Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0009
Philip G. Roeder
The conclusion engages elements of the programmatic analysis that call for further investigation in future research, its predictions of potential national-secession hot spots in the next decades, and the policy implications for central governments confronting national secessionism to engage the struggle for minds created by campaigns engaged in programmatic coordination.
{"title":"Looking Forward","authors":"Philip G. Roeder","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"The conclusion engages elements of the programmatic analysis that call for further investigation in future research, its predictions of potential national-secession hot spots in the next decades, and the policy implications for central governments confronting national secessionism to engage the struggle for minds created by campaigns engaged in programmatic coordination.","PeriodicalId":312518,"journal":{"name":"National Secession","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128750457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0003
Philip G. Roeder
This begins a two-chapter examination of the Leninist strategy of ideological-organizational work that subsequently influenced national-secession campaigns worldwide through transnational networks of mutual support. Chapter 3 elaborates on the more familiar organizational tasks of cultivating a leadership of intellectuals and politicians, a staff of cadres and activists, and a participatory reserve of part-time supporters. Recruiting each defines the three developmental stages of a campaign as establishment (recruiting leadership), capacitation (building a staff), and association (preparing reservists for future action). But these organizational tasks do not provide coordination without ideological unity. This chapter illustrates its claims with evidence from the Timor Leste and Basque campaigns.
{"title":"Organization and Mobilization in Campaign Development","authors":"Philip G. Roeder","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This begins a two-chapter examination of the Leninist strategy of ideological-organizational work that subsequently influenced national-secession campaigns worldwide through transnational networks of mutual support. Chapter 3 elaborates on the more familiar organizational tasks of cultivating a leadership of intellectuals and politicians, a staff of cadres and activists, and a participatory reserve of part-time supporters. Recruiting each defines the three developmental stages of a campaign as establishment (recruiting leadership), capacitation (building a staff), and association (preparing reservists for future action). But these organizational tasks do not provide coordination without ideological unity. This chapter illustrates its claims with evidence from the Timor Leste and Basque campaigns.","PeriodicalId":312518,"journal":{"name":"National Secession","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127589983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0002
Philip G. Roeder
This chapter examines the lessons that national-secession campaign leaders can draw from the successful secessions since 1945. It defines the concept of national-secession and identifies on this basis the 171 campaigns that secured a place on the agenda of the western great powers from 1945 to 2016. This census also identifies those campaigns that employed violence as a tactic in their disputes with their central governments. The 26 successful secessions that achieved independence through international intervention, expulsion by the central government, abandonment, or collapse at the center give campaign leaders little evidence to expect they can achieve independence by forcing this on the central government by the campaign’s own means without a fortuitous intervention of events in the central government or from foreign powers.
{"title":"Strategic Constraints","authors":"Philip G. Roeder","doi":"10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501725982.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the lessons that national-secession campaign leaders can draw from the successful secessions since 1945. It defines the concept of national-secession and identifies on this basis the 171 campaigns that secured a place on the agenda of the western great powers from 1945 to 2016. This census also identifies those campaigns that employed violence as a tactic in their disputes with their central governments. The 26 successful secessions that achieved independence through international intervention, expulsion by the central government, abandonment, or collapse at the center give campaign leaders little evidence to expect they can achieve independence by forcing this on the central government by the campaign’s own means without a fortuitous intervention of events in the central government or from foreign powers.","PeriodicalId":312518,"journal":{"name":"National Secession","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133678036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0001
Philip G. Roeder
This chapter frames the central question: How and under what conditions do national-secession projects become significant campaigns by getting on the global agenda, give rise to intractable disputes with their central governments over independence, and sustain protracted intense struggles? It then introduces the programmatic analytic approach that focuses on the strategy of national-secession campaigns to coordinate their imagined nations around the common goal of independence. Too weak to achieve their goal of independence through a contest of arms with their central governments, most national-secession campaigns focus their efforts on propagation of their programs so as to await opportunities when the international community imposes independence on the central government or when the central government collapses.
{"title":"Three Questions about National Secession","authors":"Philip G. Roeder","doi":"10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter frames the central question: How and under what conditions do national-secession projects become significant campaigns by getting on the global agenda, give rise to intractable disputes with their central governments over independence, and sustain protracted intense struggles? It then introduces the programmatic analytic approach that focuses on the strategy of national-secession campaigns to coordinate their imagined nations around the common goal of independence. Too weak to achieve their goal of independence through a contest of arms with their central governments, most national-secession campaigns focus their efforts on propagation of their programs so as to await opportunities when the international community imposes independence on the central government or when the central government collapses.","PeriodicalId":312518,"journal":{"name":"National Secession","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127461793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0004
Philip G. Roeder
This chapter explains the role of the common goal of independence that holds together constituents of the campaign who have diverse motivations for joining the campaign. These types include enthusiasts (true believers in independence), expressionists (activists who revel in the struggle), and pragmatists (who see independence as a means to serve economic and political interests). Campaign leaders must allocate incentives to bring each type into the campaign at the proper stage of campaign development and phase of activation, but still limiting the damage that each type of constituent can impose on a campaign if not matched to the right task or time. This micro-level strategy explains why we observe at the macro-level only weak relationships between specific patterns of identity, grievance, and greed to the rise of national-secession campaigns. And it explains why the authenticity and realism of the campaigns program emerge as key constraints on campaign success at programmatic coordination. This chapter includes a brief analysis of the Eritrean struggle for independence to illustrate the importance of programmatic coordination.
{"title":"Programmatic Coordination in Campaigns","authors":"Philip G. Roeder","doi":"10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explains the role of the common goal of independence that holds together constituents of the campaign who have diverse motivations for joining the campaign. These types include enthusiasts (true believers in independence), expressionists (activists who revel in the struggle), and pragmatists (who see independence as a means to serve economic and political interests). Campaign leaders must allocate incentives to bring each type into the campaign at the proper stage of campaign development and phase of activation, but still limiting the damage that each type of constituent can impose on a campaign if not matched to the right task or time. This micro-level strategy explains why we observe at the macro-level only weak relationships between specific patterns of identity, grievance, and greed to the rise of national-secession campaigns. And it explains why the authenticity and realism of the campaigns program emerge as key constraints on campaign success at programmatic coordination. This chapter includes a brief analysis of the Eritrean struggle for independence to illustrate the importance of programmatic coordination.","PeriodicalId":312518,"journal":{"name":"National Secession","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114680976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0008
Philip G. Roeder
This chapter examines how the strategy of programmatic coordination turns the identities, grievances, and ambitions (greed) commonly invoked to explain substantial secessionist campaigns into substitutable motivations with which campaign cadres work to construct support for the goal of independence. The tactical-logistical opportunities that are often added to explain the resort to violence are for national-secession campaign leaders remote considerations when armed victory over the central government is an unrealistic operational objective. Introducing variables from these more common explanations into the statistical analysis introduced in Chapters 5 and 7 yields results that are substantially weaker than those for the cues to programmatic authenticity and realism.
{"title":"Complementary Explanations","authors":"Philip G. Roeder","doi":"10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/CORNELL/9781501725982.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how the strategy of programmatic coordination turns the identities, grievances, and ambitions (greed) commonly invoked to explain substantial secessionist campaigns into substitutable motivations with which campaign cadres work to construct support for the goal of independence. The tactical-logistical opportunities that are often added to explain the resort to violence are for national-secession campaign leaders remote considerations when armed victory over the central government is an unrealistic operational objective. Introducing variables from these more common explanations into the statistical analysis introduced in Chapters 5 and 7 yields results that are substantially weaker than those for the cues to programmatic authenticity and realism.","PeriodicalId":312518,"journal":{"name":"National Secession","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121606896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-06-12DOI: 10.7591/9781501725999-001
Giuseppina Balossi
{"title":"List of Figures and Tables","authors":"Giuseppina Balossi","doi":"10.7591/9781501725999-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7591/9781501725999-001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":312518,"journal":{"name":"National Secession","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121197276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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