedge accounting and effectiveness testing provisions, we dwell upon the salient issues connected with the auditor’s predicament and highlight the way forward in the changed environment.
新的国际财务报告准则在套期会计框架中引入了根本性的变化。特别是,对冲有效性制度已被彻底改革,取而代之的是一份强有力的基于原则的章程。因此,质量评价程序的相关性增加了对这类任务的审计工作的极大挑战。为套期会计和有效性测试的审计问题提供专业指导的监管机构的公告未能跟上这种快速转变的步伐,从而增加了此类审计工作的复杂性。在本文中,在简要分析了当代套期会计和有效性测试规定之后,我们将详细讨论与审计师困境相关的突出问题,并强调在变化的环境中前进的方向。
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引用次数: 1
Mission, Vision, and Values of Organizations, the Catalysts of Corporate Social Responsibility 组织的使命、愿景和价值观是企业社会责任的催化剂
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/153/007
M. Dumitrascu, L. Feleagă
The present research explores the strategic orientation of listed companies, with a focus on their mission, vision, and values, that defines the aspirations and the goals that govern that organization. The data were collected from the official websites. Based on the literature review there were identified the main missions, values, and visions, that were grouped, after analyzing all the financial and non-financial reports, within categories, such as emphatic values/people oriented, cultural values, workplace values. Because one of the most important stakeholder within any organization is represented by the employee, the authors also grouped them within identity reflected (relational, organization, workplace, competence/professional). Results are mixed and show that only 62% of companies disclose information regarding their vision, 85% of them disclose information regarding their mission, while 54% of companies disclose their values. The main objective of the classification is to establish a framework for a future template of corporate social responsibility. The relevance of the research is given by the topicality of the research. The originality of the research derived from the modality of approaching the theme, from the objective of the research and also from the fact that there is an increasing interest in society, in general, for promoting accountability, respect for human rights, environment, health and security. The objective of the present research is to highlight the important role of vision, mission and values of a company. These represents the pillars for a successful organization and may be disclosed in separated statements or may be integrated in a single statement. Their purpose is to communicate to both internal and external stakeholders the main goal of the organization
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引用次数: 5
Adoption of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRSs) and their Impact on Loan Terms: Kosovo Case 采用国际财务报告准则及其对贷款条件的影响:科索沃案例
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/153/005
Edona Perjuci, Hysen Ismajli, Ardiana Bunjaku
As part of the major international developments on financial reporting and auditing, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS), which are now applied in many countries around the world, are creating an international harmonization and a common language for financial reporting and accounting between firms that apply and report in accordance to these standards. This paper empirically tests whether adoption of IFRS in developing and transitional Kosovo, has impact on bank`s loan terms and conditions for companies that are mandatory adopters of IFRSs. To test the hypothesis, the authors analyzed the opinions of the banking sector and of companies that are mandatory adopters of IFRSs in Kosovo. The research results suggest that the adoption of IFRSs in Kosovo has impact on interest rates offered by banks to mandatory adopters, as well as on non-financial loan terms such as: loan time limits, mortgage requirements, lower administrative costs and renegotiating loan terms. Mandatory IFRS adopters have a better loan rating compared to other companies in Kosovo and the percentage of non-performing loans is lower for mandatory IFRS adopters in Kosovo. Based on this research, the aim is to demonstrate to policy makers and other stakeholders that only the mere implementation of high quality financial reporting standards, such as IFRSs, is not sufficient to improve the quality of accounting and financial reporting in Kosovo, especially since there are no institutional mechanisms to empower the implementation of IFRSs. For companies in Kosovo receiving better loan terms from banks can be an incentive to improve their financial reporting systems, but the focus is also on other benefits that should be considered as well.
作为财务报告和审计方面重大国际发展的一部分,目前在世界许多国家实施的《国际财务报告准则》正在为根据这些准则实施和报告的公司之间的财务报告和会计工作创造一种国际协调和共同语言。本文实证检验了在发展中和过渡时期的科索沃采用国际财务报告准则是否会对强制采用国际财务报表准则的公司的银行贷款条款和条件产生影响。为了验证这一假设,作者分析了银行部门和科索沃强制采用国际财务报告准则的公司的意见。研究结果表明,科索沃采用国际财务报告准则对银行向强制采用者提供的利率以及非金融贷款条款产生了影响,如:贷款时限、抵押贷款要求、降低行政成本和重新谈判贷款条款。与科索沃其他公司相比,强制采用《国际财务报告准则》的公司的贷款评级更好,科索沃强制采用《财务报告准则”的公司的不良贷款百分比更低。根据这项研究,目的是向决策者和其他利益攸关方表明,仅仅实施《国际财务报告准则》等高质量财务报告标准不足以提高科索沃的会计和财务报告质量,特别是因为没有授权实施《国际电联报告准则》的体制机制。对于科索沃的公司来说,从银行获得更好的贷款条件可以激励他们改进财务报告系统,但重点也放在应该考虑的其他好处上。
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引用次数: 1
Prudence vs. Credibility. A Formal Comparative Analysis between Romanian Accounting Regulations and IFRS 审慎vs.信誉。罗马尼亚会计法规与国际财务报告准则的比较分析
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/153/004
Claudia Cătălina Ciocan
Starting from the controversial influence that prudence may have on the credibility of accounting information and from the fact that there are different views of the global accounting systems on this concept, the present research aims to analyze the level of formal convergence between the Romanian accounting regulations and the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on the application of prudence. In this regard, the requirements for provisions, property, plant and equipment, inventories and receivables were considered, with a focus on asset depreciation and impairment losses, elements that were considered in this case as being representative for prudence in accounting. Using the Jaccard coefficients, the paper compares the requirements of the Romanian accounting regulations, represented by OMFP no. 1802/2014 with the ones presented in IAS 16 „Property, plant and equipment”, IAS 36 „Impairment of Assets”, IAS 38 „Intangible Assets”, IAS 37 „Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets”, IAS 32 „Financial Instruments: presentation” and IFRS 9 „Financial Instruments”. The results show that the highest degree of convergence is identified for the provisions, and the lowest for financial assets. Also, the requirements on depreciation and impairment losses presented in OMFP no. 1802/2014 differ significantly from those presented in IFRSs.
从审慎可能对会计信息可信度产生的有争议的影响出发,并从全球会计系统对这一概念存在不同观点的事实出发,本研究旨在分析罗马尼亚会计法规与国际财务报告准则(IFRS)在审慎应用方面的正式趋同程度。在这方面,审议了经费、财产、厂房和设备、存货和应收款所需经费,重点是资产折旧和减值损失,在这种情况下,这些因素被认为是会计审慎的代表。利用雅卡德系数,本文比较了罗马尼亚会计法规的要求,以OMFP第1。根据IAS 16“财产、厂房和设备”、IAS 36“资产减值”、IAS 38“无形资产”、IAS 37“拨备、或有负债和或有资产”、IAS 32“金融工具:列报”和IFRS 9“金融工具”列报。结果表明,准备金的趋同程度最高,金融资产的趋同程度最低。此外,OMFP第6号所列折旧和减值损失所需经费。1802/2014与国际财务报告准则中列报的差异显著。
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引用次数: 2
Theoretical Approach between the Soft and Hard Law in the Context of Corporate Governance 公司治理背景下软硬法的理论探讨
Pub Date : 2019-02-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2019/153/006
Nicolae Măgdaș, M. Fulop
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引用次数: 1
Public internal audit – the awareness and necessity assumption. An investigation of the Romanian reality 公共内部审计——意识和必要性假设。罗马尼亚现实调查
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2018/152/023
Victoria Stanciu
Public internal audit is asked to provide assurance that the public money is well managed and the existing resources are directed, efficiently and in line with the law, towards the real problems and in respect with the public interest. The research objective was to provide an insight in the status of Romanian public internal audit by identifying its strong points and weaknesses and suggesting a set of measures aiming at improve the public internal audit and willing to help in the implementation of a strong public internal audit function. The author‟s investigation has scientific and practical implications aiming at attenuate the gap in the previous research, enriching the literature on the topic and suggesting ways of improvement of the public internal audit function in Romania.
要求进行公共内部审计,以确保公共资金得到妥善管理,现有资源得到有效和符合法律的使用,以解决实际问题并符合公众利益。研究目的是通过确定罗马尼亚公共内部审计的优点和缺点,并提出一套旨在改进公共内部审计并愿意帮助实施强有力的公共内部审计职能的措施,深入了解罗马尼亚公共内部审查的现状。作者的调查具有科学和实际意义,旨在缩小先前研究中的差距,丰富有关该主题的文献,并提出改进罗马尼亚公共内部审计职能的方法。
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引用次数: 1
Auditor Selection in Borsa Istanbul 伊斯坦布尔Borsa的审计师选择
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.20869/auditf/2018/152/027
A. Mustafa, Luqman Saeed, N. H. Mohammed
The objective of this study is to examine the effect of firms' characteristics and audit quality in Turkey. This study provides additional insights for audit quality literature by examining how firms characteristic effect on clients’ incentives and abilities to demand high audit quality in Turkey. Turkey is one of the less developed and most under-researched capital markets in the world. This study used the data of 146 firms listed on Borsa Istanbul (BIST) over the period from 2011 to 2015. Using logistic regression, the findings explained that clients’ incentives and abilities to demand high audit quality weaken because of control-ownership wedge, which an unfavourable outcome for minority shareholders. Thus, this study proposes that regulators, particularly the Capital Market Board of Turkey (CMBT), should increase law enforcement to enhance good corporate governance in Turkey to accommodate the unique features of wedge firms and provide a protected environment for minority shareholders.
本研究的目的是检查会计师事务所的特点和审计质量在土耳其的影响。本研究为审计质量文献提供了额外的见解,通过检查事务所的特征如何影响客户的动机和能力,要求在土耳其高审计质量。土耳其是世界上最不发达、研究最不足的资本市场之一。本研究使用了2011年至2015年在伊斯坦布尔证券交易所(BIST)上市的146家公司的数据。使用逻辑回归,研究结果解释了客户要求高审计质量的动机和能力减弱,因为控制-所有权楔子,这对小股东不利的结果。因此,本研究建议监管机构,特别是土耳其资本市场委员会(CMBT)应加强执法,以加强土耳其的良好公司治理,以适应楔形公司的独特特点,并为小股东提供受保护的环境。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Audit Financiar
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