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Ucenye Zapiski SanktPeterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Medicinskogo Universiteta im Akad IP Pavlova最新文献

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Features of carbohydrate metabolism disorders in acute pancreatitis 急性胰腺炎碳水化合物代谢紊乱的特点
Pub Date : 2023-05-27 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2022-29-4-25-30
A. N. Shcherbyuk, S. V. Morozov, A. I. Lobakov, V. M. Manuilov, N. V. Karpov, D. A. Mohov, A. N. Levitskaya, K. N. Levitskaya, S. V. Shalamova
Introduction. Endocrine insufficiency of the pancreas manifests, as a rule, in the form of carbohydrate metabolism disorders. Methods and materials. The levels of insulin concentration were analyzed in 21 patients with various forms of acute pancreatitis with a degree of clinical severity on the APACHE II scale from 10 to 14 (12±2) and the levels of glucagon concentration in 16 patients with a degree of clinical severity on the APACHE II scale from 8 to 10 (9±1) on the 1st, 3rd and 7th day since the onset of disease, the dynamics of blood glycemia was observed in all patients. Results . As a result, despite the relatively normal blood glucose level in all observations compared with the control group, there was a decrease in insulin by more than 2 times, a decrease in glucagon by 1.5 times, the level of which increased by the outcome of the disease. In the presence of normoglycemia in all studied cases. Conclusions . The obtained data indicates that insufficiency of insulin and glucagon exists in all forms of AP. Relative normoglycemia is caused by absolute insulin insufficiency against the background of interstitial edema of the pancreas in AP. Correction of endocrine disorders in AP is a promising direction in the treatment of patients with various forms of AP.
介绍。胰腺内分泌功能不全通常表现为碳水化合物代谢紊乱。方法和材料。分析21例APACHEⅱ临床严重程度为10 ~ 14(12±2)的不同形式急性胰腺炎患者在发病第1、3、7天的胰岛素浓度水平和16例APACHEⅱ临床严重程度为8 ~ 10(9±1)的胰高血糖素浓度水平,并观察所有患者的血糖动态。结果。结果,尽管与对照组相比,所有观察组的血糖水平相对正常,但胰岛素下降了2倍以上,胰高血糖素下降了1.5倍,其水平因疾病的结果而增加。在所有研究病例中均存在正常血糖。结论。所获得的数据表明,所有形式的AP均存在胰岛素和胰高血糖素不足,相对正常血糖是在AP胰腺间质性水肿的背景下由绝对胰岛素不足引起的。纠正AP内分泌紊乱是治疗各种形式AP患者的一个有希望的方向。
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引用次数: 0
A modern approach to evaluating the effectiveness of the respiratory rehabilitation program for patients after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 一种评估新型冠状病毒感染COVID-19后患者呼吸康复计划有效性的现代方法
Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2022-29-4-82-88
V. V. Afanasyeva, A. A. Potapchuk
The objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of the respiratory rehabilitation program for patients after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 from the standpoint of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. Methods and materials. A study of 59 patients who underwent a new coronavirus infection COVID-19 and were hospitalized after 2–3 months for a rehabilitation course was conducted on the basis of the Pavlov University in 2020–2022. The main group included 38 patients (12 men and 26 women), the comparison group consisted of 21 patients (14 men and 7 women). The program of respiratory rehabilitation of patients who underwent COVD-19 included therapeutic gymnastics (breathing exercises, restorative physical exercises, special strength-oriented physical exercises), Nordic walking and physiotherapy procedures. The program developed by us was implemented during 2 weeks of inpatient stay of patients. Evaluation of the effectiveness of the respiratory rehabilitation program for patients who underwent COVID-19 was carried out on the basis of GOST R 57960 – 2017 “Evaluation of the results of rehabilitation services”. Results. Based on the evaluation of the effectiveness of rehabilitation in both groups according to GOST R 57960 – 2017 “Evaluation of the results of rehabilitation services”, the sum of individual indicators in patients of the main group was 84.7 points, the average score was 2.2. The sum of individual indicators in patients of the comparison group was 25.4 points, the average score was 1.2. Thus, the effectiveness of respiratory rehabilitation of patients of the main group according to GOST – excellent, in patients of the comparison group – satisfactory. Conclusions. The ICF categories have been formed, which allow us to provide objective information about the condition of patients who have undergone a new coronavirus infection in moderate and severe forms. A program of respiratory rehabilitation has been developed, including classes in breathing exercises, restorative physical exercises, special strength-oriented physical exercises, Nordic walking, and physiotherapy procedures. The effectiveness of respiratory rehabilitation of patients of the main group can be recognized as excellent.
目的是从国际功能、残疾和健康分类的角度评估新型冠状病毒感染COVID-19后患者呼吸康复计划的有效性。方法和材料。2020-2022年,以巴甫洛夫大学为基础,对59名新型冠状病毒感染患者进行了为期2-3个月的康复治疗。主组38例(男12例,女26例),对照组21例(男14例,女7例)。covid -19患者的呼吸康复方案包括治疗性体操(呼吸练习、恢复性体育锻炼、特殊力量体育锻炼)、北欧步行和物理治疗程序。我们开发的方案是在患者住院2周的时间内实施的。根据GOST R 57960 - 2017《康复服务结果评估》对COVID-19患者呼吸康复方案的有效性进行评估。结果。根据GOST R 57960 - 2017《康复服务效果评价》对两组患者的康复效果进行评价,主组患者个体指标总和为84.7分,平均得分为2.2分。对照组患者单项指标之和为25.4分,平均得分为1.2分。由此可见,主组患者的呼吸康复效果按GOST -优秀,对照组患者-满意。结论。ICF分类已经形成,使我们能够提供有关中度和重度新型冠状病毒感染患者病情的客观信息。一个呼吸康复计划已经被开发出来,包括呼吸练习、恢复性体育锻炼、特殊力量导向的体育锻炼、北欧步行和物理治疗程序。主要组患者的呼吸康复效果均为优秀。
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引用次数: 0
АНТИАГРЕГАНТНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ В ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ НАРУШЕНИЙ МОЗГОВОГО КРОВООБРАЩЕНИЯ 预防脑损伤的抗组胺疗法
Pub Date : 2017-01-13 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2017-24-1-15-21
Ольга Владимировна Родионова, Виктор Александрович Сорокоумов, Т. В. Вавилова, Ю. Д. Богатенкова, М. М. Мнускина, И Г Крупоткина, Людмила Алексеевна Исаева
Currently the problem of preventing cerebrovascular disorders, in which antiplatelet therapy takes one of the leading places, remains relevant. The efficiency of the therapy depends on a large number of modifiable and non-modifiable factors. There are many methods to assess the severity of the response to antiplatelet therapy, but there is no common approach to the assessment of the results and their prognostic significance. Further studies of this issue are essential with the aim of individualization of antiplatelet therapy thereby increasing its efficiency and safety.
目前,预防脑血管疾病的问题仍然存在,其中抗血小板治疗占主导地位之一。治疗的有效性取决于大量可改变和不可改变的因素。有许多方法来评估抗血小板治疗反应的严重程度,但没有一个通用的方法来评估结果及其预后意义。进一步研究这一问题是必要的,目的是个体化抗血小板治疗,从而提高其效率和安全性。
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引用次数: 9
Комплексная нейрореабилитация при парапротеин-ассоциированной периферической нейропатии 副蛋白相关周围神经病变综合神经康复
Pub Date : 2016-09-20 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-4-81-87
A. A. Alexey, M. V. Yakovleva, A. G. Smochilin
Nowadays, treatment of paraproteinemic polyneuropathy is a fairly complex interdisciplinary process. The main method of therapy is still the use of chemotherapeutic drugs as means of pathogenetic treatment of the underlying disease. However, the use of chemotherapy with neurotoxicity can cause development of toxic polyneuropathy which increases neurological deficit. Any comprehensive neurorehabilitation program for patients with these forms of polyneuropathies have not been developed to date. The article presents data of clinical observations of 26 patients with paraproteinemic polyneuropathy which had undergone a course of neurorehabilitation treatment, both medical and nondrug technologies, including the methods of kinesiotherapy and physiotherapy.
目前,副蛋白血症性多发性神经病的治疗是一个相当复杂的跨学科过程。治疗的主要方法仍然是使用化疗药物作为对基础疾病进行病理治疗的手段。然而,使用具有神经毒性的化疗可导致中毒性多神经病变的发展,从而增加神经功能缺损。迄今为止,还没有针对这些形式的多神经病变患者的综合性神经康复方案。本文报道了26例副蛋白血症性多发性神经病患者的临床观察资料,这些患者接受了一个疗程的神经康复治疗,包括药物和非药物技术,包括运动疗法和物理疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Современные представления о рациональной диагностике и лечении приобретенной миастении. Часть 1: диагностика 现代观念的理性诊断和治疗疾病获得。第一部分:诊断
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-2-20-26
С. Н. Бардаков, С. А. Живолупов, Евгений Робертович Баранцевич, М. В. Захаров, И. Н. Самарцев
Acquired myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease, based on the imbalance of humoral and cellular immunity, characterized by weakness and fatigue of skeletal muscles, and in some cases involvement of the heart muscle. In most cases, the object of the autoimmune destruction is peripheral nicotinic acetylcholine receptors of the postsynaptic membrane of the neuromuscular synapse. In myasthenia gravis there has been identified a number of other antigenic targets: muscle-specific tyrosine kinase, lowdensity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4, titin, and ryanodine receptors skeletal muscles. Their specificity and pathogenetic role have been disclosed, but it is about 15-20% of seronegative forms that require further immunological research. Accurate diagnosis depends on the efficient detection of clinical forms of myasthenia gravis and full analysis of the autoimmune mechanisms underlying the disease.
获得性重症肌无力是一种自身免疫性疾病,以体液和细胞免疫失衡为基础,以骨骼肌无力和疲劳为特征,在某些情况下还会累及心肌。在大多数情况下,自身免疫破坏的对象是神经肌肉突触突触后膜的周围烟碱乙酰胆碱受体。在重症肌无力中,已经确定了许多其他的抗原靶点:肌肉特异性酪氨酸激酶、低密度脂蛋白受体相关蛋白4、肌球蛋白和赖胺受体骨骼肌。它们的特异性和致病作用已被披露,但约有15-20%的血清阴性形式需要进一步的免疫学研究。准确的诊断依赖于对重症肌无力临床形式的有效检测和对该疾病的自身免疫机制的充分分析。
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引用次数: 1
ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И СЕМЕЙНЫЕ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ КОММУНИКАЦИИ МАТЕРЕЙ НАРКОЗАВИСИМЫХ 吸毒者母亲的心理特征和家庭情感联系
Pub Date : 2016-06-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-2-35-38
Ж. В. Береза, Елена Рудольфовна Исаева, С. В. Горбатов, Д. С. Антипина
The paper is devoted to study of peculiarities of emotional communication in families of drug addicts as well as personal characteristics of their mothers, and possible violations in receiving of social assistance. 91 families have been surveyed: 30 families of healthy individuals and 61 families of patients with drug addiction. Survey included: level of co-dependence, the intensity of psychopathological symptoms, level of anxiety and depressive experience of the mothers of drug addicts, their styles of emotional communication and level of social assistance. Study revealed the negative styles of emotional communications in the parent families of drug addicts in comparison with the styles of emotional communications in the families of healthy persons. The mothers of drug addicts differed from the mothers of healthy persons with increased level of paranoid features, suspiciousness, high hostility, anxiety, increased number of phobic fears and obsessions; they are less socially integrated, and are reluctant to seek emotional and instrumental support from others.
本文研究了吸毒成瘾者家庭情感交流的特点及其母亲的个人特征,以及在接受社会救助时可能存在的违法行为。对91个家庭进行了调查:30个健康家庭和61个吸毒成瘾患者家庭。调查内容包括:吸毒成瘾者母亲的相互依赖程度、精神病理症状的严重程度、焦虑和抑郁经历程度、情感交流方式和社会援助水平。研究发现,吸毒成瘾者父母家庭的情绪沟通方式与健康者家庭的情绪沟通方式存在消极差异。吸毒成瘾者的母亲与健康人的母亲不同,其偏执特征、多疑、高度敌意、焦虑程度增加,恐惧和强迫症数量增加;他们的社会融合程度较低,不愿从他人那里寻求情感和工具上的支持。
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引用次数: 2
ИВАН ПЕТРОВИЧ ПАВЛОВ 伊万·彼得罗维奇·巴甫洛夫
В. П. Бякина, Т. В. Давыдова, Н. А. Маслова
The article is coincided with the anniversary – 80 years after appellation of the nameof I. P. Pavlov to the First Saint Petersburg State Medical University. The paper describes the scientific path of the first Nobel laureate of Russia. The article highlighted the most important achievements in the field of physiology. The article highlighted the pedagogical activity of I. P. Pavlov, named his outstanding disciples and followers.
这篇文章恰逢巴甫洛夫被命名为圣彼得堡第一国立医科大学80周年纪念日。本文描述了俄罗斯第一位诺贝尔奖得主的科学之路。这篇文章强调了生理学领域最重要的成就。文章着重介绍了巴甫洛夫的教学活动,列举了他杰出的弟子和追随者。
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引用次数: 0
Current understanding of the rational diagnostics and treatment of acquired myasthenia gravis. Part 2: treatment 后天性重症肌无力的合理诊断与治疗现状。第二部分:治疗
S. Bardakov, S. A. Zhivolupov, E. R. Barantsevich, M. V. Zakharov, I. N. Samartsev
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引用次数: 0
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure in elderly people: literature review 老年人慢性阻塞性肺疾病和慢性心力衰竭:文献综述
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-2-11-15
V. Gubkina, V. Trofimov, L. Tsvetkova, T. Pogoda, Y. I. Mumortsev, D. A. Suntsov
{"title":"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chronic heart failure in elderly people: literature review","authors":"V. Gubkina, V. Trofimov, L. Tsvetkova, T. Pogoda, Y. I. Mumortsev, D. A. Suntsov","doi":"10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-2-11-15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-2-11-15","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31266,"journal":{"name":"Ucenye Zapiski SanktPeterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Medicinskogo Universiteta im Akad IP Pavlova","volume":"23 1","pages":"11-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69115976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
РОЛЬ МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ СЕСТРЫ В МУЛЬТИДИСЦИПЛИНАРНОЙ БРИГАДЕ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИОННОГО ПРОФИЛЯ 护士在多学科康复小组中的作用
Pub Date : 2016-01-01 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2016-23-3-16-17
Н. Г. Петрова, Светлана Александровна Калинина, Т. И. Миннулин
A feature of a multidisciplinary approach to national health care system is the lack of nursing staff in the brigades, which reduces their clinical and costeffectiveness. A nurse implements problemoriented nursing process, basing on the patient’s level of adaptation to opportunities changed in accordance with the main FIC domains. Traditionally nurses take over the functions of patients’ social adaption. The article presents the data of sociological research of nurses, engaged in rehabilitation departments. The main evident problem of rehabilitation is a fundamental change of the role functions of nurses, which is associated with the transformation into the scientific discipline of centuriesold experience of nursing care, the integration of international experience in the practice of national health care.
多学科方法对国家卫生保健系统的一个特点是缺乏护理人员的旅,这降低了他们的临床和成本效益。护士根据患者对主要FIC领域变化的机会的适应程度,实施以问题为导向的护理过程。传统上,护士承担着患者社会适应的职能。本文介绍了对康复科护士的社会学调查数据。康复的主要明显问题是护士角色功能的根本性转变,这与将百年护理经验转化为科学学科、将国际经验融入国民卫生保健实践有关。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Ucenye Zapiski SanktPeterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Medicinskogo Universiteta im Akad IP Pavlova
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