Endophytic fungi are known to improve plant tolerance under stressful conditions including salt stress. Considering this, the endophytic fungi, Alternaria chlamydospora, Embellisia phragmospora, Phomabetae, Chaetomium coarctatum, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium graminearum, was isolated from roots of plants growing in salt environments and then, evaluated for their contribution in conferring salt stress tolerance in barley plants. The influence of inoculation with endophytic fungi, on germination, root and shoot lengths of barley seeds under different NaCl levels (0, 200, 300 and 400 mM) was investigated. Results showed that seed germination and root and shoot lengths were higher in seeds pretreated with endophytic fungi cultures than their controls under saline conditions. This study suggests that the tested endophytic fungi might be applied as a strategy for mitigating the stress-imposed salt in plants and, therefore, improving crop growth and productivity.
{"title":"Endophytic Fungi from Salt Adapted Plants Confer Salt Tolerance in Barley","authors":"R. Kouadria, M. Bouzouina, B. Lotmani","doi":"10.4314/tjpp.v18i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpp.v18i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Endophytic fungi are known to improve plant tolerance under stressful conditions including salt stress. Considering this, the endophytic fungi, Alternaria chlamydospora, Embellisia phragmospora, Phomabetae, Chaetomium coarctatum, Fusarium equiseti and Fusarium graminearum, was isolated from roots of plants growing in salt environments and then, evaluated for their contribution in conferring salt stress tolerance in barley plants. The influence of inoculation with endophytic fungi, on germination, root and shoot lengths of barley seeds under different NaCl levels (0, 200, 300 and 400 mM) was investigated. Results showed that seed germination and root and shoot lengths were higher in seeds pretreated with endophytic fungi cultures than their controls under saline conditions. This study suggests that the tested endophytic fungi might be applied as a strategy for mitigating the stress-imposed salt in plants and, therefore, improving crop growth and productivity. ","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ocimum basilicum is an aromatic plant belonging to the family of Lamiaceae. Many biotic and abiotic factors particularly drought stress influences its reproduction. Drought stress can harm the pollen grains of O. basilicum plants and disrupt the production of floral volatiles, reduce floral rewards for pollinators, decrease pollinator activity, and ultimately result in a decline in the seed set. These detrimental impacts highlight the importance of sufficient pollen availability for the successful reproduction and survival of plant species. The reproduction in plants is significantly impacted by drought stress, as it can directly or indirectly alter the attraction of pollinators. In this study, the effect of drought stress in O. basilicum plants was investigated by comparing drought- with no drought-stressed plants in order to examine various elements including: (1) nectar quantity and quality (2) pollen production (3) flower volatile emissions (4) pollinator visitation rates from both domesticated and wild species, and (5) the plant’s' reproductive outcomes, which contributes to the knowledge of the relationship between drought stress and pollination on O. basilicum. The planting was done in two different locations within the Saran division of Bihar state in India, first one is Chapra town and second one is Siwan town, in June 2019. The result indicated that plants with drought conditions, in contrast to drought free plants, produced a reduced quantity of pollen and had a decrease of the number of flowers and the volume of nectar produced per flower. Furthermore, drought affected plants produced nectar with a lower percentage of sucrose in relation to the total sugar content. Bees visiting rate was low compared to control plants and plants emitted more Z-3-hexenol, C4H8O, C5H10O, and Isovaleraldehyde. Moreover, this study utilized HPLC analysis to investigate the impact of drought stress on the floral nectar of O. basilicum plants. The findings revealed significant changes in nectar composition, highlighting the susceptibility of plantpollinator interactions and seed production to environmental stress factors.
{"title":"Negative Effects of Pollen Drought Stress on Floral Volatiles, Floral Nectar, Pollinator Behavior, and Seed Production in Ocimum basilicum Plants","authors":"Naira Nayab, Md. Anzer Alam","doi":"10.4314/tjpp.v18i2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpp.v18i2.1","url":null,"abstract":"Ocimum basilicum is an aromatic plant belonging to the family of Lamiaceae. Many biotic and abiotic factors particularly drought stress influences its reproduction. Drought stress can harm the pollen grains of O. basilicum plants and disrupt the production of floral volatiles, reduce floral rewards for pollinators, decrease pollinator activity, and ultimately result in a decline in the seed set. These detrimental impacts highlight the importance of sufficient pollen availability for the successful reproduction and survival of plant species. The reproduction in plants is significantly impacted by drought stress, as it can directly or indirectly alter the attraction of pollinators. In this study, the effect of drought stress in O. basilicum plants was investigated by comparing drought- with no drought-stressed plants in order to examine various elements including: (1) nectar quantity and quality (2) pollen production (3) flower volatile emissions (4) pollinator visitation rates from both domesticated and wild species, and (5) the plant’s' reproductive outcomes, which contributes to the knowledge of the relationship between drought stress and pollination on O. basilicum. The planting was done in two different locations within the Saran division of Bihar state in India, first one is Chapra town and second one is Siwan town, in June 2019. The result indicated that plants with drought conditions, in contrast to drought free plants, produced a reduced quantity of pollen and had a decrease of the number of flowers and the volume of nectar produced per flower. Furthermore, drought affected plants produced nectar with a lower percentage of sucrose in relation to the total sugar content. Bees visiting rate was low compared to control plants and plants emitted more Z-3-hexenol, C4H8O, C5H10O, and Isovaleraldehyde. Moreover, this study utilized HPLC analysis to investigate the impact of drought stress on the floral nectar of O. basilicum plants. The findings revealed significant changes in nectar composition, highlighting the susceptibility of plantpollinator interactions and seed production to environmental stress factors. ","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"8 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Bouslama, A. Laarif, M. Chattaoui, Ludovic Vial, C. Lavire, Jeanne Doré, Ali Rhouma
The aim of this study is to isolate and identify autochthonous bacterial strains with insecticidal effect against the larvae of the tomato moth Helicoverpa armigera. Dead and diseased larvae were collected from chili plots in the region of Gotraniya from the governorate of Kairouan, Tunisia. These larvae were used to isolate eight bacterial strains named Hr1 to Hr8. The bacterial isolates were characterized by macroscopic and microscopic observations and 16S rRNA sequencing. Hr1, Hr2, Hr4, Hr5, Hr6, and Hr8 were identified as Bacillus spp., Hr3 as Staphylococcussp., and Hr7 as Enterobacter sp. Their insecticidal activity was evaluated against third-instar larvae of H. armigera. A Hr1 bacterial isolate showed an insecticidal effect against H. armigera larvae, causing 60% larval mortality four days post-treatment at a dose of 1.8 × 109 CFU/ml. Based on further characterization studies, Hr1 was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus following Biolog biochemical tests and multi-locus sequence analyses studies based on sequencing of seven housekeeping genes.
{"title":"Biochemical and Molecular Identification of a Native Bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus Isolate with Insecticidal Effect Against the Pod Borer Larvae (Helicoverpa armigera)","authors":"T. Bouslama, A. Laarif, M. Chattaoui, Ludovic Vial, C. Lavire, Jeanne Doré, Ali Rhouma","doi":"10.4314/tjpp.v18i2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpp.v18i2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to isolate and identify autochthonous bacterial strains with insecticidal effect against the larvae of the tomato moth Helicoverpa armigera. Dead and diseased larvae were collected from chili plots in the region of Gotraniya from the governorate of Kairouan, Tunisia. These larvae were used to isolate eight bacterial strains named Hr1 to Hr8. The bacterial isolates were characterized by macroscopic and microscopic observations and 16S rRNA sequencing. Hr1, Hr2, Hr4, Hr5, Hr6, and Hr8 were identified as Bacillus spp., Hr3 as Staphylococcussp., and Hr7 as Enterobacter sp. Their insecticidal activity was evaluated against third-instar larvae of H. armigera. A Hr1 bacterial isolate showed an insecticidal effect against H. armigera larvae, causing 60% larval mortality four days post-treatment at a dose of 1.8 × 109 CFU/ml. Based on further characterization studies, Hr1 was identified as Bacillus thuringiensis gv. cytolyticus following Biolog biochemical tests and multi-locus sequence analyses studies based on sequencing of seven housekeeping genes. ","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"96 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140493490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Mediterranean flour moth or mill moth Ephestia kuehniella is a common pest of cereal grains, especially flour. In this research, the sublethal effects of essential oils isolated from five medicinal plants including Allium sativum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Piper nigrum were investigated on the protein content and digestive enzymes activity of the fifth instar larvae, under laboratory conditions. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils showed that tetracosamethyl cyclododeca siloxan, aristolene, α-pinene, β-thujone, and caryophyllene were the dominant constituents for each essential oil, respectively. The enzymatic activity was investigated by the treatment using the LC30 concentration against the larvae that were 2.86, 12.03, 2.19, 7.84, and 9.39 µl/l air, respectively. Results revealed that there were significant differences among the treatments on total protein content and enzymatic activities (F5,12 = 2.95, 3.56, and 7.07). About the total protein content, the control and treatment with R. officinalis essential oil showed the highest and lowest concentrations (1.0288 ± 0.0212 mg/ml versus 0.7333 ± 0.0329 mg/ml). The highest amylolytic activity was also seen in the control (0.0551 ± 0.0025 mU/mg) and the lowest being in R. officinalis oil treatment (0.0373 ± 0.0009 mU/mg). Moreover, the highest and lowest proteolytic activities were observed in the control (5.5063 ± 0.1086 U/mg) and R. officinalis essential oil (3.3028 ± 0.1077 U/mg). Accordingly, R. officinalis essential oil could be applied for the control of E. kuehniella.
{"title":"Effects of five plant essential oils on the protein content and digestive enzymes of Ephestia kuehniella.","authors":"M. Asadi","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.18.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.18.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The Mediterranean flour moth or mill moth Ephestia kuehniella is a common pest of cereal grains, especially flour. In this research, the sublethal effects of essential oils isolated from five medicinal plants including Allium sativum, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Rosmarinus officinalis, Salvia officinalis, and Piper nigrum were investigated on the protein content and digestive enzymes activity of the fifth instar larvae, under laboratory conditions. The GC-MS analysis of the essential oils showed that tetracosamethyl cyclododeca siloxan, aristolene, α-pinene, β-thujone, and caryophyllene were the dominant constituents for each essential oil, respectively. The enzymatic activity was investigated by the treatment using the LC30 concentration against the larvae that were 2.86, 12.03, 2.19, 7.84, and 9.39 µl/l air, respectively. Results revealed that there were significant differences among the treatments on total protein content and enzymatic activities (F5,12 = 2.95, 3.56, and 7.07). About the total protein content, the control and treatment with R. officinalis essential oil showed the highest and lowest concentrations (1.0288 ± 0.0212 mg/ml versus 0.7333 ± 0.0329 mg/ml). The highest amylolytic activity was also seen in the control (0.0551 ± 0.0025 mU/mg) and the lowest being in R. officinalis oil treatment (0.0373 ± 0.0009 mU/mg). Moreover, the highest and lowest proteolytic activities were observed in the control (5.5063 ± 0.1086 U/mg) and R. officinalis essential oil (3.3028 ± 0.1077 U/mg). Accordingly, R. officinalis essential oil could be applied for the control of E. kuehniella.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44093295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Green lacewing (Chrysoperla lucasina) is well known for its polyphagous predator larvae which are commonly used in pest’s biological control worldwide. In Tunisia, this auxiliary occurs in the nature in association with several pests but it has never been mass reared and released in biological control programs. Hence, the chrysopid species C. lucasina was chosen for an attempt of rearing in order to strengthen its natural populations. The study was carried out in the insectarium of the company ControlMed specialized in Trichogramma parasitoid production. All equipment used for green lacewing larvae and adult rearing was newly designed for this study. Two diets were given to larvae and adults to assess their biological performances. The first diet was based on pollen for adults and eggs of Ephestia kuehniella for larvae. The second diet consisting of a pasty mixture of honey, yeast and eggs of E. kuehniella, was supplied to adults and larvae. The laboratory rearing conditions were kept constant with 26 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D. The diets based on pollen and E. kuehniella eggs gave the best biological parameters for both adults and larvae. This study which allowed to design a simple technique to rear green lacewing based on affordable material, is a first step for developing a mass rearing of chrysopids in Tunisia. However, further improvements are required for adult and larvae diets to increase reproductive and developmental performance, as well as an economic feasibility study.
{"title":"First attempt to develop a rearing method for the native green lacewing Chrysoperla lucasina in Tunisia","authors":"Wejdène Karouia, Faten Hamdi, Synda Boulahia-Kheder","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.18.1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.18.1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Green lacewing (Chrysoperla lucasina) is well known for its polyphagous predator larvae which are commonly used in pest’s biological control worldwide. In Tunisia, this auxiliary occurs in the nature in association with several pests but it has never been mass reared and released in biological control programs. Hence, the chrysopid species C. lucasina was chosen for an attempt of rearing in order to strengthen its natural populations. The study was carried out in the insectarium of the company ControlMed specialized in Trichogramma parasitoid production. All equipment used for green lacewing larvae and adult rearing was newly designed for this study. Two diets were given to larvae and adults to assess their biological performances. The first diet was based on pollen for adults and eggs of Ephestia kuehniella for larvae. The second diet consisting of a pasty mixture of honey, yeast and eggs of E. kuehniella, was supplied to adults and larvae. The laboratory rearing conditions were kept constant with 26 ± 2°C, 65 ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16L: 8D. The diets based on pollen and E. kuehniella eggs gave the best biological parameters for both adults and larvae. This study which allowed to design a simple technique to rear green lacewing based on affordable material, is a first step for developing a mass rearing of chrysopids in Tunisia. However, further improvements are required for adult and larvae diets to increase reproductive and developmental performance, as well as an economic feasibility study.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136255040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lentil, Lens culinaris (syn: Lens esculenta), is one of the most important annual legumes from the Fabaceae family, which is widely cultivated throughout Asia, Europe, Northern America, Australia, and North Africa. Lentil seeds are mostly used in food industries to produce soups and its fodder is used as livestock feed. Ascochyta blight of lentil (ABL), which is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ascochyta lentis(teleomorph Didymella lentis), is one of the important diseases of this crop worldwide which causes serious damage to it. Resistance of different lentil varieties to this disease is variable. For this purpose, different studies have been performed on resistance in cultivated and wild varieties against this disease; some of them have focused on ecological aspects, others on genetics, and few on pathogen virulence. In this review, we have outlined the advantages of each background along with latest research. The present review, due to its unique characteristics which has been done to our knowledge for the first time, can be considered as valuable regarding the management of this dangerous disease in lentil.
{"title":"Review on resistance of lentil varieties to the blight disease caused by Ascochyta lentis, with emphasis on genetic aspects.","authors":"Hajar Badri, Saba Simorgh","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.18.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.18.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Lentil, Lens culinaris (syn: Lens esculenta), is one of the most important annual legumes from the Fabaceae family, which is widely cultivated throughout Asia, Europe, Northern America, Australia, and North Africa. Lentil seeds are mostly used in food industries to produce soups and its fodder is used as livestock feed. Ascochyta blight of lentil (ABL), which is caused by the pathogenic fungus Ascochyta lentis(teleomorph Didymella lentis), is one of the important diseases of this crop worldwide which causes serious damage to it. Resistance of different lentil varieties to this disease is variable. For this purpose, different studies have been performed on resistance in cultivated and wild varieties against this disease; some of them have focused on ecological aspects, others on genetics, and few on pathogen virulence. In this review, we have outlined the advantages of each background along with latest research. The present review, due to its unique characteristics which has been done to our knowledge for the first time, can be considered as valuable regarding the management of this dangerous disease in lentil.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46189027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ghofrane Jmii, M. Sayari, M. Mars, Samir Gharsallaoui, R. Haouala
Worldwide, weeds are the costliest category of agricultural pests. They decrease yields and product quality, hence managing them is vital to successful crop cultivation which is the objective of the current study. The present work aims to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the vegetative part and the flowers of Nicotiana glauca on tomato and the weed Cynodon dactylon. Experiments were carried out under field conditions and a number of biochemical and physiological parameters were determined after harvest. The results showed that adding powdered dried flowers to potting soil (in amount of 1%) was the most effective treatment either to inhibit C. dactylon growth or to increase the tomato yield. The stimulations in shoot, root and fresh weight were respectively 35.25%, 328.97%, and 159.04%. It is also remarkable that aqueous extracts of the vegetative part and flowers spray and vegetative part incorporation into soil treatments were effective in stimulating the growth of tomato, but they were less effective in inhibiting the weed growth. In fact, the greatest inhibitions in shoot, rhizomes and fresh weight did not exceed 66.31%, 70.54% and 96.54% after adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%). The defense strategy developed by lettuce to deal with allelopathic stress could explain the stimulation of tomato growth. Indeed, it increased the production of some metabolites such as polyphenols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and tannins in addition to proline and carotenoids. An improvement of PAL and TAL activities with a stimulation of the antioxidant activity by increasing DPPH free radicalscavenging activity were also recorded. However, the respiration reduction and the membrane integrity perturbation (demonstrated by an increase in malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage) could explain the weed growth inhibition. These findings emphasize that the use of the powdered dried flowers of N. glauca are effective and easily approach to exploit its valuable secondary metabolites either to control C. dactylon or to improve the production of tomato.
{"title":"Nicotiana glauca, a Key Plant for Tomato Growth Enhancement and for the Weed Cynodon dactylon Control","authors":"Ghofrane Jmii, M. Sayari, M. Mars, Samir Gharsallaoui, R. Haouala","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.17.2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.2.4","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, weeds are the costliest category of agricultural pests. They decrease yields and product quality, hence managing them is vital to successful crop cultivation which is the objective of the current study. The present work aims to evaluate the phytotoxicity of the vegetative part and the flowers of Nicotiana glauca on tomato and the weed Cynodon dactylon. Experiments were carried out under field conditions and a number of biochemical and physiological parameters were determined after harvest. The results showed that adding powdered dried flowers to potting soil (in amount of 1%) was the most effective treatment either to inhibit C. dactylon growth or to increase the tomato yield. The stimulations in shoot, root and fresh weight were respectively 35.25%, 328.97%, and 159.04%. It is also remarkable that aqueous extracts of the vegetative part and flowers spray and vegetative part incorporation into soil treatments were effective in stimulating the growth of tomato, but they were less effective in inhibiting the weed growth. In fact, the greatest inhibitions in shoot, rhizomes and fresh weight did not exceed 66.31%, 70.54% and 96.54% after adding powdered dried vegetative part (in amount of 0.6%). The defense strategy developed by lettuce to deal with allelopathic stress could explain the stimulation of tomato growth. Indeed, it increased the production of some metabolites such as polyphenols, flavanols, proanthocyanidins, flavonoids and tannins in addition to proline and carotenoids. An improvement of PAL and TAL activities with a stimulation of the antioxidant activity by increasing DPPH free radicalscavenging activity were also recorded. However, the respiration reduction and the membrane integrity perturbation (demonstrated by an increase in malondialdehyde content and electrolyte leakage) could explain the weed growth inhibition. These findings emphasize that the use of the powdered dried flowers of N. glauca are effective and easily approach to exploit its valuable secondary metabolites either to control C. dactylon or to improve the production of tomato.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45205709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Chihani-Hammas, L. Hajji-Hedfi, Asma Larayedh, H. Regaieg, N. Horrigue-Raouani
The nematicide effect of an aqueous extract from dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus was evaluated against the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus in vitro and in vivo trials. In both experiments, the application of four concentrations of a dried leaf aqueous extract (30 g/100 mL: 100%, 20 g/100 mL :60%, 10 g/100 mL: 30%, 5 g/100 mL: 15%; w/v) significantly reduced the nematode number of females and males in roots of the apple rootstock MM106. In vitro tests showed that the highest mortality was recorded with the undiluted concentration (96%) after 72 h of exposure time. Results of in vivo experiment revealed also that the concentration 100% has significantly increased the reduction rates of the nematode population of females and males (84.43% and 91.40%, respectively) compared to the other concentrations. The chemical treatment with Oxamyl G has significantly reduced the female and male population by 98.30% and 100%, respectively. The chemical analysis of dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus showed high levels of total phenol and total flavonoid contents and exhibited high antioxidant capacity. The obtained results suggest that aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves have a promising nematicide potential against P. vulnus.
{"title":"Phytochemical evaluation and nematicide effect of a dry leaves aqueous extract of Eucalyptus globulus against Pratylenchus vulnus infecting apple","authors":"N. Chihani-Hammas, L. Hajji-Hedfi, Asma Larayedh, H. Regaieg, N. Horrigue-Raouani","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.17.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The nematicide effect of an aqueous extract from dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus was evaluated against the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus in vitro and in vivo trials. In both experiments, the application of four concentrations of a dried leaf aqueous extract (30 g/100 mL: 100%, 20 g/100 mL :60%, 10 g/100 mL: 30%, 5 g/100 mL: 15%; w/v) significantly reduced the nematode number of females and males in roots of the apple rootstock MM106. In vitro tests showed that the highest mortality was recorded with the undiluted concentration (96%) after 72 h of exposure time. Results of in vivo experiment revealed also that the concentration 100% has significantly increased the reduction rates of the nematode population of females and males (84.43% and 91.40%, respectively) compared to the other concentrations. The chemical treatment with Oxamyl G has significantly reduced the female and male population by 98.30% and 100%, respectively. The chemical analysis of dried leaves of Eucalyptus globulus showed high levels of total phenol and total flavonoid contents and exhibited high antioxidant capacity. The obtained results suggest that aqueous extracts of Eucalyptus globulus leaves have a promising nematicide potential against P. vulnus.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44209042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The cohabitation of weeds with crops may not always pose problems. Weeds are plant pests that negatively impact crop yield. However, it is essential to determine when pest status is reached in crops for weed management decisions in crop production. Field experiments were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ibadan (7o38' N 3o 84' E), located in the rainforest-savanna transition agroecology of southwestern Nigeria. The experiments consisted of nine weed management practices and a weedy check arranged in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Weed density and weight, along with okra's morphological attributes such as the number of leaves, leaf area, plant height and stem girth, were recorded 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). At commercial maturity, unlignified okra pods were harvested from 9-12 WAS. Simple linear correlation and regression analysis between weed parameters and okra traits was performed. The result showed a negative relationship between weed growth and okra yield in both trials. The negative impact of weeds on some morphological traits of okra probably led to the reduction in okra yield. However, plant height and number of nodes did not significantly (P < 0.05) influence okra yield. Weeds attained pest status for okra at a weed density of about 14.17 plants/m2 with weed dry and fresh weights of 10.05 g/m2 and 54.86 g/m2 , respectively. Hence, weed management is necessary for okra production to reduce yield loss.
{"title":"Interpreting Morphology and Yield Response of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) to Weed Variables Using Regression Analysis","authors":"O. Ayodele","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.17.2.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.2.3","url":null,"abstract":"The cohabitation of weeds with crops may not always pose problems. Weeds are plant pests that negatively impact crop yield. However, it is essential to determine when pest status is reached in crops for weed management decisions in crop production. Field experiments were conducted during the rainy seasons of 2017 and 2018 at the research farm of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Ibadan (7o38' N 3o 84' E), located in the rainforest-savanna transition agroecology of southwestern Nigeria. The experiments consisted of nine weed management practices and a weedy check arranged in Randomised Complete Block Design with three replications. Weed density and weight, along with okra's morphological attributes such as the number of leaves, leaf area, plant height and stem girth, were recorded 9 weeks after sowing (WAS). At commercial maturity, unlignified okra pods were harvested from 9-12 WAS. Simple linear correlation and regression analysis between weed parameters and okra traits was performed. The result showed a negative relationship between weed growth and okra yield in both trials. The negative impact of weeds on some morphological traits of okra probably led to the reduction in okra yield. However, plant height and number of nodes did not significantly (P < 0.05) influence okra yield. Weeds attained pest status for okra at a weed density of about 14.17 plants/m2 with weed dry and fresh weights of 10.05 g/m2 and 54.86 g/m2 , respectively. Hence, weed management is necessary for okra production to reduce yield loss.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42263409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Hada, H. Jenfaoui, M. Khammassi, Ahlem Matmati, T. Souissi
Glebionis coronaria is a serious threat to cereal production in Northern Tunisia. Previous results showed that G. coronaria has developed resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides which limits their use in cereal cropping systems. The use of allelopathic crops has been reported as a potential alternative to herbicides to control resistant weed populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of five allelopathic crops on the early growth of G. coronaria. In vitro experiments using aqueous extracts of different crops and in pots experiments with increasing rates of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) residues were performed for this purpose. All tested crops showed allelopathic effects on G. coronaria and were able to reduce its root length at the concentration of 50 g/L. Barley and rapeseed were the most effective crops, with 70% and 60% of root length reduction, respectively. An aqueous extract concentration study with five increasing concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % was performed with these two crops, and root length was significantly reduced with increasing concentration, being up to 80% with the highest aqueous extract concentration of barley. The in vitro results were supported by the in pots experiment: Shortest roots length and highest dry mass reduction were obtained by the highest barley (0.64 g/kg) and rapeseed (8 g/kg) residue concentrations. This study confirmed the allelopathic potential of both barley and rapeseed in reducing the early growth of ALSresistant G. coronaria, suggesting the effectiveness of these crops if integrated with other control measures for the management of resistant population of G. coronaria in cereal fields.
{"title":"Allelopathic Effect of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) and Rapeseed (Brassica napus) Crops on Early Growth of Acetolactate Synthase (ALS)-Resistant Glebionis Coronaria","authors":"Z. Hada, H. Jenfaoui, M. Khammassi, Ahlem Matmati, T. Souissi","doi":"10.52543/tjpp.17.2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52543/tjpp.17.2.2","url":null,"abstract":"Glebionis coronaria is a serious threat to cereal production in Northern Tunisia. Previous results showed that G. coronaria has developed resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides which limits their use in cereal cropping systems. The use of allelopathic crops has been reported as a potential alternative to herbicides to control resistant weed populations. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of five allelopathic crops on the early growth of G. coronaria. In vitro experiments using aqueous extracts of different crops and in pots experiments with increasing rates of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and rapeseed (Brassica napus) residues were performed for this purpose. All tested crops showed allelopathic effects on G. coronaria and were able to reduce its root length at the concentration of 50 g/L. Barley and rapeseed were the most effective crops, with 70% and 60% of root length reduction, respectively. An aqueous extract concentration study with five increasing concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 75, and 100 % was performed with these two crops, and root length was significantly reduced with increasing concentration, being up to 80% with the highest aqueous extract concentration of barley. The in vitro results were supported by the in pots experiment: Shortest roots length and highest dry mass reduction were obtained by the highest barley (0.64 g/kg) and rapeseed (8 g/kg) residue concentrations. This study confirmed the allelopathic potential of both barley and rapeseed in reducing the early growth of ALSresistant G. coronaria, suggesting the effectiveness of these crops if integrated with other control measures for the management of resistant population of G. coronaria in cereal fields.","PeriodicalId":31444,"journal":{"name":"Tunisian Journal of Plant Protection","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46734996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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