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On Developer Relations Team's Reasons for Using Repositories 开发人员关系团队使用存储库的原因
A. Fontão, B. Cafeo, B. Bonifácio, R. Santos, A. C. Dias-Neto
Organizations such as Amazon, Apple and Google have been investing in Developer Relations (DevRel) team to engage a critical mass of third-party developers in producing and evolving contributions to a common technological platform. It fosters the establishment of a Software Ecosystem (SECO). However, it is still unknown how the DevRel team should act on monitoring a SECO aiming to establish a robust ecosystem. One tangible possibility is to mine repositories to enhance DevRel strategies. In this paper, we report on an investigation of the reasons that lead 31 DevRel practitioners to use software repositories during their activities. The results point out a common perspective for DevRel practitioners and researchers in developing strategies and research roadmaps.
像Amazon, Apple和Google这样的组织已经在开发者关系(DevRel)团队中进行投资,以吸引大量的第三方开发者为共同的技术平台做出贡献。它促进了软件生态系统(SECO)的建立。然而,目前尚不清楚DevRel团队应该如何监控SECO,以建立一个强大的生态系统。一种切实可行的可能性是挖掘存储库来增强DevRel策略。在本文中,我们报告了导致31名DevRel从业者在他们的活动中使用软件存储库的原因的调查。研究结果为DevRel从业者和研究人员在制定战略和研究路线图方面指出了一个共同的观点。
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引用次数: 2
Beyond Technical Skills in Software Testing: Automated versus Manual Testing 超越软件测试的技术技能:自动测试与手动测试
Mary-Luz Sánchez-Gordón, Laxmi Rijal, Ricardo Colomo Palacios
Software testing is not a purely technical, but rather socio-technical activity. Although there are a few studies on this topic, to the best of our knowledge there is a lack of research focusing specifically on skills, in particular soft skills needed for automated and manual testing. In both cases, software testing is a challenging task that requires considerable effort by practitioners. The aim of this study is to identify what are the most valued skills with regards to these different types of testing. To do so, a survey was applied among software practitioners and 72 responses were received. The questionnaire covers 35 skills grouped in technical (hard) and non-technical (soft) skills. The results of this exploratory study provide empirical evidence that reveals the importance that software practitioners give to hard and soft skills alike.
软件测试不是纯粹的技术活动,而是社会技术活动。尽管有一些关于这个主题的研究,但据我们所知,缺乏专门关注技能的研究,特别是自动化和手动测试所需的软技能。在这两种情况下,软件测试都是一项具有挑战性的任务,需要从业者付出相当大的努力。这项研究的目的是确定在这些不同类型的测试中最重要的技能是什么。为此,我们在软件从业人员中进行了一项调查,并收到了72份答复。问卷涵盖35项技能,分为技术(硬)和非技术(软)技能。这个探索性研究的结果提供了经验证据,揭示了软件从业者对硬技能和软技能的重要性。
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引用次数: 17
Selective Symbolic Type-Guided Checkpointing and Restoration for Autonomous Vehicle Repair 自主车辆维修的选择性符号类型引导检查点和恢复
Yu Huang, K. Angstadt, Kevin Leach, Westley Weimer
Fault tolerant design can help autonomous vehicle systems address defects, environmental changes and security attacks. Checkpoint and restoration fault tolerance techniques save a copy of an application's state before a problem occurs and restore that state afterwards. However, traditional Checkpoint/Restore techniques still admit high overhead, may carry along tainted data, and rarely operate in tandem with human-written or automated repairs that modify source code or alter data layout. Thus, it can be difficult to apply traditional Checkpoint/Restore techniques to solve the issues of non-environmental defects, security attacks or software bugs. To address such challenges, in this paper, we propose and evaluate a selective checkpoint and restore (SCR) technique that records only critical system state based on types and minimal symbolic annotations to deploy repaired programs. We found that using source-level symbolic information allows an application to be resumed even after its code is modified in our evaluation. We evaluate our approach using a commodity autonomous vehicle system and demonstrate that it admits manual and automated software repairs, does not carry tainted data, and has low overhead.
容错设计可以帮助自动驾驶汽车系统应对缺陷、环境变化和安全攻击。检查点和恢复容错技术在问题发生前保存应用程序状态的副本,并在问题发生后恢复该状态。然而,传统的检查点/恢复技术仍然有很高的开销,可能会携带受污染的数据,并且很少与修改源代码或改变数据布局的人工编写或自动修复一起操作。因此,很难应用传统的检查点/恢复技术来解决非环境缺陷、安全攻击或软件错误的问题。为了解决这些挑战,在本文中,我们提出并评估了一种选择性检查点和恢复(SCR)技术,该技术仅记录基于类型和最小符号注释的关键系统状态,以部署修复的程序。我们发现,使用源代码级的符号信息,即使在我们的评估中修改了应用程序的代码之后,也可以恢复应用程序。我们使用商品自动驾驶汽车系统评估了我们的方法,并证明它允许手动和自动软件维修,不携带受污染的数据,并且开销低。
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引用次数: 1
What Malaysian Software Students Think about Testing? 马来西亚软件专业学生对测试的看法?
Luiz Fernando Capretz, S. Basri, Maythem Adili, Aamir Amin
Software testing is one of the crucial supporting processes of software life cycle. Unfortunately for the software industry, the role is stigmatized, partly due to misperception and partly due to treatment of the role in the software industry. The present study aims to analyse this situation to explore what inhibit an individual from taking up a software testing career. In order to investigate this issue, we surveyed 82 senior students taking a degree in information technology, information and communication technology, and computer science at two Malaysian universities. The subjects were asked the PROs and CONs of taking up a career in software testing and what were the chances that they would do so. The study identified 7 main PROs and 9 main CONSs for starting a testing career, and indicated that the role of software tester has been perceived as a social role, with more soft skills connotations than technical implications. The results also show that Malaysian students have a more positive attitude towards software testing than their counterparts where similar investigations have been carried out.
软件测试是软件生命周期的重要支撑过程之一。不幸的是,对于软件行业来说,这个角色被污名化了,部分原因是误解,部分原因是软件行业对这个角色的对待。本研究旨在分析这种情况,以探索是什么阻碍了个人从事软件测试职业。为了调查这个问题,我们调查了82名在马来西亚两所大学攻读信息技术、信息与通信技术和计算机科学学位的高年级学生。研究对象被问及从事软件测试工作的利弊,以及他们这样做的可能性有多大。该研究确定了开始测试职业生涯的7个主要优点和9个主要缺点,并指出软件测试人员的角色已经被视为一个社会角色,具有更多的软技能内涵而不是技术含义。调查结果还显示,马来西亚学生对软件测试的态度比其他国家的学生更积极。
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引用次数: 3
Data Sovereignty Governance Framework 数据主权治理框架
Kapil Singi, S. Choudhury, Vikrant S. Kaulgud, R. Bose, Sanjay Podder, Adam P. Burden
Data has emerged as a central commodity in most modern applications. Unregulated and rampant collection of user and usage data by applications led to concerns on privacy, trust, and ethics. This has resulted in several governments and organizations across geographies to frame laws on data (e.g., the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)) that govern and define boundaries for the storage, processing and transitioning of data; and thereby safeguard the interests of its citizens. Data Sovereignty and Data Localization are two important aspects, which deal with the adherence to the laws and governance structures, that define where and how data is collected and processed. The applicability of different laws depends upon several attributes such as the nature, type, and purpose of data. Non-compliance to laws/regulations can lead to serious repercussions for enterprises, ranging from hefty penalties to loss of brand value. Ensuring that all of their applications are complaint to various laws and regulations is non-trivial. Enterprises have to deal with a plethora of laws (that are constantly evolving) and are often confused even in correctly identifying all the applicable laws for their context leave alone ensuring compliance to regulations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a knowledge graph based data sovereignty governance framework that assists in classifying data and in identifying the relevant applicable laws.
在大多数现代应用程序中,数据已成为核心商品。应用程序对用户和使用数据的不规范和猖獗收集导致了对隐私、信任和道德的担忧。这导致多个地区的政府和组织制定了有关数据的法律(例如,欧盟的《通用数据保护条例》(GDPR)),这些法律管理和定义了数据存储、处理和转换的边界;从而维护其公民的利益。数据主权和数据本地化是两个重要方面,它们处理对法律和治理结构的遵守,这些法律和治理结构定义了在何处以及如何收集和处理数据。不同法则的适用性取决于若干属性,如数据的性质、类型和目的。不遵守法律法规可能会给企业带来严重的后果,从巨额罚款到品牌价值的损失。确保它们的所有应用程序都符合各种法律法规是非常重要的。企业必须处理大量的法律(这些法律是不断发展的),甚至在正确识别其上下文的所有适用法律时也经常感到困惑,更不用说确保遵守法规了。因此,在本文中,我们提出了一个基于知识图谱的数据主权治理框架,该框架有助于对数据进行分类并确定相关的适用法律。
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引用次数: 6
An overview of blockchain-based systems and smart contracts for digital coupons 基于区块链的系统和数字优惠券智能合约概述
Alessandro Sebastian Podda, Livio Pompianu
Among the accessory applications of the blockchain, the idea of using it as an immutable register for tracking and certifying documents is recently gaining interest in research and industry. The problems of traceability, non-counterfeiting and unique usage of digital coupons fall within this area; many couponing platforms are hence exploring the possibility of addressing the above limitations with blockchain technologies. In view of the foregoing, in this work we analyse and compare several blockchain-based couponing systems. To do so, we first propose a general schema of digital coupon and define the desirable properties of a couponing system. Then, we select a sample of these systems and we examine them, describing their design choices and summarizing their relevant properties. Finally, we inspect their code and study how the notion of couponing system is interpreted in their smart contracts. We also highlight their distinctive features and relevant implementation solutions. We conclude by discussing what emerged from our analysis and proposing some possible future investigations.
在区块链的附属应用中,将其用作跟踪和认证文件的不可变登记册的想法最近引起了研究和行业的兴趣。数字代金券的可追溯性、不假冒、独特使用等问题都属于这一范畴;因此,许多优惠券平台正在探索利用区块链技术解决上述限制的可能性。鉴于上述情况,在这项工作中,我们分析和比较了几种基于区块链的优惠券系统。为此,我们首先提出了数字优惠券的一般模式,并定义了优惠券系统的理想性质。然后,我们选择了这些系统的一个样本,并对它们进行了研究,描述了它们的设计选择并总结了它们的相关属性。最后,我们检查了他们的代码,并研究了优惠券系统的概念在他们的智能合约中是如何解释的。我们还重点介绍了它们的特点和相关的实施方案。最后,我们讨论了从我们的分析中得出的结论,并提出了一些可能的未来调查。
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引用次数: 12
Software Development at the German Aerospace Center: Role and Status in Practice 德国航空航天中心的软件开发:实践中的角色和地位
L. Kurnatowski, T. Schlauch, Carina Haupt
Software is an important innovation factor and an integral part of modern research. However, researchers are often faced with challenges in developing software because they do not have the necessary education and skills. The German Aerospace Center (DLR) established its software engineering initiative in 2005 to enable researchers to better meet these challenges. Continuous adaption and improvement of the supportive measures of the initiative require a good understanding of the current role and practice of software development at DLR. Therefore, we conducted a DLR-wide survey on research software development at DLR at the end of 2018. In this paper, we present the results of this survey and identify possible improvements of the software engineering initiative activities. 773 DLR employees completed our survey and provided information about their academic background, programming experience, and software development practices. The results show that software development is a very relevant topic among the researchers at DLR but also a lack of applying software development best practices. Based on these results we conclude to further enhance the practical focus of our support activities as well as to raise the awareness for these practices to bring them into the daily work of DLR researchers.
软件是重要的创新因素,是现代研究的重要组成部分。然而,研究人员在开发软件时经常面临挑战,因为他们没有必要的教育和技能。德国航空航天中心(DLR)在2005年建立了它的软件工程计划,使研究人员能够更好地应对这些挑战。持续适应和改进主动性的支持性措施需要对DLR软件开发的当前角色和实践有很好的理解。因此,我们在2018年底对DLR的研究软件开发进行了一次全DLR范围的调查。在本文中,我们展示了这项调查的结果,并确定了软件工程主动性活动的可能改进。773名DLR员工完成了我们的调查,并提供了关于他们的学术背景、编程经验和软件开发实践的信息。结果表明,软件开发是DLR研究人员非常关注的话题,但也缺乏应用软件开发最佳实践。基于这些结果,我们得出结论,进一步加强我们支持活动的实践重点,并提高对这些实践的认识,将其纳入DLR研究人员的日常工作中。
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引用次数: 1
A Preliminary Systematic Mapping on Software Engineering for Robotic Systems: A Software Quality Perspective 机器人系统软件工程的初步系统映射:软件质量视角
M. G. D. Santos, B. Napoleão, Fábio Petrillo, Darine Ameyed, Fehmi Jaafar
Robotic systems have been increasingly employed in everyday tasks. Considering that software plays a crucial point in robot systems, to investigate how software engineering concepts in a software quality perspective can improve robotic systems. In this work, we present a systematic mapping to identify and classify the state-of-art of software engineering for robotic systems in a quality software perspective. We selected and systematically analyzed a final set of 35 primary studies extracted from an automated search on Scopus digital library. This work presents three main contributions. Firstly, we organize a catalogue of research studies about software engineering, more specifically software quality applied in robotic systems. Next, we systematically analyze software quality areas used in robotic systems. Finally, we discuss insights into research opportunities and gaps in software engineering to robotic systems for future studies. As a result, we observed that there are studies in the robotic systems area, addressing in a combined way, software engineering approaches and software quality aspects. The less investigated software quality aspect is security. Due to this fact, we presented an overview of the state-of-art on blockchain applying in robotics systems. Blockchain brings opportunities for changing the ways that robots interact with humans. Finally, we identify research opportunities and gaps in software quality on robotic systems, presenting an overview for future studies.
机器人系统越来越多地应用于日常工作中。考虑到软件在机器人系统中起着至关重要的作用,从软件质量的角度研究软件工程概念如何改进机器人系统。在这项工作中,我们提出了一个系统的映射,从质量软件的角度来识别和分类机器人系统的软件工程的最新技术。我们选择并系统地分析了从Scopus数字图书馆自动搜索中提取的35项主要研究。这项工作有三个主要贡献。首先,我们组织了一个关于软件工程的研究目录,更具体地说,是机器人系统中应用的软件质量。接下来,我们系统地分析机器人系统中使用的软件质量领域。最后,我们讨论了软件工程对机器人系统未来研究的研究机会和差距。因此,我们观察到在机器人系统领域有一些研究,以结合的方式解决软件工程方法和软件质量方面的问题。较少研究的软件质量方面是安全性。鉴于此,我们概述了区块链在机器人系统中的应用现状。区块链为改变机器人与人类互动的方式带来了机会。最后,我们确定了机器人系统软件质量方面的研究机会和差距,并对未来的研究进行了概述。
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引用次数: 2
Towards A Dependency-Driven Taxonomy of Software Types 迈向依赖驱动的软件类型分类法
A. Capiluppi, N. Ajienka
Context: The evidence on software health and ecosystems could be improved if there was a systematic way to identify the types of software for which empirical evidence applies. Results and guidelines on software health are unlikely to be globally applicable: the context and the domain where the evidence has been tested are more likely to influence the results on software maintenance and health. Objective: The objectives of this paper are (i) to discuss the implications of adopting a specific taxonomy of software types, and (ii) to define, where possible, dependencies or similarities between parts of the taxonomy. Method: We discuss bottom-up and top-down taxonomies, and we show how different taxonomies fare against each other. We also propose two case studies, based on software projects divided in categories and sub-categories. Results: We show that one taxonomy does not consistently represent another taxonomy's categories. We also show that it is possible to establish directional dependencies (e.g., 'larger than') between attributes of different categories, and sub-categories. Conclusion: This paper establishes the need of directional-driven dependencies between categories of software types, that have an immediate effect on their maintenance and their relative software health.
背景:如果有一种系统的方法来识别经验证据适用的软件类型,那么关于软件健康和生态系统的证据就可以得到改进。关于软件运行状况的结果和指导方针不太可能适用于全球:对证据进行测试的背景和领域更有可能影响软件维护和运行状况的结果。目的:本文的目的是(i)讨论采用特定软件类型分类法的含义,以及(ii)在可能的情况下定义分类法各部分之间的依赖性或相似性。方法:我们讨论自底向上和自顶向下的分类法,并展示不同的分类法如何相互比较。我们还提出了两个案例研究,它们基于按类别和子类别划分的软件项目。结果:我们表明一个分类法不一致地表示另一个分类法的类别。我们还展示了在不同类别和子类别的属性之间建立方向依赖关系(例如,“大于”)是可能的。结论:本文建立了软件类型类别之间的方向驱动依赖关系的需求,这对它们的维护和相关软件的健康有直接的影响。
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引用次数: 2
Predictable, Flexible or Correct: Trading off Refactoring Design Choices 可预测、灵活或正确:权衡重构设计选择
A. M. Eilertsen
Refactoring tools automate tedious and error-prone source code changes. Such tools can improve the speed and accuracy of software development, yet developers frequently eschew automation in favor of manual refactoring. Developers report distrust and lack of predictability as reasons for not using automated tools, but there are no comprehensive explanations of trust and predictability nor guidelines for how to improve these aspects of tools. In this position paper we explore choices and tradeoffs in refactoring tool design.
重构工具会自动执行繁琐且容易出错的源代码更改。这样的工具可以提高软件开发的速度和准确性,但是开发人员经常避免自动化,而倾向于手动重构。开发人员报告说不信任和缺乏可预测性是不使用自动化工具的原因,但是没有关于信任和可预测性的全面解释,也没有关于如何改进工具这些方面的指导方针。在本文中,我们将探讨重构工具设计中的选择和权衡。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 42nd International Conference on Software Engineering Workshops
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