Lan-Rong Chen, J. Trejaut, Ying-Hui Lai, Zong-Sian Chen, Jin-Yuan Huang, Marie Lin, J. Loo
The genetic profile of Negritos of the Philippines differs from the non-Negrito groups with mitochondrial DNA haplogroups B4b1a2, B5, D6a, M, M52a, and N11b. Although Negritos are not seen in Taiwan, the strong genetic affinity between the Philippines and Taiwan Mountain Tribe Aborigines (TwMtA), and Folks tales of TwMtA, Saisiyat and Atayal recounting past contacts with Negritos, warrant the search for a Negrito signature in Taiwan. Material and Method: Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) was used to determine the genetic relationship between TwMtA, Filipino and non-TwMtA groups. Results: The deep coalescence of B4b1a2 in the Philippine Negritos, Saisiyat, Atayal, Island Southeast Asia, and SEA (Southeast Asia) suggested a deeply rooted common ancestry, but could not support a past Negrito presence in Taiwan. Conversely, the sharing of cultural components and mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) haplogroup D6a2 in Saisiyat, Atayal and Philippine Negritos may characterize a Negrito signature in Taiwan. Although the molecular variation of D6a2 determines its presence in Taiwan back to middle Neolithic, other markers, Y-SNP haplogroups C-M146 and K-M9, warrant further analysis. Conclusion: Most likely, the physical characteristics, languages, and the genetic makeup of the Negritos in Taiwan have been diluted as the result of heavy migration from the mainland in the last 400 years.
{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms of the Saisiyat Indigenous Group of Taiwan, Search for a Negrito Signature","authors":"Lan-Rong Chen, J. Trejaut, Ying-Hui Lai, Zong-Sian Chen, Jin-Yuan Huang, Marie Lin, J. Loo","doi":"10.33805/2690-2613.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2690-2613.103","url":null,"abstract":"The genetic profile of Negritos of the Philippines differs from the non-Negrito groups with mitochondrial DNA haplogroups B4b1a2, B5, D6a, M, M52a, and N11b. Although Negritos are not seen in Taiwan, the strong genetic affinity between the Philippines and Taiwan Mountain Tribe Aborigines (TwMtA), and Folks tales of TwMtA, Saisiyat and Atayal recounting past contacts with Negritos, warrant the search for a Negrito signature in Taiwan. Material and Method: Discriminant Analysis of Principal Component (DAPC) was used to determine the genetic relationship between TwMtA, Filipino and non-TwMtA groups. Results: The deep coalescence of B4b1a2 in the Philippine Negritos, Saisiyat, Atayal, Island Southeast Asia, and SEA (Southeast Asia) suggested a deeply rooted common ancestry, but could not support a past Negrito presence in Taiwan. Conversely, the sharing of cultural components and mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA) haplogroup D6a2 in Saisiyat, Atayal and Philippine Negritos may characterize a Negrito signature in Taiwan. Although the molecular variation of D6a2 determines its presence in Taiwan back to middle Neolithic, other markers, Y-SNP haplogroups C-M146 and K-M9, warrant further analysis. Conclusion: Most likely, the physical characteristics, languages, and the genetic makeup of the Negritos in Taiwan have been diluted as the result of heavy migration from the mainland in the last 400 years.","PeriodicalId":315411,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Journal of Biomedical Research and Review","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128450040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Molecular engineers are studying FAAH as a target for pharmaceuticals as controlling levels of FAAH may produce some of the same health effects that excite clinicians about the potential for phytocannabinoid-based medicines. Synthetic cannabinoids work by flooding the system with molecules structurally similar to THC and other phytocannabinoids. Medicines that inhibit the body’s production of FAAH are theorized to have a similar effect by maximizing the concentration of deficient endocannabinoids in the nervous system. Technological limitations coupled with a suppression of research of biologic cannabinoids at many major research universities have limited our understanding of the endocannabinoid system. Questions still need to be answered to provide a comprehensive comparison of biologic with synthetic FAAH inhibitors. Advancement and research aimed at understanding of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, and particularly the medicinal properties of the Trans-Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) molecule and its endocannabinoid equivalent anandamide are hindered by prohibitive restrictions resulting from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), National Institute of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The mission statements of each of these entities effectively integrate to ensure research and utilization of the medicinal properties of THC will be nearly impossible to attain.
{"title":"Psychosocial and Biological Aspects of Synthetic and Natural FAAH Inhibitors","authors":"David A Dawson","doi":"10.33805/2690-2613.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2690-2613.102","url":null,"abstract":"Molecular engineers are studying FAAH as a target for pharmaceuticals as controlling levels of FAAH may produce some of the same health effects that excite clinicians about the potential for phytocannabinoid-based medicines. Synthetic cannabinoids work by flooding the system with molecules structurally similar to THC and other phytocannabinoids. Medicines that inhibit the body’s production of FAAH are theorized to have a similar effect by maximizing the concentration of deficient endocannabinoids in the nervous system. Technological limitations coupled with a suppression of research of biologic cannabinoids at many major research universities have limited our understanding of the endocannabinoid system. Questions still need to be answered to provide a comprehensive comparison of biologic with synthetic FAAH inhibitors. Advancement and research aimed at understanding of endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids, and particularly the medicinal properties of the Trans-Δ⁹-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) molecule and its endocannabinoid equivalent anandamide are hindered by prohibitive restrictions resulting from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), National Institute of Health (NIH), and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA). The mission statements of each of these entities effectively integrate to ensure research and utilization of the medicinal properties of THC will be nearly impossible to attain.","PeriodicalId":315411,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Journal of Biomedical Research and Review","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126448008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Tsompos, C. Panoulis, K. Toutouzas, A. Triantafyllou, G. Zografos, K. Tsarea, M. Karamperi, A. Papalois
Aim: This study co-evaluated the 4 quoted histologic variables after the lazaroid U-74389G (L) drug administration. The calculation was based on the results of 2 preliminary studies, each one evaluating two respective histologic variables of Endometrial Edema (EE) and Uterus Inflammation (UI) or Endometrial Karyorrhexis (EK) and Uterus Congestion (UC); in an induced ischemia reperfusion animal experiment. Materials and methods: The 2 main experimental endpoints at which the EE, UI and EK, UC scores were evaluated was the 60th reperfusion min (for the groups A and C) and the 120th reperfusion min (for the groups B and D). Specially, the groups A and B were processed without drugs, whereas the groups C and D after L administration. Results: The first preliminary study showed that L has a non-significant recessing potency for EE and UI histologic parameters at the “without lesions” grade 0.2636364±0.14594051 (p-values=0.0698). The second preliminary study showed that L has a non-significant recessing potency for EK and UC histologic parameters at the “without lesions” grade 0.1253529 ± 0.08529668 (p-values=0.1373) since they were co-evaluated together. These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. This study co-evaluated the combined diagnostic values of the four variables together. Conclusion: L administration and reperfusion time together non-significantly accentuated the 4 histologic variables within the “without lesions alterations” score 0.0758471 [-0.1464624 - +0.2981566] (p-value=0.4940).
{"title":"The Rat Uterus after U-74389G Process","authors":"C. Tsompos, C. Panoulis, K. Toutouzas, A. Triantafyllou, G. Zografos, K. Tsarea, M. Karamperi, A. Papalois","doi":"10.33805/2690-2613.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33805/2690-2613.101","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study co-evaluated the 4 quoted histologic variables after the lazaroid U-74389G (L) drug administration. The calculation was based on the results of 2 preliminary studies, each one evaluating two respective histologic variables of Endometrial Edema (EE) and Uterus Inflammation (UI) or Endometrial Karyorrhexis (EK) and Uterus Congestion (UC); in an induced ischemia reperfusion animal experiment.\u0000Materials and methods: The 2 main experimental endpoints at which the EE, UI and EK, UC scores were evaluated was the 60th reperfusion min (for the groups A and C) and the 120th reperfusion min (for the groups B and D). Specially, the groups A and B were processed without drugs, whereas the groups C and D after L administration. \u0000Results: The first preliminary study showed that L has a non-significant recessing potency for EE and UI histologic parameters at the “without lesions” grade 0.2636364±0.14594051 (p-values=0.0698). The second preliminary study showed that L has a non-significant recessing potency for EK and UC histologic parameters at the “without lesions” grade 0.1253529 ± 0.08529668 (p-values=0.1373) since they were co-evaluated together. These 2 studies were co-evaluated since they came from the same experimental setting. This study co-evaluated the combined diagnostic values of the four variables together. \u0000Conclusion: L administration and reperfusion time together non-significantly accentuated the 4 histologic variables within the “without lesions alterations” score 0.0758471 [-0.1464624 - +0.2981566] (p-value=0.4940).","PeriodicalId":315411,"journal":{"name":"Edelweiss Journal of Biomedical Research and Review","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128661230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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