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Ucenye Zapiski SanktPeterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Medicinskogo Universiteta im Akad IP Pavlova最新文献

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Медико-психологическое сопровождение и психофизиологическая экспертиза специалистов экстремальных видов деятельности 极端活动专家的心理和心理生理评估
Pub Date : 2015-12-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-4-28-31
A. V. Starkov, V. Yusupov, B. V. Ovchinnikov, V. A. Korzunin, P. A. Porozhnikov
The essence of medical and psychological support is a continuous monitoring of functional and mental state of specialists and the system of mental health interventions aimed at maintaining the optimal level of occupational performance. The scientific basis of this direction is the idea of an integrated system of professional psychological and physiological adaptation in normal conditions, in condition of pre-pathology and pathology. Psychophysiological (professional and psychological) examination of specialists is an integral part of medical and psychological support, and presents a set of measures aimed at in-depth study of individual psychological characteristics of personality and evaluation of the specialists' organism functional reserves in the process of their occupational duties implementation to determine the conformity of their professionally important qualities to the requirements of specific occupational activity.
医疗和心理支持的本质是对专家的功能和精神状态的持续监测,以及旨在保持最佳职业表现水平的心理健康干预系统。这一方向的科学基础是在正常状态、病理前状态和病理状态下的专业心理和生理适应的综合系统的思想。专家的心理(专业和心理)检查是医疗和心理支助的一个组成部分。并提出了一套旨在深入研究人格个体心理特征和评价专家在履行职业职责过程中的机体功能储备的措施,以确定其专业重要素质是否符合特定职业活动的要求。
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引用次数: 1
НЕТЕПЛОВЫЕ ЭФФЕКТЫ ИЗЛУЧЕНИЯ МОБИЛЬНОГО ТЕЛЕФОНА НА ГОЛОВНОЙ МОЗГ 手机辐射对大脑的非热效应
Pub Date : 2015-12-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-4-16-19
А. В. Бабалян, А. О. Карелин
This article gives a review of major experimental studies devoted to the effect of mobile phone electromagnetic emission on brain. The most relevant and fundamental studies were reviewed. Both positive and negative results were analyzed to give a straight answer, if mobile phone emission effects brain electrophysiology, cognitive function, subjective symptoms and blood-brain barrier permeability.
本文综述了手机电磁辐射对大脑影响的主要实验研究。回顾了最相关和最基础的研究。手机辐射是否影响脑电生理、认知功能、主观症状和血脑屏障通透性,对阳性和阴性结果进行了分析,给出了一个直接的答案。
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引用次数: 1
ГЕМОРРОЙ И БЕРЕМЕННОСТЬ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ О ЛЕЧЕНИИ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКЕ 痔疮和怀孕:治疗和预防的现代观点
Pub Date : 2015-09-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-3-37-39
Станислав Викторович Васильев, Д. Е. Попов, А. И. Недозимованый, Ольга Сергеевна Соколова
This article discusses issues related to the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical, prevention and treatment of hemorrhoids in pregnant and postpartum women. The evaluation of the need for and effectiveness of preventive treatment of exacerbations of hemorrhoids during pregnancy and the early postpartum period, pre-development of optimal efficiency and safety of treatments for hemorrhoids exacerbations during pregnancy. Applications submitted treatments and prevention can significantly reduce the risk of acute hemorrhoids and reduce terms of relief of symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women.
本文就孕妇和产后妇女痔疮的病因、发病机制、临床、预防和治疗等问题进行探讨。评估妊娠期和产后早期痔疮加重预防治疗的必要性和有效性,预先制定妊娠期痔疮加重治疗的最佳效率和安全性。申请提交的治疗和预防可以显著降低急性痔疮的风险,并减少孕妇和产后妇女的症状缓解期限。
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引用次数: 0
ВЛИЯНИЕ ДОФАМИНА ПЛАЗМЫ НА УРОВЕНЬ АЛЬФА-СИНУКЛЕИНА Ш45+-КЛЕТОК КРОВИ ПРИ БОЛЕЗНИ ПАРКИНСОНА 多巴胺对帕金森氏症患者s45 +血细胞水平的影响
Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-2-14-17
П. А. Андоскин, А. К. Емельянов, Михаил Алексеевич Николаев, К. А. Сенкевич, В. П. Шилин, А. А. Тимофеева, А. Ф. Якимовский, Софья Николаевна Пчелина
Metabolic impairment of alpha-synuclein protein is considered to be the central event in PDpathogenesis. Recent studies explored usage of alpha-synuclein in peripheral fluids as a biomarker of PD, however alpha-synuclein level in the CSF and plasma is considered to be affected by hemolysis. In order to avoid contamination of a lymphocyte fraction by erythrocytes, we have proposed an algorithm based on measurements of alpha-synuclein levels in the homogeneous CD45+ cell blood fraction. For this study we formed a group of PD patients (N=14) and a control group without the neurological disorders (N=17). We found an increase in the level of the total alpha-synuclein in CD45+ cells of PD patients compared to controls (p = 0,04), and revealed a direct correlation between the level of dopamine in plasma and level of total alpha-synuclein in CD45+ cells in the control group (r=0,71, p = 0,007).The level of alpha-synuclein in CD45+ cells could be suggested as possible PD biomarker.
α -突触核蛋白的代谢损伤被认为是pd发病的中心事件。最近的研究探索了外周液体中α -突触核蛋白作为PD的生物标志物的使用,然而脑脊液和血浆中的α -突触核蛋白水平被认为受到溶血的影响。为了避免红细胞对淋巴细胞部分的污染,我们提出了一种基于测量均质CD45+细胞血液部分α -突触核蛋白水平的算法。在本研究中,我们分为PD患者组(N=14)和无神经系统疾病的对照组(N=17)。我们发现PD患者CD45+细胞中总α -synuclein水平较对照组增加(p = 0,04),并揭示了对照组血浆多巴胺水平与CD45+细胞中总α -synuclein水平之间的直接相关性(r=0,71, p = 0,007)。α -突触核蛋白在CD45+细胞中的表达水平可能作为PD的生物标志物。
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引用次数: 1
Преимущества применения колориметрических экспресс-методов для установления наличия слюны в пятнах, следах и участках на вещественных доказательствах 使用彩色快照技术的好处是,在物证上的污渍、痕迹和痕迹中发现唾液。
Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-2-73-75
В. Л. Сидоров, О. Д. Ягмуров, А. В. Коноваленко
Проведен анализ опыта как отечественных, так и зарубежных авторов по применению методик установления наличия слюны на вещественных доказательств. Представлены две колориметрические модификации методик, предназначенных для ориентировочного установления наличия слюны в пятнах, следах и участках на вещественных доказательствах. Предложенная нами модификация сопровождается фотометрическим учетом и компьютерной обработкой результатов. Широко раскрываются производительность, объективность, а также другие возможности и преимущества данных методов при использовании их в судебно-медицинской практике.
对国内外作者使用唾液证据方法的经验进行了分析。有两种颜色的修改,旨在确定物证上的污渍、痕迹和区域是否有唾液。我们提出的修改伴随着光度学考虑和计算机处理结果。在法医学实践中,生产率、客观性以及其他应用这些方法的机会和好处被广泛揭示。
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引用次数: 0
НАУЧНОЕ ОБОСНОВАНИЕ СТРУКТУРЫ, ОБЪЕМА И ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ СПЕЦИАЛИЗИРОВАННОЙ ПОЛИКЛИНИЧЕСКОЙ ПОМОЩИ АМБУЛАТОРНО-КОНСУЛЬТАТИВНОГО ОТДЕЛЕНИЯ МАРИИНСКОЙ БОЛЬНИЦЫ 马里恩医院门诊咨询办公室专门多临床援助的结构、体积和资金的科学依据
Pub Date : 2015-06-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-2-10-13
E. Kutyrev, N. I. Vishnyakov, O. V. Emelyanov, L. A. Ineshina
With the development of technologies, and discovery of new methods of diagnostics and treatment of diseases, a shift of the disease towards chronic disease is observed. Growth in prosperity will increase average life expectancy and mean age of population. Year after year, the elderly sector grows, with several chronic diseases per person. This is especially true for St. Petersburg, where 25 % of the populations of over working age. Thus, the demand for specialized medical care, particularly outpatient, will increase. Given that outpatient care is more profitable than hospital care, particular attention should be paid to its organization and expansion (increase in area, number of personnel, logistics, and so on). The article attempts to analyze changes in the volume of specialized outpatient medical care delivered at the outpatient Advisory Department of St. Petersburg state establishment of healthcare Mariinsky hospital in the period from 2008 through 2013.
随着技术的发展和疾病诊断和治疗新方法的发现,人们观察到这种疾病向慢性病的转变。繁荣的增长将提高平均预期寿命和人口的平均年龄。年复一年,老年人群体在增长,人均患有几种慢性病。圣彼得堡尤其如此,那里25%的人口超过了工作年龄。因此,对专科医疗特别是门诊的需求将会增加。鉴于门诊比住院更有利可图,应特别注意门诊的组织和扩展(面积、人员数量、后勤等方面的增加)。本文试图分析圣彼得堡国立卫生保健马林斯基医院门诊咨询部2008年至2013年期间专科门诊医疗服务的变化。
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引用次数: 0
Practical recommendations for the prevention of surgical complications related to the procedure of the interalveolar osteotomy 预防牙槽间截骨手术并发症的实用建议
S. G. Ananyan, A. Zakaryan, M. V. Gun'ko, S. Gvetadze
The article examines possible medical errors during the interalveolar osteotomy that may negatively affect the effectiveness of the treatment. It also analyses the basic techniques that provide adequate vitality of the tissues in the place of surgery. It also demonstrates the necessity of the reconstruction of the full thickness of the gum in order to achieve long-term esthetic results in the area of dental implantation.
本文探讨了在牙槽间截骨术中可能出现的医疗错误,这些错误可能会对治疗的有效性产生负面影响。分析了为手术部位组织提供足够活力的基本技术。这也证明了重建全厚度牙龈的必要性,以达到长期美观的效果,在种植区域。
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引用次数: 0
ВАРИАНТЫ КОГНИТИВНОГО ДЕФИЦИТА В ЗАВИСИМОСТИ ОТ КЛИНИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ПАРАНОИДНОЙ ШИЗОФРЕНИЕЙ 认知缺陷的选择取决于偏执型精神分裂症患者的临床特征。
Pub Date : 2015-03-30 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-1-51-53
Гульфия Гадилевна Лебедева, Елена Рудольфовна Исаева
Pecific aspects of cognitive impairments in patients with paranoid schizophrenia depending on the clinical characteristics of the disease have been studied. One hundred and thirty patients were examined. A clinico-psychological, experimental psychological and statistical methods were used. Three main types of cognitive deficiency with paranoid schizophrenia, associated with the onset, disease duration, and severity of psychiatric symptomology : 1) long-term course of the disease accompanied by the average level of clinical symptomology associated with abnormal attention and visuospatial functions; 2) late onset of the disease and unexpressed clinical symptomology combined with memory impairments; 3) acute onset and early age combined with the absence of cognitive impairments.
偏执型精神分裂症患者认知障碍的具体方面取决于该疾病的临床特征。对130名患者进行了检查。采用临床心理学、实验心理学和统计学方法。偏执型精神分裂症认知缺陷的三种主要类型及其与发病、病程和精神症状严重程度的关系:1)长期病程伴临床症状平均水平,伴注意和视觉空间功能异常;2)发病晚,临床症状不明确并伴有记忆障碍;3)急性发病,年龄早,并无认知障碍。
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引用次数: 3
СРАВНИТЕЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ АДАПТАЦИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ШИЗОТИПИЧЕСКИМ РАССТРОЙСТВОМ И ПАРАНОИДНОЙ ШИЗОФРЕНИЕЙ 精神分裂和偏执型精神分裂症患者的心理适应比较分析
Pub Date : 2015-03-01 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-1-47-50
А.В. Степанова
The purpose of this research was the comparing of psychological adaptation characteristics (type of attitude to a disease, psychological defense mechanisms, special aspects of coping-strategy) as exemplified by 2 groups of schizophrenia disorder patients: 1) schizotypal disorders (F-21 according to ICD-10); 2) paranoid schizophrenia (F-20 according to ICD-10). The authors arrived at the conclusion of the same nature if special aspects of psychological adaptation in the groups compared. At the same time, both groups compared showed imbalance of «the level of success» between individual characteristics constituting the module of psychological adaptation. This circumstance testifies to the fact that psychological adaptation in the patients with schizophrenic disorders should be evaluated on a case- bycase basis. In conclusion, the study revealed the necessity to take into consideration of these characteristics during rehabilitation of these patients.
本研究的目的是比较两组精神分裂症患者的心理适应特征(对疾病的态度类型、心理防御机制、应对策略的特殊方面):1)分裂型障碍(ICD-10 F-21);2)偏执型精神分裂症(根据ICD-10的F-20)。作者得出结论,如果在特殊方面的心理适应的群体进行比较相同的性质。同时,两组比较显示了构成心理适应模块的个体特征之间的“成功水平”的不平衡。这种情况证明,精神分裂症患者的心理适应情况应根据具体情况进行评估。总之,本研究揭示了在这些患者的康复过程中考虑这些特征的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
ВОЗМОЖНОСТИ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ СОСТОЯНИЙ СОЕДИНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ТКАНИ 结缔组织状态实验室评估能力
Pub Date : 2015-01-01 DOI: 10.24884/1607-4181-2015-22-2-37-41
Гелена Анатольевна Березовская, В. Л. Эмануэль
This article deals with the possibilities of laboratory assessment of the state of the connective tissue. It contains brief information about its structure, functions and roles of the various components in the development of pathological processes, and provides laboratory diagnostic methods of these changes.
本文讨论了结缔组织状态的实验室评估的可能性。它包含了它的结构,功能和各种成分在病理过程发展中的作用的简要信息,并提供了这些变化的实验室诊断方法。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Ucenye Zapiski SanktPeterburgskogo Gosudarstvennogo Medicinskogo Universiteta im Akad IP Pavlova
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