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Social Capital and Civic Engagement in Times Of Tension: An Evidence from Interethnic Relation Developed in Stella Maris Credit Union Pontianak, West Kalimantan 紧张时期的社会资本与公民参与:来自西加里曼丹蓬蒂亚纳克Stella Maris信用社发展的种族关系的证据
Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v9i1.1414
Alanuari Alanuari, M. I. Ahnaf
This paper begins by questioning the sustainability of civic engagement with the notion of ‘social capital’ as the key concept of Peace and Conflict Studies. The main question is: to what extent does socio-political tension affect forms of civic engagement? This paper examines interethnic relations (Dayak, Malay, Chinese, and Javanese) developed in the Stella Maris Credit Union (SMCU) in Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia under the context of ethnic tension. SMCU is a microfinance association where people with various backgrounds (religion, race, and ethnicity) interact in an economic community, sharing benefits and values. In the beginning, SMCU was initiated as an economic program of Stella Maris Catholic Church in North Pontianak. This church did not only serve the church members, but also for all ethnicities and religions through Pontianak. As a site drastically impacted by ethnic conflict in the post-Suharto era, Pontianak recently has been growing as a city of ethnic diversity. However, the recent rise of ethnic tension has contested this growing multiethnic coexistence. It is important to see the strength of civic engagement in responding to issues of conflict in a multiethnic society. This study explores SMCU members and their personal experiences, wondering whether the tension may or may not affect the forms of civic engagement. It argues civic engagement can sustain under the moment of socio-political tension. Developing economy and peace education are the main reasons for interethnic relations among SMCU members. Moreover, although there are treats for the plural society, experiencing diversity in the form of associational and neighborhood relations contributes to social coexistence. This study finds that forms of civic engagement among the members shape expressions and attitudes of resilience in facing social tension.
本文首先以“社会资本”的概念作为和平与冲突研究的关键概念,质疑公民参与的可持续性。主要问题是:社会政治紧张在多大程度上影响公民参与的形式?本文考察了在种族紧张的背景下,在印度尼西亚西加里曼丹蓬蒂亚纳克的Stella Maris信用合作社(SMCU)发展起来的种族间关系(达亚克语、马来语、汉语和爪哇语)。SMCU是一个小额金融协会,不同背景(宗教、种族和民族)的人在经济社区中互动,分享利益和价值观。起初,SMCU是作为北庞蒂亚纳克Stella Maris天主教会的一个经济项目发起的。这座教堂不仅为教会成员服务,而且通过蓬蒂亚纳克为所有种族和宗教服务。作为一个在后苏哈托时代受到种族冲突严重影响的地方,蓬蒂亚纳克最近已经成长为一个种族多样性的城市。然而,最近种族紧张局势的加剧对这种日益增长的多民族共存提出了质疑。重要的是要看到公民参与在多民族社会中应对冲突问题的力量。本研究探讨了SMCU成员及其个人经历,想知道这种紧张关系是否会影响公民参与的形式。它认为,公民参与可以在社会政治紧张的时刻持续下去。发展经济和和平教育是造成SMCU成员之间种族关系的主要原因。此外,尽管有多元社会的待遇,但以结社和邻里关系的形式体验多样性有助于社会共存。本研究发现,成员之间的公民参与形式塑造了在面对社会紧张时的韧性表达和态度。
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引用次数: 1
Why Indonesia Prefers A Mono-Religious Education Model? A Durkhemian Perspective 为什么印尼更喜欢单一宗教的教育模式?杜尔希米亚视角
Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v9i1.1555
M. Yusuf
This work aims to investigate the preference of the Indonesian for a specific type of religious education model, and to provide a theoretical understanding of this preference. In particular, this study aims to answer two research questions: How do Indonesian practice mono-religious education model? How should this practice be understood from Durkheim’s concept of mechanical solidarity? Three models of ethnographical study were conducted to answer the research questions: Analysing the state’s law on education, particularly with regard to religious education, in-depth interviews with school’ managers (Kepala Sekolah) and religious education teachers as well as the students. This study found that Indonesia prefers a mono-religious education model, as shown in the State's laws on education and the practice of religious education in schools. Unlike previous studies that mainly describe the practice of certain model of religious education, this study offers conceptual understanding of the practice of religious education by Durkheim's notions of mechanical solidarity. The mono-religious model is a social fact because it consists of the norms and values that are practised by and commonly found in all members of society. Comparative studies on the practice of religious education in Muslim countries might be needed as this mono-religious education model is a common practice by Muslim societies.
这项工作旨在调查印尼人对特定类型宗教教育模式的偏好,并对这种偏好提供理论理解。特别是,本研究旨在回答两个研究问题:印尼如何实践单一宗教教育模式?如何从涂尔干的机械团结概念中理解这种做法?为了回答研究问题,进行了三种民族志研究模式:分析该州的教育法,特别是宗教教育法,深入采访学校管理人员(Kepala Sekolah)、宗教教育教师和学生。这项研究发现,印度尼西亚更喜欢单一宗教的教育模式,正如该国关于教育和学校宗教教育实践的法律所示。与以往主要描述特定宗教教育模式实践的研究不同,本研究通过涂尔干的机械团结概念对宗教教育实践进行了概念理解。单一宗教模式是一个社会事实,因为它由社会所有成员所实践和普遍存在的规范和价值观组成。可能需要对穆斯林国家的宗教教育实践进行比较研究,因为这种单一宗教的教育模式是穆斯林社会的常见做法。
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引用次数: 5
The Myth of Religious “Radicalism” 宗教“激进主义”的神话
Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v9i1.1546
Amanah Nurish
This work examines an academic exposure on the issues of religious radicalism increasing globally not only in the West but also in the east countries. As a majority Muslim populated country, Indonesia is one of the reluctant examples in facing the problem of religious radicalism. In addition, this research paper examines the term of “radicalism” politically associated with extremism and terrorism. The primary issue is explicitly addressed to religious radicalism in terms of meaning and image. Hence, we perceive that religious radicalism can be understood as mainstream feature on religious behavior including religious actions leading to the steps of violent extremism or terrorism. Religious radicalism today is massively defined as a negative rather than positive connotation. Such glimpse traps us to be “narrow minded” in perceiving the role as well as the holy spirit of religions. Therefore, the critical questions of this research paper include what happens with the framing of religious radicalism today; How is the historical narration of radicalism; and is it a problem when someone being radical to practice and understand religions or beliefs. Lastly, how philosophical meanings of the word radicalism alone response such debate. However, the general terminology of religious radicalism has led significant social, political, and cultural impacts toward religious harmony and religious life particularly in Indonesian context.
这项工作考察了宗教激进主义问题在全球范围内的学术曝光,不仅在西方,而且在东方国家。作为一个穆斯林人口占多数的国家,印度尼西亚是一个不情愿面对宗教激进主义问题的例子。此外,本文还探讨了“激进主义”一词在政治上与极端主义和恐怖主义的关联。主要问题是在意义和形象方面明确针对宗教激进主义。因此,我们认为宗教激进主义可以被理解为宗教行为的主流特征,包括导致暴力极端主义或恐怖主义的宗教行为。今天的宗教激进主义被广泛地定义为消极的内涵,而不是积极的内涵。这样的一瞥使我们在认识宗教的作用和圣灵时陷入了“狭隘”。因此,本研究论文的关键问题包括:今天宗教激进主义的框架发生了什么;激进主义的历史叙事如何;当有人激进地实践和理解宗教或信仰时,这是一个问题吗?最后,“激进主义”一词的哲学意义如何回应这样的争论。然而,宗教激进主义的一般术语对宗教和谐和宗教生活产生了重大的社会、政治和文化影响,特别是在印度尼西亚的背景下。
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引用次数: 6
The Borneo Islamic Heritage and The Significance of Idahan Jawi Manuscript 婆罗洲伊斯兰遗产与伊达汗·贾维手稿的意义
Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v9i1.1597
S. Sintang, R. Onga, Siti Aidah Hj Lukin, Asmady Idris
Borneo Island is the third largest island in the world, rich in natural resources, biodiversity and cultural diversity. The uniqueness of Borneo is that it is home to three countries; Malaysia, Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam, each with their own valuable cultural heritage. One of the unique aspects of the Borneo archipelago is the shared wealth of civilizations derived from the dissemination of Islam. Treasures known as the “Borneo Islamic Heritage" are not only valuable as cultural artefacts that need to be preserved, but they can also be elevated and commercialised as regional economic drivers. This paper discusses the Idahan manuscript written in Jawi script as one of the treasures of Islamic intellectual legacy in Borneo. The method of study is based on content analysis which depicts the descriptive history of the discovery of the Idahan Jawi manuscript. This manuscript not only serves as evidence of the early embrace of Islam in Sabah, but also as a reference to matters pertaining to religion and the laws of Islamic jurisprudence. This factor leads the Idahan community be considered as the first native people embracing Islam at the east coast of Sabah. The contribution of this study is to enhance understanding of the development of Islamic heritage in Borneo Island and to inculcate the spirit of solidarity among the people living in the region.
婆罗洲岛是世界第三大岛,拥有丰富的自然资源、生物多样性和文化多样性。婆罗洲的独特之处在于它有三个国家;马来西亚、印度尼西亚和文莱达鲁萨兰国,各自拥有宝贵的文化遗产。婆罗洲群岛的一个独特方面是伊斯兰教传播所带来的共同文明财富。被称为“婆罗洲伊斯兰遗产”的宝藏“不仅作为需要保存的文物很有价值,而且它们还可以作为地区经济驱动因素被提升和商业化。本文讨论了用爪哇文书写的Idahan手稿,它是婆罗洲伊斯兰知识遗产的瑰宝之一。研究方法基于内容分析,该分析描绘了Idah发现的描述性历史爪哇人的手稿。这份手稿不仅是沙巴早期信奉伊斯兰教的证据,也是与宗教和伊斯兰法学有关的问题的参考。这一因素导致Idahan社区被认为是沙巴东海岸第一批信奉伊斯兰教的原住民。这项研究的贡献是增进对婆罗洲岛伊斯兰遗产发展的了解,并在该地区人民中灌输团结精神。
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引用次数: 1
Music in The Liturgy of The Catholic Community in Jakarta, Indonesia 印度尼西亚雅加达天主教团体礼仪中的音乐
Pub Date : 2020-06-08 DOI: 10.24260/alalbab.v9i1.1542
A. Sihombing
This article discusses music in the Catholic liturgy in Jakarta, Indonesia in the postmodern era within the context of the autonomy of the Catholic Church. The Indonesian Catholic Church is an independent and autonomous church where liturgical music is a form of original artistic expression. However, in practice, the majority of Catholics in Indonesia view the liturgical celebration as uninteresting and dull. Conversely, pop music has increasingly influenced liturgical music. This reality is discussed and analyzed specifically in regards to liturgical music that experiences contextual data inference, especially in the specific cultural contexts of the community. The data analysis shows, in perception of Catholics in Jakarta, the role of liturgical music in worship is not homogeneous, but rather depends on the educational background, attention from Pastors of the Parish, cultural factors, and individual past experiences. For the most part, the level of understanding regarding the nature and important position of liturgical music in religious holy celebrations is low. Most consider that all music is the same and can therefore be used in the liturgy. Music is considered only a complement to enhance religious celebrations. In this context, the government and the Indonesian Catholic Church established the Catholic Church Choir Development Institute (LP3K) as a forum for fostering Catholics in Indonesia in the liturgical field and discussing issues related to music. This article confirms that the position of the liturgical music is crucial and has an irreplaceable significance in the liturgy, and the two are inextricably woven to each other.
本文在天主教会自治的背景下,探讨后现代印尼雅加达天主教礼拜仪式中的音乐。印尼天主教会是一个独立和自治的教堂,礼拜音乐是一种独创的艺术表达形式。然而,在实践中,印尼的大多数天主教徒认为礼拜仪式的庆祝活动乏味乏味。相反,流行音乐对礼拜音乐的影响越来越大。这一现实是针对经历上下文数据推理的礼拜音乐进行讨论和分析的,特别是在社区的特定文化背景下。数据分析显示,在雅加达天主教徒的认知中,礼拜音乐在礼拜中的作用并不单一,而是取决于教育背景、教区牧师的关注、文化因素和个人过去的经历。在大多数情况下,人们对礼拜音乐在宗教神圣庆典中的性质和重要地位的理解水平很低。大多数人认为所有的音乐都是一样的,因此可以在礼拜仪式中使用。音乐被认为只是加强宗教庆祝活动的一种补充。在这种背景下,政府和印度尼西亚天主教会成立了天主教会合唱团发展研究所(LP3K),作为在印尼礼拜领域培养天主教徒并讨论与音乐相关问题的论坛。本文认为,礼仪音乐在礼仪中的地位至关重要,具有不可替代的意义,二者密不可分。
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引用次数: 0
The Sasak People of Lombok: Indigenous Communities at The Crossroads of Globalization 龙目岛的萨萨克人:全球化十字路口的土著社区
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V8I2.1416
Ahmad Salehudin
This article focuses on changes that have taken place among Lombok’s indigenous communities, including Sasak Bayan, Sasak Sade, and Sasak Ende. This study found that in the context of thick globalization where information technology is the driving force, the indigenous communities are no longer as the objects of the global cultural market. Instead, they are given the freedom to choose and sort out values that they consider good and appropriate with their needs. In addition, they also exercise the freedom of expression. However, the problem lies in the fact that their choices and ways of expressions are quite often violating old loyalties they have agreed. The communities of Sasak Bayan, Sasak Sade and Sasak Ende provide important information on how indigenous communities respond creatively to globalization based on their needs.
本文主要关注龙目岛土著社区发生的变化,包括Sasak Bayan、Sasak Sade和Sasak Ende。本研究发现,在以资讯科技为动力的深度全球化背景下,原住民社群不再是全球文化市场的客体。相反,他们被赋予了选择和整理他们认为好的、适合他们需要的价值观的自由。此外,他们还行使言论自由。然而,问题在于,他们的选择和表达方式往往违背了他们已经同意的旧忠诚。Sasak Bayan、Sasak Sade和Sasak Ende社区提供了关于土著社区如何根据自身需求创造性地应对全球化的重要信息。
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引用次数: 1
The Concept of Peace in Islam and Its Relevance to International Relations 伊斯兰教的和平理念及其与国际关系的关系
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V8I2.1218
Rizki Dian Nursita, Ahmad Sahide
Islam is often described as a religion that emphasizes the use of violence in its da'wah method. The stereotype is formed by a number of literature and media that depicted Islam as a religion of violence. This paper aims to analyze the causes of stereotype against Islam, and provides an overview of the concept of peace in Islamic perspective, and seek the relevance of the concept of peace in Islam to the study of conflict and peace in international relations. Through some literature research, the author finds that the stereotype is caused by the gap in the discourse on war and peace in Islam, thus the discourse related to the peace in Islam needs to be buzzed. Unlike the two mainstreams in International Relation Studies (Realism and Idealism), al-Quran, as the primary source of Islamic teaching, describes that a human is basically both keen to cooperate and prone to conflict, and favoring to managing the conflict through peaceful settlement. Three terms-as-silmu, as-shulhu, and al-amanu are used to conceptualize the three levels of peace in the Quranic perspective.
伊斯兰教经常被描述为一种强调在da'wah方法中使用暴力的宗教。这种刻板印象是由许多将伊斯兰教描绘成暴力宗教的文学和媒体形成的。本文旨在分析对伊斯兰教刻板印象的原因,并从伊斯兰的角度概述和平概念,寻求伊斯兰和平概念与国际关系中冲突与和平研究的相关性。通过一些文献研究,作者发现,这种刻板印象是由伊斯兰教中关于战争与和平的话语空白造成的,因此,与伊斯兰教中的和平有关的话语需要引起轰动。与国际关系研究的两种主流(现实主义和唯心主义)不同,《古兰经》作为伊斯兰教学的主要来源,描述了一个人基本上既热衷于合作,又容易发生冲突,并倾向于通过和平解决来管理冲突。从古兰经的角度来看,silmu、shulhu和al-amanu这三个术语被用来概念化和平的三个层面。
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引用次数: 4
Contestation between Puritan Islam and Kejawen in the Urban Yogyakarta of Indonesia 印尼日惹城市中清教徒伊斯兰教与金戈威德民兵的冲突
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V8I2.1460
M. Arifin, I. Abdullah, Atik Tri Ratnawati
Tensions between Puritan Islam and Kejawen Islam have never been resolved, despite various accommodation efforts. The ongoing contestation of the two traditions in Islam in Yogyakarta is because both always maintain strict cultural boundaries through symbols that represent their respective identities, be it in religious, art, cultural, economic and political practices. This study focuses on three aspects: (1) the form of representation of the contestation between Islam and Tradition (Kejawen) in the city of Yogyakarta; (2) the historical and cultural context which is the basis for the contestation between Islam and tradition; and (3) how the contestation between Islam and the Kejawen tradition is managed by each community in an effort to minimize the occurrence of social conflict between the two. Through these three aspects, this research aims to offer a new perspective in viewing the dialectical relations between Puritan Islam and Javanese (Kejawen) tradition contextually. The contestation between the Islamic tradition and the Kejawen tradition continued because of historical, political and global currents that provided space for both traditions to build their respective cultural identities.
尽管做出了各种通融努力,但清教徒伊斯兰教和凯戈温派伊斯兰教之间的紧张关系从未得到解决。日惹伊斯兰教中这两种传统的持续争论是因为无论是在宗教、艺术、文化、经济和政治实践中,两者都始终通过代表各自身份的符号来保持严格的文化界限。本研究主要集中在三个方面:(1)日惹市伊斯兰教与传统(金戈威德)之争的表现形式;(2) 历史文化语境是伊斯兰教与传统之争的基础;以及(3)每个社区如何管理伊斯兰教和金戈威德民兵传统之间的争论,以尽量减少两者之间社会冲突的发生。通过这三个方面,本研究旨在提供一个新的视角来看待清教徒伊斯兰教与爪哇传统之间的辩证关系。伊斯兰传统和金戈威德传统之间的争论仍在继续,因为历史、政治和全球潮流为这两种传统提供了建立各自文化特征的空间。
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引用次数: 5
The Discourse of Spirituality Versus Religiosity in Islam 伊斯兰教的精神性与宗教性话语
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V8I2.1284
Idi Warsah, I. Imron
This article discusses spirituality and religiosity. Spirituality and religiosity are two of the most basic aspects of mentality and human belief, which according to most people are the goal of human existence in the world. These two terms are widely understood by people as something that has the same meaning and understanding. But actually has a different meaning. Spirituality is an experience or desire to know God that is done personally by seeing things deeper, substantially and seeking real understanding. Whereas religiosity is the appreciation and experience of individuals towards the teachings of religion or the beliefs they hold. Therefore, in essence, religiosity is a pattern of values, beliefs, symbols, behavior and experience that is institutionalized, which is directed at spirituality. In this case religiosity is actually a means of achieving spirituality.
这篇文章讨论了灵性和宗教性。精神性和宗教性是人类心理和信仰的两个最基本的方面,大多数人认为这是人类在世界上存在的目标。这两个术语被人们广泛理解为具有相同的含义和理解。但实际上有不同的含义。灵性是一种认识上帝的体验或渴望,是通过更深入、更实质性地观察事物并寻求真正的理解来实现的。而宗教虔诚则是个人对宗教教义或信仰的欣赏和体验。因此,从本质上讲,宗教性是一种制度化的价值观、信仰、符号、行为和经验的模式,它指向灵性。在这种情况下,虔诚实际上是实现灵性的一种手段。
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引用次数: 5
Religious Values and Aspects of Teacher Empowerment Management 宗教价值观与教师授权管理的各个方面
Pub Date : 2019-12-30 DOI: 10.24260/ALALBAB.V8I2.1387
Imron Muttaqin, A. Panaemalae
This article describes the religious values and aspects of teacher empowerment based on self-actualization theory. Literature studies was conducted, relevant research published on the online journal identified using Mendeley and Google Scholar Database. The study selection, data extraction and synthesis were carried independently. Thematic analysis was used to summarize religious values and aspects. The findings reveal religious values on the teacher empowerment based on self-actualization theory are religious, social, professional, humanist, kinship, and cooperation values. And there are six religious aspects in this theory; Ideological/aqeedah aspect, syari’ah, experiential, intellectual, professional, responsibility and harmony aspects. The implications of this study suggest effectively and harmony of all religious values and aspects for empowering teacher
本文以自我实现理论为基础,阐述了教师赋权的宗教价值观和方面。进行了文献研究,相关研究发表在网上期刊上,使用Mendeley和谷歌学者数据库进行鉴定。研究选择、数据提取和合成是独立进行的。专题分析用于总结宗教价值观和方面。研究结果表明,基于自我实现理论的教师赋权的宗教价值观包括宗教价值观、社会价值观、职业价值观、人文价值观、亲情价值观和合作价值观。这一理论有六个宗教方面;思想/道德方面、syari'ah、经验、智力、专业、责任和和谐方面。本研究的启示表明,有效地协调所有宗教价值观和方面,赋予教师权力
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引用次数: 2
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AlAlbab
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