Ghofrane Jmii, R. Haouala, Samir Gharsallaoui, I. Chaieb, A. Laarif
Repellency and insecticidal activities of Thapsia garganica leaf methanolic extract were investigated against Tribolium castaneum, Myzus persicae, Phthorimaea operculella, and Spodoptera littoralis. Repellency and toxic activities (by ingestion and topical application) were evaluated on T. castaneum nymphs and adults. Topical application treatment caused total larval growth inhibition at 10%, until mortality after 7 days. The highest mortality was recorded with 94% at the same concentration. Methanolic extracts incorporation into T. castaneum larvae artificial diet at 10% caused 100% mortality after 3 days. The extract at 1% cause high repellent effect on T. castaneum after 60 min of exposure, while M. persicae was less sensitive. P. operculella female’s showed sensitivity by a repellent effect at oviposition. Egg’s number laid on treated tubers at 1% and 2% decreased significantly to 32% and 72%, respectively. In addition, methanolic extracts had a preventive effect on P. operculella larval penetration. In fact, the number of larvae was reduced by 30.46% and 76.12% in the treated tubers at 1% and 2%, respectively. For S. littoralis, a low antifeeding effect was recorded. However, the relative growth rate (RGR), conversion of ingested and digested food to biomass, were decreased. The approximate digestibility increased. Moreover, a delay in larval development was observed. This study suggests that the leaf extract of T. garganica could be applied as bio-insecticide.
{"title":"Repellency and insecticidal activities of Thapsia garganica crude extract against some important pests","authors":"Ghofrane Jmii, R. Haouala, Samir Gharsallaoui, I. Chaieb, A. Laarif","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.17.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Repellency and insecticidal activities of Thapsia garganica leaf methanolic extract were investigated against Tribolium castaneum, Myzus persicae, Phthorimaea operculella, and Spodoptera littoralis. Repellency and toxic activities (by ingestion and topical application) were evaluated on T. castaneum nymphs and adults. Topical application treatment caused total larval growth inhibition at 10%, until mortality after 7 days. The highest mortality was recorded with 94% at the same concentration. Methanolic extracts incorporation into T. castaneum larvae artificial diet at 10% caused 100% mortality after 3 days. The extract at 1% cause high repellent effect on T. castaneum after 60 min of exposure, while M. persicae was less sensitive. P. operculella female’s showed sensitivity by a repellent effect at oviposition. Egg’s number laid on treated tubers at 1% and 2% decreased significantly to 32% and 72%, respectively. In addition, methanolic extracts had a preventive effect on P. operculella larval penetration. In fact, the number of larvae was reduced by 30.46% and 76.12% in the treated tubers at 1% and 2%, respectively. For S. littoralis, a low antifeeding effect was recorded. However, the relative growth rate (RGR), conversion of ingested and digested food to biomass, were decreased. The approximate digestibility increased. Moreover, a delay in larval development was observed. This study suggests that the leaf extract of T. garganica could be applied as bio-insecticide.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43593878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Soltani, S. Haouel-Hamdi, Insaf Ajmi, M. Ben Abada, Tasnim Djebbi, Hadhami Chargui, Imen Mathlouthi, Amina Laabidi, H. Mahmoudi, Jouda MediouniBen Jemâa
This work studied the fumigant toxicity of free and encapsulated rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils against adults of the saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzeaphilus surinamensis) for three storage periods: 30, 45 and 60 days. Chitosan was used as encapsulation matrix. GC/MS analysis results showed that camphor and 1,8-cineole were the major components with respectively 18.04% and 39.67%. Mortality rates caused by the essential oils at 300 µL/L air after 10 days of storage were about 85.48%. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 124.80 µL/ L air. Encapsulation efficacy was 25.8% and loading capacity was 1.9%. Encapsulated essential oils achieved an efficacy of 82%, 100% and 100% respectively after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage. Reference treatment with Phosphine revealed a toxicity of 100%, 96% and 71% after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage respectively. Results showed that encapsulated essential oils caused a very slight modification on semolina properties. Protein contents decreased at the end of the storage period less than 1% (from 13.61% after 30 days to 12.91% after 60 days of storage). Encapsulated essential oils might be considered as an alternative fumigant control way for semolina without deterioration of its quality during storage.
{"title":"Assessing the insecticidal impact of rosemary essential oils on the saw-toothed grain beetle Oryzeaphilus surinamensis","authors":"A. Soltani, S. Haouel-Hamdi, Insaf Ajmi, M. Ben Abada, Tasnim Djebbi, Hadhami Chargui, Imen Mathlouthi, Amina Laabidi, H. Mahmoudi, Jouda MediouniBen Jemâa","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.17.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"This work studied the fumigant toxicity of free and encapsulated rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) essential oils against adults of the saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzeaphilus surinamensis) for three storage periods: 30, 45 and 60 days. Chitosan was used as encapsulation matrix. GC/MS analysis results showed that camphor and 1,8-cineole were the major components with respectively 18.04% and 39.67%. Mortality rates caused by the essential oils at 300 µL/L air after 10 days of storage were about 85.48%. The median lethal concentration (LC50) was 124.80 µL/ L air. Encapsulation efficacy was 25.8% and loading capacity was 1.9%. Encapsulated essential oils achieved an efficacy of 82%, 100% and 100% respectively after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage. Reference treatment with Phosphine revealed a toxicity of 100%, 96% and 71% after 30, 45 and 60 days of storage respectively. Results showed that encapsulated essential oils caused a very slight modification on semolina properties. Protein contents decreased at the end of the storage period less than 1% (from 13.61% after 30 days to 12.91% after 60 days of storage). Encapsulated essential oils might be considered as an alternative fumigant control way for semolina without deterioration of its quality during storage.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41507823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is a serious problem hampering tomato production worldwide. In the Mediterranean Basin, disease incidence and severity are higher in the dry season increasing whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) populations. Effectiveness of resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) depends on both tomato host resistance and TYLCV complex species. So far, six different Ty tomato resistance genes have been identified. Two main TYLCV complex species, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel (TYLCV-Is) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), have been identified in Tunisia. The present work aimed to evaluate entries heterozygous for Ty-2 gene to help predict hybrid performance. Two tomato entries homozygous for the Ty-2 TYLCV resistance gene, one tomato hybrid homozygous for Ty-2 and two heterozygous hybrids were included, besides two susceptible tomato entries. Resistance response to TYLCD was recorded based on disease incidence and severity levels. Data analysis was performed according to presence/absence of Ty-2 gene and taking into account homozygosity and heterozygosity of Ty-2. Generalized linear model analysis was applied to check significance of individual factors' effects (i.e. effect of tomato entries or tomato groups of entries based on presence or absence of homozygous/heterozygous Ty-2 gene, block unit within the field trial and the year of the trial) on the dependent variables (disease incidence and severity). Further multicomparison tests gave evidence on significant effect of Ty-2 homozygous gene tomato entries on TYLCD incidence and severity levels. The results were discussed with special focus on the relevance use of heterozygous hybrid tomato varieties.
{"title":"Behavior of new entries and developed tomato hybrids carrying Ty-2 genes","authors":"M. Elbaz, Monaam Timoumi, P. Hanson","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.17.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is a serious problem hampering tomato production worldwide. In the Mediterranean Basin, disease incidence and severity are higher in the dry season increasing whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) populations. Effectiveness of resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) depends on both tomato host resistance and TYLCV complex species. So far, six different Ty tomato resistance genes have been identified. Two main TYLCV complex species, Tomato yellow leaf curl virus-Israel (TYLCV-Is) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV), have been identified in Tunisia. The present work aimed to evaluate entries heterozygous for Ty-2 gene to help predict hybrid performance. Two tomato entries homozygous for the Ty-2 TYLCV resistance gene, one tomato hybrid homozygous for Ty-2 and two heterozygous hybrids were included, besides two susceptible tomato entries. Resistance response to TYLCD was recorded based on disease incidence and severity levels. Data analysis was performed according to presence/absence of Ty-2 gene and taking into account homozygosity and heterozygosity of Ty-2. Generalized linear model analysis was applied to check significance of individual factors' effects (i.e. effect of tomato entries or tomato groups of entries based on presence or absence of homozygous/heterozygous Ty-2 gene, block unit within the field trial and the year of the trial) on the dependent variables (disease incidence and severity). Further multicomparison tests gave evidence on significant effect of Ty-2 homozygous gene tomato entries on TYLCD incidence and severity levels. The results were discussed with special focus on the relevance use of heterozygous hybrid tomato varieties.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45139354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trials were conducted to test the hydrosols of 4 spontaneous plants on the date palm mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, a key pest of date palm in Algeria. Extracts from those plants (basil, harmel, colocynth and hyssop) tested against date palm mite showed promising results. The quantities of essential oils extracted from the 4 plants were extremely low, that is why only hydrosols were used. The results obtained change depending on the number of sprays and the reading time after treatment. The hyssop extract caused a high mortality rate of 91%, followed by colocynth and basil extracts with average mortality rates of 64% and 62%, respectively. The lowest mortality rate, 6%, occurred when applying harmel extract.
{"title":"Evaluation under Laboratory Conditions of the Efficacy of Four Extracts of Spontaneous Plants from the Mzab Valley (Algeria) against the Date Palm Mite (Oligonychus afrasiaticus)","authors":"Younes Babaz, O. Guezoul, N. Bouras","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.16.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.16.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Trials were conducted to test the hydrosols of 4 spontaneous plants on the date palm mite, Oligonychus afrasiaticus, a key pest of date palm in Algeria. Extracts from those plants (basil, harmel, colocynth and hyssop) tested against date palm mite showed promising results. The quantities of essential oils extracted from the 4 plants were extremely low, that is why only hydrosols were used. The results obtained change depending on the number of sprays and the reading time after treatment. The hyssop extract caused a high mortality rate of 91%, followed by colocynth and basil extracts with average mortality rates of 64% and 62%, respectively. The lowest mortality rate, 6%, occurred when applying harmel extract.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48377605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Selmi, T. Elbeaino, Lehad Arezki, Manel El Air, M. Digiaro, N. Mahfoudhi
The prevalence and the genetic diversity of grapevine virus D (GVD) isolates from rootstocks, wine and table grape varieties grown in Tunisia were studied. RT-PCR assays performed on the coat protein gene (CP) showed the presence of GVD in 31.5% of the 403 samples tested. The highest rate of infection was found in table grapes (56.5%), followed by autochthonous table grapes (24.1%), wine grapes (20.8%) and rootstocks (12.5%). Sequences and phylogenetic analyses of the partial CP genes 14 GVD isolates showed nucleotide identities that ranged from 84% to 99%. The Tunisian GVD-isolates segregated in 3 phylogenetic groups together with international isolates reported in GenBank. The present study extends our knowledge of the presence of GVD in Tunisian vines and on its genetic diversity, which is useful for developing broad-spectrum molecular diagnostics (RT-PCR) capable of detecting the different isolates infecting vines.
{"title":"Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Grapevine Virus D in Tunisia","authors":"I. Selmi, T. Elbeaino, Lehad Arezki, Manel El Air, M. Digiaro, N. Mahfoudhi","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.16.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.16.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence and the genetic diversity of grapevine virus D (GVD) isolates from rootstocks, wine and table grape varieties grown in Tunisia were studied. RT-PCR assays performed on the coat protein gene (CP) showed the presence of GVD in 31.5% of the 403 samples tested. The highest rate of infection was found in table grapes (56.5%), followed by autochthonous table grapes (24.1%), wine grapes (20.8%) and rootstocks (12.5%). Sequences and phylogenetic analyses of the partial CP genes 14 GVD isolates showed nucleotide identities that ranged from 84% to 99%. The Tunisian GVD-isolates segregated in 3 phylogenetic groups together with international isolates reported in GenBank. The present study extends our knowledge of the presence of GVD in Tunisian vines and on its genetic diversity, which is useful for developing broad-spectrum molecular diagnostics (RT-PCR) capable of detecting the different isolates infecting vines.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41512724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Bellatreche, S. Messgo-Moumene, Atika Guendouz-Ben Rima, I. Chaieb
The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pheromone traps of adults of Tuta absoluta in 4 potential tomato production areas in Algeria: Tipaza (Center), Mostaganem (West), Jijel (East) and Biskra (South), during the 2012-2014 campaigns. Two tomato greenhouses were considered for each zone in which, one was protected by the setup of pheromone traps and the other as an insecticide sprayed control. Tomato leaf samples were taken from each greenhouse, each month of each year according to the areas of studies to calculate the rates of infestation. Higher infestation rates were recorded in the greenhouses with local agricultural practices (control) compared with those protected by pheromone traps. With the use of the pheromone traps, a remarkable reduction affected the infestation of the greenhouses in the 4 studied areas during the years 2012 to 2014. The southern area seemed to be the most infested and at a least degree the areas of the West, the Center and the East, respectively. The temporal evolution of infestation rates showed an increase since January until July with June and July showing the higher infestation rates. These results showed the efficacy of trapping of T. absoluta males and the importance of their sustainable use in the integrated control system against this devastating insect in Algeria.
{"title":"Control of Tutaabsoluta using pheromone traps on tomato crops under greenhouse in Algeria","authors":"Mohamed Bellatreche, S. Messgo-Moumene, Atika Guendouz-Ben Rima, I. Chaieb","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.16.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.16.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of pheromone traps of adults of Tuta absoluta in 4 potential tomato production areas in Algeria: Tipaza (Center), Mostaganem (West), Jijel (East) and Biskra (South), during the 2012-2014 campaigns. Two tomato greenhouses were considered for each zone in which, one was protected by the setup of pheromone traps and the other as an insecticide sprayed control. Tomato leaf samples were taken from each greenhouse, each month of each year according to the areas of studies to calculate the rates of infestation. Higher infestation rates were recorded in the greenhouses with local agricultural practices (control) compared with those protected by pheromone traps. With the use of the pheromone traps, a remarkable reduction affected the infestation of the greenhouses in the 4 studied areas during the years 2012 to 2014. The southern area seemed to be the most infested and at a least degree the areas of the West, the Center and the East, respectively. The temporal evolution of infestation rates showed an increase since January until July with June and July showing the higher infestation rates. These results showed the efficacy of trapping of T. absoluta males and the importance of their sustainable use in the integrated control system against this devastating insect in Algeria.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42573323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Whiteflies invaded citrus orchards in Tunisia in the 90’s. Two species: Aleurothixus floccosus and Parabemisia myricae have been recorded successively infesting citrus and causing severe damage in Cap-Bon (North-East of Tunisia). These pests were first controlled by several insecticidal applications but with a relative efficiency. Then two biological control programs have been deployed completing the action of native natural enemies especially for P. myricae. The result was a very satisfactory control of both whitefly species, to a point that they almost disappeared from orchards for about 30 years. In 2017, a third whitefly species, identified as Dialeurodes citri, was observed during a prospection in citrus orchards in Takelsa region (Cap-Bon). It was a common species in Algeria, but never caused damage in Tunisia. In 2020, D. citri was found again with very high population densities in the regions of Menzel Bou Zelfa (Cap-Bon) and Tunis. These observations confirmed its change of status and spread in Tunisia. The main morphological and biological traits to distinguish between D. citri and the other two whitefly species, already recorded in Tunisia, were described and first observations on its infestation were reported. Some recommendations to manage this new pest are given.
{"title":"The Whitefly Dialeurodes citri: A New Pest on Citrus in Tunisia?","authors":"Synda Boulahia‐Kheder","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.16.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.16.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Whiteflies invaded citrus orchards in Tunisia in the 90’s. Two species: Aleurothixus floccosus and Parabemisia myricae have been recorded successively infesting citrus and causing severe damage in Cap-Bon (North-East of Tunisia). These pests were first controlled by several insecticidal applications but with a relative efficiency. Then two biological control programs have been deployed completing the action of native natural enemies especially for P. myricae. The result was a very satisfactory control of both whitefly species, to a point that they almost disappeared from orchards for about 30 years. In 2017, a third whitefly species, identified as Dialeurodes citri, was observed during a prospection in citrus orchards in Takelsa region (Cap-Bon). It was a common species in Algeria, but never caused damage in Tunisia. In 2020, D. citri was found again with very high population densities in the regions of Menzel Bou Zelfa (Cap-Bon) and Tunis. These observations confirmed its change of status and spread in Tunisia. The main morphological and biological traits to distinguish between D. citri and the other two whitefly species, already recorded in Tunisia, were described and first observations on its infestation were reported. Some recommendations to manage this new pest are given.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49431151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of chemical treatments on larvae and adults of the chickpea leaf miner (Liriomyza cicerina) and its parasitoids. The study was conducted according to the split-plot design with three replicates, during the cropping seasons 2016 and 2017 in the northwestern Tunisia. Deltamethrin treatments were applied on winter and spring chickpea varieties (Nour and Amdoun, respectively) when the pest density reached a level of 2-3 larvae/leaf in 50% of plants in the field. The number of emerged parasitoids and pest adults were recorded, and parasitism rates were investigated after treatments. Results revealed that the number of captured pest adults has been reduced in treated plots compared to control ones. Respective reduction rates attained 64.15% and 60.17% for Nour and Amdoun varieties during 2017. Additionally, the highest and the lowest parasitism rates were recorded respectively for Opius monilicornis 26.09% on control samples and for Diaulinopsis arenaria 2.88% on treated samples of Nour variety. In all experiments, L. cicerina larvae adults and parasitoids mortalities were higher for the spring variety. Hence, the use of more selective insecticides should be recommended to reduce the negative side-effects on the chickpea leafminer natural enemies.
{"title":"Effect of Deltamethrin on the Leaf Miner (Liriomyza cicerina) of Chickpea and its Parasitoids","authors":"A. Soltani, S. Haouel-Hamdi, M. Amri, J. M. Jemâa","doi":"10.52543/TJPP.15.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/TJPP.15.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this work was to investigate the effects of chemical treatments on larvae and adults of the chickpea leaf miner (Liriomyza cicerina) and its parasitoids. The study was conducted according to the split-plot design with three replicates, during the cropping seasons 2016 and 2017 in the northwestern Tunisia. Deltamethrin treatments were applied on winter and spring chickpea varieties (Nour and Amdoun, respectively) when the pest density reached a level of 2-3 larvae/leaf in 50% of plants in the field. The number of emerged parasitoids and pest adults were recorded, and parasitism rates were investigated after treatments. Results revealed that the number of captured pest adults has been reduced in treated plots compared to control ones. Respective reduction rates attained 64.15% and 60.17% for Nour and Amdoun varieties during 2017. Additionally, the highest and the lowest parasitism rates were recorded respectively for Opius monilicornis 26.09% on control samples and for Diaulinopsis arenaria 2.88% on treated samples of Nour variety. In all experiments, L. cicerina larvae adults and parasitoids mortalities were higher for the spring variety. Hence, the use of more selective insecticides should be recommended to reduce the negative side-effects on the chickpea leafminer natural enemies.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49405592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The egg-larval stage of Orgyia trigotephras were observed in shrubs maquis of Jebel Abderrahmane in north-east Tunisia, mainly on Quercus coccifera and Pistacia lentiscus, while only eggs were noticed on Phillyrea media. This kind of observation suggest us to study tree defense against O. trigotephras which will be explored by chemical analysis of P. lentiscus, Q. coccifera and P. media. Two types of analyses were the focus of this study to understand plant defense (i) primary metabolites and (ii) components of essential oils of these tested plants. Kjeldhal method was used for nitrogen and Mrssorr method for potassium, sodium and phosphorus extraction. Essential oils were extracted with the hexane solvent; chemical composition was determined using (GC/MS) methods. Oil compounds were identified by comparison to their retention time. Results of mineral extraction showed that percentage of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and nitrogen were more important in P. lentiscus and P. media than in Q. coccifera. Five major compounds were identified from essential oils of Q. coccifera, four from P. media and four from P. lentiscus. Nitrogen, which is a source of protein for insects, is produced in low concentrations in the foliage, decreasing nitrogen levels strategy for defending the plant against insect larvae. The absence of monoterpens in the foliage at P. media could explain the choice of larvae not to feed upon this host which probably confers resistance against this defoliator.
{"title":"Defense of Host Plants against Orgyia trigotephras in Northeast of Tunisia","authors":"O. Ezzine, H. Chograni, S. Dhahri, M. Jamâa","doi":"10.52543/TJPP.15.2.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/TJPP.15.2.5","url":null,"abstract":"The egg-larval stage of Orgyia trigotephras were observed in shrubs maquis of Jebel Abderrahmane in north-east Tunisia, mainly on Quercus coccifera and Pistacia lentiscus, while only eggs were noticed on Phillyrea media. This kind of observation suggest us to study tree defense against O. trigotephras which will be explored by chemical analysis of P. lentiscus, Q. coccifera and P. media. Two types of analyses were the focus of this study to understand plant defense (i) primary metabolites and (ii) components of essential oils of these tested plants. Kjeldhal method was used for nitrogen and Mrssorr method for potassium, sodium and phosphorus extraction. Essential oils were extracted with the hexane solvent; chemical composition was determined using (GC/MS) methods. Oil compounds were identified by comparison to their retention time. Results of mineral extraction showed that percentage of potassium, sodium, phosphorus and nitrogen were more important in P. lentiscus and P. media than in Q. coccifera. Five major compounds were identified from essential oils of Q. coccifera, four from P. media and four from P. lentiscus. Nitrogen, which is a source of protein for insects, is produced in low concentrations in the foliage, decreasing nitrogen levels strategy for defending the plant against insect larvae. The absence of monoterpens in the foliage at P. media could explain the choice of larvae not to feed upon this host which probably confers resistance against this defoliator.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44183057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the results of a study on the diet of Heteracris littoralis in an agro-ecosystem at Mzab valley, Ghardaïa Province, Northern Sahara, Algeria. The diet was determined by the analysis of plant fragments in the feces of H. littoralis sampled in the field. The studied grasshopper consumed 12 of the 30 plant species found in the cultivated environment. The results showed that the locust predominantly fed on a few plants, such as Lagenaria siceraria and Solanum lycopersicum, although their diet includes over 12 plant species. Its food niche breadth was narrow (0.51), with a selectivity index of 0.61 for females, 0.52 for males and 0.42 for larvae. The plants consumed by the two sexes and larvae were not significantly different. This study suggests that Eyprepocnemidinae is a polyphagous grasshopper species, in spite of pronounced preference towards Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. This property results in a low Berger-Parker index value (0.24). Results are of great significance, increasing the understanding of insect herbivore feeding behavior and how to control the damage caused by this Orthoptera.
{"title":"Diet Selection of Heteracris littoralis in a Cultivated Environment, Mzab Valley, Septentrional Sahara, Algeria","authors":"Youcef Zergoun","doi":"10.52543/TJPP.15.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/TJPP.15.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the results of a study on the diet of Heteracris littoralis in an agro-ecosystem at Mzab valley, Ghardaïa Province, Northern Sahara, Algeria. The diet was determined by the analysis of plant fragments in the feces of H. littoralis sampled in the field. The studied grasshopper consumed 12 of the 30 plant species found in the cultivated environment. The results showed that the locust predominantly fed on a few plants, such as Lagenaria siceraria and Solanum lycopersicum, although their diet includes over 12 plant species. Its food niche breadth was narrow (0.51), with a selectivity index of 0.61 for females, 0.52 for males and 0.42 for larvae. The plants consumed by the two sexes and larvae were not significantly different. This study suggests that Eyprepocnemidinae is a polyphagous grasshopper species, in spite of pronounced preference towards Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae. This property results in a low Berger-Parker index value (0.24). Results are of great significance, increasing the understanding of insect herbivore feeding behavior and how to control the damage caused by this Orthoptera.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45997295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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