Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0008
N. Brenner
The question of uneven spatial development has long been a central concern for critical sociospatial theorists. But how, precisely, is the spatiality of this process to be conceptualized? Drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s striking metaphor of social space as a mille-feuille—a flaky French pastry composed of “a thousand layers”—this chapter argues that the geographies of uneven development are best conceived as a polymorphic superimposition and interpenetration of sociospatial relations. Alongside its scalar dimensions, uneven spatial development is also mediated through the dynamics of territorialization, place-making, and networking. The morphologies of sociospatial relations under capitalism are too intricately interwoven to be reduced to a single dimension, scalar or otherwise. This chapter thus offers a series of autocritical reflections on the scalar analytics elaborated in the preceding chapters while also outlining several major challenges for future research on the variegated spatialities of capitalist urbanization.
{"title":"A Thousand Layers: Geographies of Uneven Development","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0008","url":null,"abstract":"The question of uneven spatial development has long been a central concern for critical sociospatial theorists. But how, precisely, is the spatiality of this process to be conceptualized? Drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s striking metaphor of social space as a mille-feuille—a flaky French pastry composed of “a thousand layers”—this chapter argues that the geographies of uneven development are best conceived as a polymorphic superimposition and interpenetration of sociospatial relations. Alongside its scalar dimensions, uneven spatial development is also mediated through the dynamics of territorialization, place-making, and networking. The morphologies of sociospatial relations under capitalism are too intricately interwoven to be reduced to a single dimension, scalar or otherwise. This chapter thus offers a series of autocritical reflections on the scalar analytics elaborated in the preceding chapters while also outlining several major challenges for future research on the variegated spatialities of capitalist urbanization.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116888274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0007
N. Brenner
Theories of the urban growth machine have long been a central analytical tool for contemporary research on urban governance. But in what sense are growth machines, in fact, “urban”? To what degree must “the city” serve as the spatial locus for growth machine strategies? To address such questions, this chapter critically evaluates the influential work of urban sociologists John Logan and Harvey Molotch on US growth machine dynamics. In contrast to an influential line of critique that reproaches these authors for their putative methodological localism, it is argued that their framework is, in fact, explicitly attuned to the role of interscalar politico-institutional relays in the construction of urban growth machines. These considerations lead to a dynamically multiscalar reading of the national institutional frameworks that have facilitated the formation of growth machines at the urban scale during the course of US territorial development. This analysis has broad methodological implications for the comparative-historical investigation of urban governance.
{"title":"Urban Growth Machines—But at What Scale?","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"Theories of the urban growth machine have long been a central analytical tool for contemporary research on urban governance. But in what sense are growth machines, in fact, “urban”? To what degree must “the city” serve as the spatial locus for growth machine strategies? To address such questions, this chapter critically evaluates the influential work of urban sociologists John Logan and Harvey Molotch on US growth machine dynamics. In contrast to an influential line of critique that reproaches these authors for their putative methodological localism, it is argued that their framework is, in fact, explicitly attuned to the role of interscalar politico-institutional relays in the construction of urban growth machines. These considerations lead to a dynamically multiscalar reading of the national institutional frameworks that have facilitated the formation of growth machines at the urban scale during the course of US territorial development. This analysis has broad methodological implications for the comparative-historical investigation of urban governance.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"364 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122317670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0003
N. Brenner
Since the 1990s, the scalar dimensions of global urban restructuring have been reflexively explored within several major streams of critical urban studies. Against the background of earlier rounds of debate on the shifting spatialities of the urban question, this chapter offers a critical evaluation of these recent scalar turns. What is the theoretical specificity of a scalar approach to urban restructuring? A relatively narrow, but analytically precise, definitional proposal is put forward through a series of theoretical, epistemological, and methodological propositions. This approach aims to destabilize methodologically localist, city-centric understandings of the urban while also distinguishing processes of scalar structuration from other key dimensions of sociospatial relations related to place-making, territorialization, and networking. This relatively abstract definitional foray is the first of several efforts in this book to demarcate the proper conceptual parameters—and limits—of scale in relation to specific terrains of urban studies.
{"title":"Restructuring, Rescaling, and the Urban Question","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1990s, the scalar dimensions of global urban restructuring have been reflexively explored within several major streams of critical urban studies. Against the background of earlier rounds of debate on the shifting spatialities of the urban question, this chapter offers a critical evaluation of these recent scalar turns. What is the theoretical specificity of a scalar approach to urban restructuring? A relatively narrow, but analytically precise, definitional proposal is put forward through a series of theoretical, epistemological, and methodological propositions. This approach aims to destabilize methodologically localist, city-centric understandings of the urban while also distinguishing processes of scalar structuration from other key dimensions of sociospatial relations related to place-making, territorialization, and networking. This relatively abstract definitional foray is the first of several efforts in this book to demarcate the proper conceptual parameters—and limits—of scale in relation to specific terrains of urban studies.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122860203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0009
N. Brenner
A new round of debate on the urban question is today unfolding, in relation to which key aspects of inherited urban theories, including those produced in recent decades, now appear inadequate or even obsolete. Against this background, this chapter considers the wide-ranging epistemological, conceptual, and methodological challenges posed by emergent patterns and pathways of planetary urban transformation, which are relativizing the inherited spatial dualisms (city/countryside, urban/rural, human/nonhuman) and scalar imaginaries that have long anchored the field of urban studies. The production of these dramatically rescaled urban spaces engenders major challenges for critical theory, research, imagination, and practice.
{"title":"Planetary Urbanization: Mutations of the Urban Question","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"A new round of debate on the urban question is today unfolding, in relation to which key aspects of inherited urban theories, including those produced in recent decades, now appear inadequate or even obsolete. Against this background, this chapter considers the wide-ranging epistemological, conceptual, and methodological challenges posed by emergent patterns and pathways of planetary urban transformation, which are relativizing the inherited spatial dualisms (city/countryside, urban/rural, human/nonhuman) and scalar imaginaries that have long anchored the field of urban studies. The production of these dramatically rescaled urban spaces engenders major challenges for critical theory, research, imagination, and practice.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115894066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0005
N. Brenner
This chapter develops a scalar reinterpretation of contemporary political strategies to promote urban regeneration through the clustering of so-called new economy industries specialized in the production and deployment of advanced informational and communications technologies. In contrast to much of the hyperbole that has surrounded the new economy concept, this analysis of European trends suggests that urban growth strategies oriented toward such firms and sectors have generally involved rescaled, broadly market-disciplinary approaches to the regulation of uneven spatial development that seriously exacerbate, rather than resolve, the crisis tendencies and contradictions of post-Keynesian capitalism. However, despite their destabilizing macroeconomic consequences and the often vague, ideologically slippery spatial visions attached to projects to promote a new economy, such neoliberalizing regulatory rescalings continue to play a key role in the production of new urban spaces and new forms of urbanization.
{"title":"Cities and the Political Geographies of the “New” Economy","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter develops a scalar reinterpretation of contemporary political strategies to promote urban regeneration through the clustering of so-called new economy industries specialized in the production and deployment of advanced informational and communications technologies. In contrast to much of the hyperbole that has surrounded the new economy concept, this analysis of European trends suggests that urban growth strategies oriented toward such firms and sectors have generally involved rescaled, broadly market-disciplinary approaches to the regulation of uneven spatial development that seriously exacerbate, rather than resolve, the crisis tendencies and contradictions of post-Keynesian capitalism. However, despite their destabilizing macroeconomic consequences and the often vague, ideologically slippery spatial visions attached to projects to promote a new economy, such neoliberalizing regulatory rescalings continue to play a key role in the production of new urban spaces and new forms of urbanization.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114824737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0010
N. Brenner
This chapter presents the elements of a reinvigorated approach to critical urban theory that could help decipher the multiplication of urban transformations within and beyond major metropolitan regions under early twenty-first-century capitalism. It also advances a systematic critique of the narrowly city-centric conceptions of urbanization that underpin influential recent declarations of a majority-urban world. In thus proceeding, this chapter introduces new layers of meaning, and additional sociospatial dimensions, to the scale-attuned theorization of the capitalist urban fabric elaborated in the book’s previous chapters, especially with reference to the spatiotemporal dynamics of extended urbanization. A central challenge, within this framework, is to connect the restructuring of major cities and metropolitan regions to the colossal, if variegated, social, infrastructural, and ecological transformations that are unfolding in the world’s industrializing hinterlands to support the restless metabolism of capitalist urbanization. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of a (reinvented) critical urban theory to the collective project of imagining, and ultimately pursuing, alternative forms and pathways of urbanization.
{"title":"Afterword: New Spaces of Urbanization","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0010","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents the elements of a reinvigorated approach to critical urban theory that could help decipher the multiplication of urban transformations within and beyond major metropolitan regions under early twenty-first-century capitalism. It also advances a systematic critique of the narrowly city-centric conceptions of urbanization that underpin influential recent declarations of a majority-urban world. In thus proceeding, this chapter introduces new layers of meaning, and additional sociospatial dimensions, to the scale-attuned theorization of the capitalist urban fabric elaborated in the book’s previous chapters, especially with reference to the spatiotemporal dynamics of extended urbanization. A central challenge, within this framework, is to connect the restructuring of major cities and metropolitan regions to the colossal, if variegated, social, infrastructural, and ecological transformations that are unfolding in the world’s industrializing hinterlands to support the restless metabolism of capitalist urbanization. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the importance of a (reinvented) critical urban theory to the collective project of imagining, and ultimately pursuing, alternative forms and pathways of urbanization.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134332361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0006
N. Brenner
This chapter presents a critical perspective on the “new regionalism” debate that has swept through important streams of urban studies since the 1980s. A scalar analytics is mobilized to question mainstream political metanarratives regarding the prospects for putatively endogenous, bottom-up political strategies to stimulate urban regeneration. New regionalist programs have entailed a scalar recalibration of local financial, institutional, and regulatory failures, but without significantly impacting their underlying macrospatial causes, within or beyond major cities. Consequently, rather than counteracting the crisis tendencies of post-Keynesian capitalism, the market disciplinary spatial politics of the new regionalism have perpetuated or exacerbated the latter. Its enduring consequences have been the further splintering of urban governance arrangements, intensifying territorial polarization, and pervasive regulatory disorder, rather than stable capitalist industrial growth or coherent territorial development at any spatial scale.
{"title":"Competitive City-Regionalism and the Politics of Scale","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter presents a critical perspective on the “new regionalism” debate that has swept through important streams of urban studies since the 1980s. A scalar analytics is mobilized to question mainstream political metanarratives regarding the prospects for putatively endogenous, bottom-up political strategies to stimulate urban regeneration. New regionalist programs have entailed a scalar recalibration of local financial, institutional, and regulatory failures, but without significantly impacting their underlying macrospatial causes, within or beyond major cities. Consequently, rather than counteracting the crisis tendencies of post-Keynesian capitalism, the market disciplinary spatial politics of the new regionalism have perpetuated or exacerbated the latter. Its enduring consequences have been the further splintering of urban governance arrangements, intensifying territorial polarization, and pervasive regulatory disorder, rather than stable capitalist industrial growth or coherent territorial development at any spatial scale.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133446223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0002
N. Brenner
In what sense are scales socially produced and politically contested? Beginning in the 1970s, radical geographers offered a series of innovative approaches to this question, connecting it systematically to theories of capital accumulation, uneven spatial development, state space, and contentious politics. Against that background, this chapter excavates the distinctive scalar analytics that are embedded within several key ideas of David Harvey and Henri Lefebvre, with particular reference to the fixity/motion contradiction under capitalism, the concept of the urban fabric, the scalar intermeshing of urban space and state space, and the process of rescaling. This analysis generates a scale-attuned theorization of the capitalist urban fabric, a critique of city-centric conceptions of the urban question, and a state-theoretical understanding of the process Lefebvre famously described as the “planetarization of the urban.” This theorization grounds the explorations of urban restructuring and rescaling that are elaborated in subsequent chapters.
{"title":"Between Fixity and Motion: Scaling the Urban Fabric","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"In what sense are scales socially produced and politically contested? Beginning in the 1970s, radical geographers offered a series of innovative approaches to this question, connecting it systematically to theories of capital accumulation, uneven spatial development, state space, and contentious politics. Against that background, this chapter excavates the distinctive scalar analytics that are embedded within several key ideas of David Harvey and Henri Lefebvre, with particular reference to the fixity/motion contradiction under capitalism, the concept of the urban fabric, the scalar intermeshing of urban space and state space, and the process of rescaling. This analysis generates a scale-attuned theorization of the capitalist urban fabric, a critique of city-centric conceptions of the urban question, and a state-theoretical understanding of the process Lefebvre famously described as the “planetarization of the urban.” This theorization grounds the explorations of urban restructuring and rescaling that are elaborated in subsequent chapters.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115241609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0004
N. Brenner
Since the 1990s, the intellectual landscape of urban studies has been transformed through debates on global cities, which are widely viewed as basing points for an increasingly globalized configuration of capitalism. This chapter develops a scale-attuned, state-theoretical reinterpretation of global city formation as a major expression of recent rescalings of capitalist urbanization. Such rescalings have been powerfully mediated through national state institutions, which, in so doing, have themselves been undergoing major spatial and scalar transformations. New urban spaces are thus produced through the rescaling of state space—and vice versa. In addition to exploring the role of multiscalar state spatial strategies in the process of global city formation, this chapter also aims to destabilize the entrenched assumption that cities represent the default unit of analysis for urban studies. The scalar units of urbanization are themselves produced and rewoven through the creatively destructive forward motion of capital and the intricate mediations of the latter through state spatial strategies and sociopolitical mobilization.
{"title":"Global City Formation and the Rescaling of Urbanization","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"Since the 1990s, the intellectual landscape of urban studies has been transformed through debates on global cities, which are widely viewed as basing points for an increasingly globalized configuration of capitalism. This chapter develops a scale-attuned, state-theoretical reinterpretation of global city formation as a major expression of recent rescalings of capitalist urbanization. Such rescalings have been powerfully mediated through national state institutions, which, in so doing, have themselves been undergoing major spatial and scalar transformations. New urban spaces are thus produced through the rescaling of state space—and vice versa. In addition to exploring the role of multiscalar state spatial strategies in the process of global city formation, this chapter also aims to destabilize the entrenched assumption that cities represent the default unit of analysis for urban studies. The scalar units of urbanization are themselves produced and rewoven through the creatively destructive forward motion of capital and the intricate mediations of the latter through state spatial strategies and sociopolitical mobilization.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131223912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-01DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0001
N. Brenner
For over a century, the urban question has generated intense debate on matters of conceptualization, method, and interpretation. Since the 1990s, in the context of debates on post-Fordism, globalization, and urban restructuring, the urban question has been redefined as a question of scale. Why has this scalar redefinition of the urban occurred, and what does this mean for urban theory and research? What are its analytical possibilities and dangers? In what ways does such an approach reframe the long-standing emphasis on the “city” as the core focal point for urban studies? This opening chapter elaborates these questions in intellectual and geopolitical context, thus setting the stage for the explorations of urbanization, state spatial restructuring, and rescaling processes that follow in the rest of the book. This chapter also situates the book’s argument in relation to contemporary debates on abstraction, generalization, comparison, and contextual particularity in critical urban theory.
{"title":"Openings: The Urban Question as a Scale Question?","authors":"N. Brenner","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190627188.003.0001","url":null,"abstract":"For over a century, the urban question has generated intense debate on matters of conceptualization, method, and interpretation. Since the 1990s, in the context of debates on post-Fordism, globalization, and urban restructuring, the urban question has been redefined as a question of scale. Why has this scalar redefinition of the urban occurred, and what does this mean for urban theory and research? What are its analytical possibilities and dangers? In what ways does such an approach reframe the long-standing emphasis on the “city” as the core focal point for urban studies? This opening chapter elaborates these questions in intellectual and geopolitical context, thus setting the stage for the explorations of urbanization, state spatial restructuring, and rescaling processes that follow in the rest of the book. This chapter also situates the book’s argument in relation to contemporary debates on abstraction, generalization, comparison, and contextual particularity in critical urban theory.","PeriodicalId":315434,"journal":{"name":"New Urban Spaces","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114816166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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