Nowadays, Community-Based Organisation (CBO) has been admitted as a more successful activity to empower the community than other organisations, such as Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO). This article aims to emphasise how activism of the Forum of Indonesian Migrant Workers or the Forum Warga Buruh Migran (FWBM), as a CBO initiated by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) at the grassroots level, works to empower ex-Indonesian migrant workers and their families in their areas of origin. This article used the qualitative methodology of the CBO framework and the perspective of community empowerment with a case study in Cilacap Regency, Central Java. Primary data was collected by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data was collected by literature review. The data was processed using content analysis techniques. This research found that the activism of FWBM has been manifested in four holistic community empowerment programmes. Through these programmes, ex Indonesian Migrant Workers and their families can improve their quality of life. They can be more empowered, economically independent, and wealthier. However, the FWBM still has limitations in terms of volunteers and financial resources to support sustainable activities.
{"title":"Pemberdayaan komunitas purna Pekerja Migran Indonesia melalui organisasi berbasis komunitas Forum Warga Buruh Migran","authors":"Rahmat Saleh, Ricardi S. Adnan, Aswatini Raharto","doi":"10.14203/jki.v17i2.754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.754","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, Community-Based Organisation (CBO) has been admitted as a more successful activity to empower the community than other organisations, such as Non-Governmental Organisation (NGO). This article aims to emphasise how activism of the Forum of Indonesian Migrant Workers or the Forum Warga Buruh Migran (FWBM), as a CBO initiated by Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) at the grassroots level, works to empower ex-Indonesian migrant workers and their families in their areas of origin. This article used the qualitative methodology of the CBO framework and the perspective of community empowerment with a case study in Cilacap Regency, Central Java. Primary data was collected by in-depth interviews and focus group discussions, while secondary data was collected by literature review. The data was processed using content analysis techniques. This research found that the activism of FWBM has been manifested in four holistic community empowerment programmes. Through these programmes, ex Indonesian Migrant Workers and their families can improve their quality of life. They can be more empowered, economically independent, and wealthier. However, the FWBM still has limitations in terms of volunteers and financial resources to support sustainable activities.","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":"164 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Musli Musli, Della Amrina Yusra, Yumasdaleni Yumasdaleni
The existence of the name Kerinchi village in Kuala Lumpur is a trace of the migration of Kerinci residents to Malaysia. The increase in Indonesian migrant workers was parallel to the increase in the Malaysian economy in the 1990s that continues to this day. Although bringing children to settle in Malaysia is not allowed, the practise of bringing children illegally can be found. The study investigated the migration process of Kerinci residents and the education of their children. Data were collected using a qualitative method in Selangor, Malaysia and Danau Kerinci District (Jambi) in 2019 and 2021. The migration process is explained through four main factors, namely (1) lack of job opportunities in area of origin, (2) a higher value work and results in the destination area, (3) intention to have assets and continue children's education, and (4) social and family networks. Further, observations on the educational practises of the children who stay under illegal status show that they went to madrasah schools in the vicinity of PMI's residence because there are no document requirements, followed by returning back to Kerinci to take the Package A exam. Alternatively, migrant workers placed guardians over families with Malaysian citizenship status so that children born in Malaysia could attend formal schools. For the children who live in Kerinci, many of them go to university and some of them work in the formal sector. Migrating to become workers abroad is a form of effort to improve their children's education for Kerinci residents.
{"title":"Pekerja migran Malaysia asal Kerinci Jambi dan pendidikan anak-anak mereka","authors":"Musli Musli, Della Amrina Yusra, Yumasdaleni Yumasdaleni","doi":"10.14203/jki.v17i2.712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.712","url":null,"abstract":"The existence of the name Kerinchi village in Kuala Lumpur is a trace of the migration of Kerinci residents to Malaysia. The increase in Indonesian migrant workers was parallel to the increase in the Malaysian economy in the 1990s that continues to this day. Although bringing children to settle in Malaysia is not allowed, the practise of bringing children illegally can be found. The study investigated the migration process of Kerinci residents and the education of their children. Data were collected using a qualitative method in Selangor, Malaysia and Danau Kerinci District (Jambi) in 2019 and 2021. The migration process is explained through four main factors, namely (1) lack of job opportunities in area of origin, (2) a higher value work and results in the destination area, (3) intention to have assets and continue children's education, and (4) social and family networks. Further, observations on the educational practises of the children who stay under illegal status show that they went to madrasah schools in the vicinity of PMI's residence because there are no document requirements, followed by returning back to Kerinci to take the Package A exam. Alternatively, migrant workers placed guardians over families with Malaysian citizenship status so that children born in Malaysia could attend formal schools. For the children who live in Kerinci, many of them go to university and some of them work in the formal sector. Migrating to become workers abroad is a form of effort to improve their children's education for Kerinci residents.","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurrokhmah Rizqihandari, R. Rijanta, Sudrajat Sudrajat, Rika Harini, Hafid Setiadi
Agriculture-based policies for rural development and food sufficiency lead to the welfare of farmers. However, the implementation of these policies often cannot address these issues. This study examines the impact of implementing agropolitan area and Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) policies on paddy field farmers in the Ciwidey Agricultural Area. A review of the literature on regulations related to these two policies was conducted to identify their application in the Ciwidey area. Furthermore, a phenomenological qualitative approach was carried out to observe rice field farmers as the object of these policies. Agropolitan policies can create capital flows in agricultural areas that open opportunities to diverse farmers' livelihood portfolios. This capital inflow would be followed by activities of primitive accumulation that changed paddy field land tenure. In a strategic location, this change will increase the risk of the paddy field's conversion to non-agriculture. The LP2B policy is used to control this transfer of function. Unfortunately, the policy puts farmers with small land at risk of being in the survival strategy because their livelihood portfolio is limited. Their cultivated rice fields have less economic value compared to horticultural commodities. Although the LP2B policy can generally control land use conversion, paddy field farmers retain their identity. The primitive accumulation that follows the capital inflow due to agropolitan policy raises the risk of LP2B farmers become vulnerable in land ownership, changed from land owners to agricultural laborers. In general, this impact keeps the welfare of farmers below expectations.
{"title":"Dilema petani di tengah dualisme kebijakan pertanian: Studi kasus strategi penghidupan berkelanjutan petani sawah di kawasan agropolitan Ciwidey, Jawa Barat","authors":"Nurrokhmah Rizqihandari, R. Rijanta, Sudrajat Sudrajat, Rika Harini, Hafid Setiadi","doi":"10.14203/jki.v17i2.755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.755","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture-based policies for rural development and food sufficiency lead to the welfare of farmers. However, the implementation of these policies often cannot address these issues. This study examines the impact of implementing agropolitan area and Sustainable Food Agricultural Land (LP2B) policies on paddy field farmers in the Ciwidey Agricultural Area. A review of the literature on regulations related to these two policies was conducted to identify their application in the Ciwidey area. Furthermore, a phenomenological qualitative approach was carried out to observe rice field farmers as the object of these policies. Agropolitan policies can create capital flows in agricultural areas that open opportunities to diverse farmers' livelihood portfolios. This capital inflow would be followed by activities of primitive accumulation that changed paddy field land tenure. In a strategic location, this change will increase the risk of the paddy field's conversion to non-agriculture. The LP2B policy is used to control this transfer of function. Unfortunately, the policy puts farmers with small land at risk of being in the survival strategy because their livelihood portfolio is limited. Their cultivated rice fields have less economic value compared to horticultural commodities. Although the LP2B policy can generally control land use conversion, paddy field farmers retain their identity. The primitive accumulation that follows the capital inflow due to agropolitan policy raises the risk of LP2B farmers become vulnerable in land ownership, changed from land owners to agricultural laborers. In general, this impact keeps the welfare of farmers below expectations.","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Warung Tegal or warteg (a food stall with cheap food) is a local economic phenomenon that is rapidly growing in the Jakarta area, particularly for the lower middle-class society. This growth is due to the connection between warteg business and remittances sent to their hometowns. This paper aims to (i) explain the informal economy of warteg traders who provide economic opportunities for other migrants in Jakarta, (ii) describe the remittances economy of warteg traders to their families in their hometowns, and (iii) explain the economic contribution of remittances to the development of migrants' origin villages. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies of warteg traders around Bangka IX, Pela Mampang, and Mampang Prapatan. Data were obtained by direct observation that was carried out from March 2016 to January 2017. The interviewees include five warteg traders who sell in the Pela Mampang region, as well as the children of the traders and village officials of Dukuhjati Kidul, Tegal. The results of the study show that warteg can increase the wealth of migrant families. Remittances serve as a form of social bonding and responsibility to their families. They are used for consumption and productive activities, such as building houses that are considered a symbol of success in running warteg.
{"title":"Kontribusi ekonomi remitansi bagi pembangunan desa: Studi kasus pedagang warung tegal di Jakarta Selatan","authors":"Nur Ali Hidayatulloh, Rakhmat Hidayat","doi":"10.14203/jki.v17i2.619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.619","url":null,"abstract":"Warung Tegal or warteg (a food stall with cheap food) is a local economic phenomenon that is rapidly growing in the Jakarta area, particularly for the lower middle-class society. This growth is due to the connection between warteg business and remittances sent to their hometowns. This paper aims to (i) explain the informal economy of warteg traders who provide economic opportunities for other migrants in Jakarta, (ii) describe the remittances economy of warteg traders to their families in their hometowns, and (iii) explain the economic contribution of remittances to the development of migrants' origin villages. This research uses a qualitative approach with case studies of warteg traders around Bangka IX, Pela Mampang, and Mampang Prapatan. Data were obtained by direct observation that was carried out from March 2016 to January 2017. The interviewees include five warteg traders who sell in the Pela Mampang region, as well as the children of the traders and village officials of Dukuhjati Kidul, Tegal. The results of the study show that warteg can increase the wealth of migrant families. Remittances serve as a form of social bonding and responsibility to their families. They are used for consumption and productive activities, such as building houses that are considered a symbol of success in running warteg.","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":"269 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The measure of welfare is not only about material prosperity but also about happiness. The sandwich generation has a dual role to play in influencing their happiness. On the other hand, social capital also affects happiness. There are several mechanisms by which social capital affects happiness, including health conditions, household income, and education. This study aims to analyze specifically how social capital influences the happiness of the sandwich generation in Indonesia. This study uses SPTK 2017 data, analyzing the head of household or partner of the sandwich generation and non-sandwich generation. Using OLS estimation, the study found that the happiness index in the sandwich and non-sandwich generations are not significantly different. However, social capital generally has a significant effect on happiness. In addition, health conditions were found to be a variable that becomes a mechanism for how social capital affects happiness. Increasing the value of social capital in the poor health sandwich generation will be more beneficial in increasing their happiness. Meanwhile, household income and education were not found to be mechanisms for social capital.
{"title":"Pengaruh modal sosial terhadap kebahagiaan generasi sandwich di Indonesia","authors":"Amelia Rahman, Turro Seltris Wongkaren","doi":"10.14203/jki.v17i2.675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.675","url":null,"abstract":"The measure of welfare is not only about material prosperity but also about happiness. The sandwich generation has a dual role to play in influencing their happiness. On the other hand, social capital also affects happiness. There are several mechanisms by which social capital affects happiness, including health conditions, household income, and education. This study aims to analyze specifically how social capital influences the happiness of the sandwich generation in Indonesia. This study uses SPTK 2017 data, analyzing the head of household or partner of the sandwich generation and non-sandwich generation. Using OLS estimation, the study found that the happiness index in the sandwich and non-sandwich generations are not significantly different. However, social capital generally has a significant effect on happiness. In addition, health conditions were found to be a variable that becomes a mechanism for how social capital affects happiness. Increasing the value of social capital in the poor health sandwich generation will be more beneficial in increasing their happiness. Meanwhile, household income and education were not found to be mechanisms for social capital.","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The issue of child labor remains unresolved in Indonesia, hindering the achievement of one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is to end child labor in all forms by 2025. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of child laborers aged 10-17 years old and the impact of maternal characteristics on child labor in Indonesia in 2018. The study analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (Susenas KOR) survey using binary logistic regression. The results showed that most child laborers had mothers who were heads of households, had low levels of education, were disabled, had severe illnesses, were of productive age, had previously been married, and were recent migrants. It was concluded that maternal position in the household, maternal education level, maternal health status for severe illnesses, maternal age, and migration status significantly affected the prevalence of child labor in Indonesia in 2018. On the other hand, maternal physical condition, health status for mild illnesses, and marital status did not have an impact on child labor in Indonesia in 2018.
{"title":"Pengaruh karakteristik ibu terhadap munculnya pekerja anak di Indonesia tahun 2018","authors":"Gratiana Imelda Nahak, Hardius Usman","doi":"10.14203/jki.v17i2.643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.643","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of child labor remains unresolved in Indonesia, hindering the achievement of one of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which is to end child labor in all forms by 2025. This study aimed to examine the characteristics of child laborers aged 10-17 years old and the impact of maternal characteristics on child labor in Indonesia in 2018. The study analyzed data from the 2018 Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics (Susenas KOR) survey using binary logistic regression. The results showed that most child laborers had mothers who were heads of households, had low levels of education, were disabled, had severe illnesses, were of productive age, had previously been married, and were recent migrants. It was concluded that maternal position in the household, maternal education level, maternal health status for severe illnesses, maternal age, and migration status significantly affected the prevalence of child labor in Indonesia in 2018. On the other hand, maternal physical condition, health status for mild illnesses, and marital status did not have an impact on child labor in Indonesia in 2018.","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Various studies have explored the relationship between visual impairment and poverty. This study aims to enrich understanding on the relationship between poverty and visual disability in the Indonesian context. This study uses data from Wave 5 of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), focused on individuals aged 25 and above in 2014. The method used in this study consists of descriptive analysis and logistic regression. This study found that there is no relationship between poverty and visual impairment. The empirical result shows that people who experienced visual disability tend to have a lower probability of being poor in 2014 compared to people without visual disability. Poor persons also have lower probability to be visually disabled in 2014. This finding tends to be slightly different from previous research which showed the bidirectional relationship between poverty and visual disability. This difference might be due to the indicator of visual disability used in this study. Based on the IFLS data, people with visual disability come from a non-poor family so that they were able to perform medical check up, including eye health check. The results of this study indicate that a person with visual disability is capable of performing various activities, including productive activities. They are also able to work and create income. Thus, there is the possibility that they do not experience severe visual disability
{"title":"Kontribusi hubungan kemiskinan dan disabilitas netra: Studi kasus di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Data IFLS tahun 2014","authors":"Fera Febriana Sritutur","doi":"10.14203/jki.v17i2.756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v17i2.756","url":null,"abstract":"Various studies have explored the relationship between visual impairment and poverty. This study aims to enrich understanding on the relationship between poverty and visual disability in the Indonesian context. This study uses data from Wave 5 of the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS), focused on individuals aged 25 and above in 2014. The method used in this study consists of descriptive analysis and logistic regression. This study found that there is no relationship between poverty and visual impairment. The empirical result shows that people who experienced visual disability tend to have a lower probability of being poor in 2014 compared to people without visual disability. Poor persons also have lower probability to be visually disabled in 2014. This finding tends to be slightly different from previous research which showed the bidirectional relationship between poverty and visual disability. This difference might be due to the indicator of visual disability used in this study. Based on the IFLS data, people with visual disability come from a non-poor family so that they were able to perform medical check up, including eye health check. The results of this study indicate that a person with visual disability is capable of performing various activities, including productive activities. They are also able to work and create income. Thus, there is the possibility that they do not experience severe visual disability","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135828047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Women farmers’ vulnerability due to low access to resources, reduced soil fertility, and the inability of farmers to obtain added value in the market causes poverty upwards among women farmers. Empowerment is an essential concern to improve their quality of life. This study aims to analyse the process of empowering women in organic farming models and the Participatory Guarantee System for organic standards. The study was conducted by taking the case of women farmers community in Claket Village, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province. The qualitative research approach with data collection techniques through interviews with 16 informants. The results showed that the farmer empowerment was carried out in two processes. Firstly, by changing conventional agricultural cultivation behavior into organic cultivation. Secondly, by establishing a Participatory Guarantee System for organic that can increase the autonomy of women farmers both in terms of cultivation and involvement in the agricultural chain system. Both empowerment processes can be carried out for women farmers despite they have low educational background, limited land, multiple roles in the household, or in older ages. In addition, patience, the nature of togetherness, and the desire to learn are the keys to the success of organic farming businesses in women farmers group.
{"title":"Pemberdayaan petani perempuan dalam membangun pengelolaan pertanian berkelanjutan: Studi kasus usaha pertanian organik di Desa Claket, Jawa Timur","authors":"Vanda Ningrum, Deshinta Vibriyanti, Sari Seftiani","doi":"10.14203/jki.v16i2.692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14203/jki.v16i2.692","url":null,"abstract":"Women farmers’ vulnerability due to low access to resources, reduced soil fertility, and the inability of farmers to obtain added value in the market causes poverty upwards among women farmers. Empowerment is an essential concern to improve their quality of life. This study aims to analyse the process of empowering women in organic farming models and the Participatory Guarantee System for organic standards. The study was conducted by taking the case of women farmers community in Claket Village, Mojokerto Regency, East Java Province. The qualitative research approach with data collection techniques through interviews with 16 informants. The results showed that the farmer empowerment was carried out in two processes. Firstly, by changing conventional agricultural cultivation behavior into organic cultivation. Secondly, by establishing a Participatory Guarantee System for organic that can increase the autonomy of women farmers both in terms of cultivation and involvement in the agricultural chain system. Both empowerment processes can be carried out for women farmers despite they have low educational background, limited land, multiple roles in the household, or in older ages. In addition, patience, the nature of togetherness, and the desire to learn are the keys to the success of organic farming businesses in women farmers group.","PeriodicalId":31246,"journal":{"name":"Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49439591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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