Pub Date : 2022-02-14DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.2025118
Cecilia Rikap
ABSTRACT This article argues that contemporary leading global corporations are intellectual monopolies that base their power on the systematic concentration (and predation) of knowledge which they turn into intangible assets. By monopolizing access to portions of society’s knowledge, these companies’ capacity to plan portions of capitalism exceeds their legally owned assets. The article defines each intellectual monopoly’s sphere of planning as a corporate production and innovation system that may include several substructures, from global value chains to platforms. Inside corporate production and innovation systems, value and knowledge production are organized and controlled by the intellectual monopoly. Moreover, among intellectual monopolies, those centralizing big data and the machine learning algorithms required to process them will develop greater planning capacities and a further self-expansion of their intellectual monopoly. The emergence of intellectual monopolies has implications for every level within capitalism, including global capital accumulation, effects on labour and peripheries. By briefly referring to these dimensions, the article finishes by presenting a depiction of the geographies of digital capitalism as an era dominated by intellectual monopolies.
{"title":"From global value chains to corporate production and innovation systems: exploring the rise of intellectual monopoly capitalism","authors":"Cecilia Rikap","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.2025118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.2025118","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article argues that contemporary leading global corporations are intellectual monopolies that base their power on the systematic concentration (and predation) of knowledge which they turn into intangible assets. By monopolizing access to portions of society’s knowledge, these companies’ capacity to plan portions of capitalism exceeds their legally owned assets. The article defines each intellectual monopoly’s sphere of planning as a corporate production and innovation system that may include several substructures, from global value chains to platforms. Inside corporate production and innovation systems, value and knowledge production are organized and controlled by the intellectual monopoly. Moreover, among intellectual monopolies, those centralizing big data and the machine learning algorithms required to process them will develop greater planning capacities and a further self-expansion of their intellectual monopoly. The emergence of intellectual monopolies has implications for every level within capitalism, including global capital accumulation, effects on labour and peripheries. By briefly referring to these dimensions, the article finishes by presenting a depiction of the geographies of digital capitalism as an era dominated by intellectual monopolies.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42941145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-02DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.2016059
K. Leung, Hiu Yan Lee
ABSTRACT Urban mobility is a major worldwide challenge. Increased urbanization of the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, and its increased attractiveness to business travellers and cultural tourists have not been matched by adequate improved and sustainable urban transport provision. An analysis of the different mobilities of local residents, expatriates and international tourists and of their perceptions of the character and quality of urban transport provision highlights considerable use of private cars, old buses and informal travel arrangements, which in conjunction with the quality and limited degree of investment in transport infrastructure (roads, pavements, traffic lanes) contribute to an inefficient, ineffectual and unsustainable transport system, serious problems of congestion and pollution, and a need for careful planning.
{"title":"Contrasting mobilities of locals, expatriates and international tourists in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia: insights into transport and tourism development in the Global South","authors":"K. Leung, Hiu Yan Lee","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.2016059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.2016059","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urban mobility is a major worldwide challenge. Increased urbanization of the capital of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, and its increased attractiveness to business travellers and cultural tourists have not been matched by adequate improved and sustainable urban transport provision. An analysis of the different mobilities of local residents, expatriates and international tourists and of their perceptions of the character and quality of urban transport provision highlights considerable use of private cars, old buses and informal travel arrangements, which in conjunction with the quality and limited degree of investment in transport infrastructure (roads, pavements, traffic lanes) contribute to an inefficient, ineffectual and unsustainable transport system, serious problems of congestion and pollution, and a need for careful planning.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43005162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-18DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1999169
Fan Xiao, Jiaoe Wang, Delin Du
ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of China’s high-speed rail (HSR) network on regional innovation cooperation examining the impact on intercity patent rights transactions in 2016 between 81,510 city-pairs. It shows that (1) China’s intercity technology transfer network assumes a national-scale ‘diamond structure’; (2) China’s HSR network had a robust positive effect on intercity technology transfer; and (3) these impacts are direct and indirect operating through impacts on geographical proximity, industrial proximity, innovative proximity and technology complementarity. These findings broaden our understanding of the association between transport infrastructure and innovation networks in large emerging economies.
{"title":"High-speed rail heading for innovation: the impact of HSR on intercity technology transfer","authors":"Fan Xiao, Jiaoe Wang, Delin Du","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1999169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1999169","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of China’s high-speed rail (HSR) network on regional innovation cooperation examining the impact on intercity patent rights transactions in 2016 between 81,510 city-pairs. It shows that (1) China’s intercity technology transfer network assumes a national-scale ‘diamond structure’; (2) China’s HSR network had a robust positive effect on intercity technology transfer; and (3) these impacts are direct and indirect operating through impacts on geographical proximity, industrial proximity, innovative proximity and technology complementarity. These findings broaden our understanding of the association between transport infrastructure and innovation networks in large emerging economies.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45515849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-21DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1997098
M. Messkoub
ABSTRACT Covid-19 had major socio-economic impacts on the populations and societies of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Government reactions depended on their public health institutions/infrastructures, official ideologies and understanding of the situation, as well as wars/conflicts and sanctions. To counter the impact of the pandemic, countries adopted a combination of cash payments to the poor, furlough schemes and financial support to employers. But public health services in most countries have been poorly resourced to cope with the pandemic. Considering that most countries are characterized by inequality in the distribution of income/wealth, entitlement and access to health services and social protection, states need to reorientate public expenditure towards public health and the reduction of inequality.
{"title":"Covid-19, public health and social policy in MENA","authors":"M. Messkoub","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1997098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1997098","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Covid-19 had major socio-economic impacts on the populations and societies of Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. Government reactions depended on their public health institutions/infrastructures, official ideologies and understanding of the situation, as well as wars/conflicts and sanctions. To counter the impact of the pandemic, countries adopted a combination of cash payments to the poor, furlough schemes and financial support to employers. But public health services in most countries have been poorly resourced to cope with the pandemic. Considering that most countries are characterized by inequality in the distribution of income/wealth, entitlement and access to health services and social protection, states need to reorientate public expenditure towards public health and the reduction of inequality.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44307101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-16DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1999170
Bhaskar Kumar Kakati
ABSTRACT Sustainability is one of the significant development paradigms of the present world because of increasing concerns about environmental deterioration. Sustainability depends on the interaction among various social, economic and environmental factors. Thus, the role of people, resources and technologies become vital. Although people, resources and technologies play an essential role in ensuring sustainability, sustainability is impossible without proper policy intervention. Accordingly, institutions become an integral component of sustainability. Humanity has developed common sustainable goals, yet the way to achieve them remains a critical question for policymakers and a major component of political discourse. In this context, this paper revisits the sustainability components of the economic philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.
{"title":"Sustainability in the study of Gandhian economic philosophy","authors":"Bhaskar Kumar Kakati","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1999170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1999170","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Sustainability is one of the significant development paradigms of the present world because of increasing concerns about environmental deterioration. Sustainability depends on the interaction among various social, economic and environmental factors. Thus, the role of people, resources and technologies become vital. Although people, resources and technologies play an essential role in ensuring sustainability, sustainability is impossible without proper policy intervention. Accordingly, institutions become an integral component of sustainability. Humanity has developed common sustainable goals, yet the way to achieve them remains a critical question for policymakers and a major component of political discourse. In this context, this paper revisits the sustainability components of the economic philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46598159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-06DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1994437
V. Klimanov, S. Kazakova
ABSTRACT Regions as socio-economic systems face various challenges caused by global processes including world market fluctuations, large-scale migrations and environmental problems. Identifying the factors capable of throwing a regional system off the path of sustainable development will allow decision-makers to find effective remedies. In Russia, the transition to sustainable development has been complicated by a high degree of interregional differentiation of development and resource potential, as well as limitations in the regional strategic planning system. This study identifies significant differences in the extent to which the development of Russia’s regions is sustainable, the factors contributing to these differences and the ways in which strategic planning may help move in the direction of greater sustainability.
{"title":"Assessment of sustainable development of Russian regions","authors":"V. Klimanov, S. Kazakova","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1994437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1994437","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Regions as socio-economic systems face various challenges caused by global processes including world market fluctuations, large-scale migrations and environmental problems. Identifying the factors capable of throwing a regional system off the path of sustainable development will allow decision-makers to find effective remedies. In Russia, the transition to sustainable development has been complicated by a high degree of interregional differentiation of development and resource potential, as well as limitations in the regional strategic planning system. This study identifies significant differences in the extent to which the development of Russia’s regions is sustainable, the factors contributing to these differences and the ways in which strategic planning may help move in the direction of greater sustainability.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42488568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-15DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1973522
I. Turgel, O. Chernova, Anastasiia A. Usoltceva
ABSTRACT An analysis of the response of highly urbanized Russian regions to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic shows that regions with a high urban population share and many small and medium-sized businesses were most vulnerable; that regional differences were largely determined by the severity of health-related restrictions on business and social activity; and the extent to which regionally differentiated economic support measures and the adoption of digital technologies, new delivery methods, and a focus on new sectors stabilized aggregate supply and demand. Examination of the evolution of a resilience index permits identification of four paths: adaptively stable, vulnerable labile-adaptive, remission-adaptive and low-adaptive economies, and it reinforces the interpretation of the main drivers of regional resilience.
{"title":"Resilience, robustness and adaptivity: Large urban Russian Federation regions during the COVID-19 crisis","authors":"I. Turgel, O. Chernova, Anastasiia A. Usoltceva","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1973522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1973522","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An analysis of the response of highly urbanized Russian regions to the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic shows that regions with a high urban population share and many small and medium-sized businesses were most vulnerable; that regional differences were largely determined by the severity of health-related restrictions on business and social activity; and the extent to which regionally differentiated economic support measures and the adoption of digital technologies, new delivery methods, and a focus on new sectors stabilized aggregate supply and demand. Examination of the evolution of a resilience index permits identification of four paths: adaptively stable, vulnerable labile-adaptive, remission-adaptive and low-adaptive economies, and it reinforces the interpretation of the main drivers of regional resilience.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43395771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-11DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1985397
Yu Xiao, F. Parenti
ABSTRACT A strategic/geoeconomic/geopolitical as opposed to a short-term contextual approach to the Italy–China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) agreement identifies significant opportunities for cooperation alongside important challenges: opportunities derive from emerging interests in port interconnectivity, investment and industrial development, the digital economy, and third-party markets, while challenges are associated with uncertain economic recovery, increasing geopolitical rivalry, volatile Italian politics, and contrasting Chinese and Italian and European Union norms. Frequent short-term policy turns result, while Italy–China cooperation may presage a reorientation of the BRI in the direction of multilateral negotiation, soft cooperation and development of city-to-city networks. If not, the outcome may be a less interconnected and vibrant BRI and a more confrontational game between the European Union and China.
{"title":"China–Italy BRI Cooperation: towards a new cooperation model?","authors":"Yu Xiao, F. Parenti","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1985397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1985397","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT A strategic/geoeconomic/geopolitical as opposed to a short-term contextual approach to the Italy–China Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) agreement identifies significant opportunities for cooperation alongside important challenges: opportunities derive from emerging interests in port interconnectivity, investment and industrial development, the digital economy, and third-party markets, while challenges are associated with uncertain economic recovery, increasing geopolitical rivalry, volatile Italian politics, and contrasting Chinese and Italian and European Union norms. Frequent short-term policy turns result, while Italy–China cooperation may presage a reorientation of the BRI in the direction of multilateral negotiation, soft cooperation and development of city-to-city networks. If not, the outcome may be a less interconnected and vibrant BRI and a more confrontational game between the European Union and China.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41894745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-27DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1975551
F. Qawasmeh, R. Ariffin, Kuppusamy Singaravelloo
ABSTRACT The public policy field generally answers the question as to what a government should or should not do. In the case of Palestine, the Water Reform Process has however been characterized by a gap between the design of policies and their implementation that reinforced a status quo and has severe negative impacts on water service policymaking. This gap derives from geopolitical realities created by the Israeli Occupation including the full control of Area C and of 85% of the water resources along with restrictions on Palestinian extraction and transport of their own water resources. A consequence and cause of this formulation–implementation gap is a fragile water governance structure and an undermining of the two-state solution.
{"title":"Israeli Occupation and water service policy making in the Occupied West Bank, Palestine","authors":"F. Qawasmeh, R. Ariffin, Kuppusamy Singaravelloo","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1975551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1975551","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The public policy field generally answers the question as to what a government should or should not do. In the case of Palestine, the Water Reform Process has however been characterized by a gap between the design of policies and their implementation that reinforced a status quo and has severe negative impacts on water service policymaking. This gap derives from geopolitical realities created by the Israeli Occupation including the full control of Area C and of 85% of the water resources along with restrictions on Palestinian extraction and transport of their own water resources. A consequence and cause of this formulation–implementation gap is a fragile water governance structure and an undermining of the two-state solution.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45581584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-07DOI: 10.1080/23792949.2021.1974907
Javier Vadell
ABSTRACT Drawing on Qin Yaqing’s notion of relational power, this article analyses how, why and through what mechanisms Chinese international initiatives diffuse Chinese ideas and practices and facilitate the projection of its power in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). In an era of crisis of multilateralism and neoliberal globalization and confronted with the global COVID-19 crisis, Chinese cooperation with a politically fragmented region that has for long been dominated by the United States has involved the deployment of bilateral, minilateral and multilateral relationships from the foundation of the China–CELAC Forum and the extension of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to embrace LAC up until the relaunching of the Health Silk Road. Adaptive processes of multilevel cooperation and the projection of soft power contribute to the emergence of a hybrid geopolitical landscape.
{"title":"China’s bilateral and minilateral relationship with Latin America and the Caribbean: the case of China–CELAC Forum","authors":"Javier Vadell","doi":"10.1080/23792949.2021.1974907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2021.1974907","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Drawing on Qin Yaqing’s notion of relational power, this article analyses how, why and through what mechanisms Chinese international initiatives diffuse Chinese ideas and practices and facilitate the projection of its power in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). In an era of crisis of multilateralism and neoliberal globalization and confronted with the global COVID-19 crisis, Chinese cooperation with a politically fragmented region that has for long been dominated by the United States has involved the deployment of bilateral, minilateral and multilateral relationships from the foundation of the China–CELAC Forum and the extension of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to embrace LAC up until the relaunching of the Health Silk Road. Adaptive processes of multilevel cooperation and the projection of soft power contribute to the emergence of a hybrid geopolitical landscape.","PeriodicalId":31513,"journal":{"name":"Area Development and Policy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42112246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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