This study investigated the effect of pavement surface condition parameters including roughness, rut depth and skid resistance on the operational performance of a sample of signalised intersections i.e. level of service in terms of degree of saturation (DS). Pavement condition data and operational measurements including DS, phase time, cycle time and maximum flow during both AM and PM peak hours were collected for the year before and the year after the time of resurfacing treatments of a sample of intersections. Multiple regression analyses were applied for analysing and assessing intersection performance during AM and PM peak periods, separately and collectively, using the degree of saturation as a response variable with different explanatory variables. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs) of Gaussian distribution with an identity link function were used to account for the correlation between repeated observations for a given intersection. Reported in this paper are the statistical analysis approach and findings of the assessment, which indicate that only skid resistance has a statistically significant effect on intersection performance before treatment, where its increase results in a reduction in DS.
{"title":"AN ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECT OF PAVEMENT SURFACE CONDITION ON PERFORMANCE OF SIGNALISED INTERSECTIONS","authors":"N. Hussein, R. Hassan, Michael T. Fahey","doi":"10.2495/UT180091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180091","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated the effect of pavement surface condition parameters including roughness, rut depth and skid resistance on the operational performance of a sample of signalised intersections i.e. level of service in terms of degree of saturation (DS). Pavement condition data and operational measurements including DS, phase time, cycle time and maximum flow during both AM and PM peak hours were collected for the year before and the year after the time of resurfacing treatments of a sample of intersections. Multiple regression analyses were applied for analysing and assessing intersection performance during AM and PM peak periods, separately and collectively, using the degree of saturation as a response variable with different explanatory variables. Generalised Estimating Equations (GEEs) of Gaussian distribution with an identity link function were used to account for the correlation between repeated observations for a given intersection. Reported in this paper are the statistical analysis approach and findings of the assessment, which indicate that only skid resistance has a statistically significant effect on intersection performance before treatment, where its increase results in a reduction in DS.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133898295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The greater Jakarta metropolitan area with a population of over 30 million is supported by the four buffer cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, of which every day around 3.5 million of their residents commute to Jakarta (Jakarta Central Bureau of Statistic, 2016). The Commuter Line railway system, as one of the main transportation systems, connects the buffer cities and Jakarta. The National Commuter Line Company carries 960,000 persons/day and progressively attempts to increase the number of passengers by developing railway infrastructure including stations. The presence of the Commuter Line train system encourages sustainable mobility habits: people are able to access the station and catch the train instead of driving in their private vehicles, thereby reducing carbon emissions. This choice encourages an urban morphological transformation in areas surrounding the train stations. New functions, such as shops, restaurants, and parking areas emerge surrounding the train station, while the new sidewalks, bus stops, and other parts of the street furniture are poorly installed. Commuters begin to utilize the surrounding spots to support their various pedestrian activities, instead of using the station facilities, which are poorly maintained. Using the method of direct observation, this paper reveals the new arrangements of the urban elements around the various commuter stations and the behavioral tendencies of the commuters in utilizing them. The study found that the emergence of both new buildings and urban elements within the transit area supports the tendency of people to choose several new spots to do their activities. Unfortunately, these spots have emerged in an ad hoc manner and are poorly arranged without any sufficient planning. As a result, it has created chaos and messiness. The research findings concluded that the development of infrastructure around the Commuter Line Stations should be included with the rearrangement of accessible public spaces. Increasing convenience for the commuters is the critical strategy for attracting commuters away from their cars.
{"title":"SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION OF PUBLIC SPACES IN SURROUNDING COMMUTER LINE STATIONS","authors":"E. Ellisa, Rizky Ramadityo","doi":"10.2495/UT180241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180241","url":null,"abstract":"The greater Jakarta metropolitan area with a population of over 30 million is supported by the four buffer cities of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi, of which every day around 3.5 million of their residents commute to Jakarta (Jakarta Central Bureau of Statistic, 2016). The Commuter Line railway system, as one of the main transportation systems, connects the buffer cities and Jakarta. The National Commuter Line Company carries 960,000 persons/day and progressively attempts to increase the number of passengers by developing railway infrastructure including stations. The presence of the Commuter Line train system encourages sustainable mobility habits: people are able to access the station and catch the train instead of driving in their private vehicles, thereby reducing carbon emissions. This choice encourages an urban morphological transformation in areas surrounding the train stations. New functions, such as shops, restaurants, and parking areas emerge surrounding the train station, while the new sidewalks, bus stops, and other parts of the street furniture are poorly installed. Commuters begin to utilize the surrounding spots to support their various pedestrian activities, instead of using the station facilities, which are poorly maintained. Using the method of direct observation, this paper reveals the new arrangements of the urban elements around the various commuter stations and the behavioral tendencies of the commuters in utilizing them. The study found that the emergence of both new buildings and urban elements within the transit area supports the tendency of people to choose several new spots to do their activities. Unfortunately, these spots have emerged in an ad hoc manner and are poorly arranged without any sufficient planning. As a result, it has created chaos and messiness. The research findings concluded that the development of infrastructure around the Commuter Line Stations should be included with the rearrangement of accessible public spaces. Increasing convenience for the commuters is the critical strategy for attracting commuters away from their cars.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130437080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David Salgado, R. Aldrete, Gabriel A. Valdez-Ceniceros, J. Shelton
The industrial and economic activity in Mexican cities along the United States (US)–Mexico border increased significantly with the establishment of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on January 1, 1994. As a result, these cities experienced accelerated growth in population and economic activity. This has subsequently led to a high demand in freight services for manufacturing plants, local businesses, and international trade necessities resulting in mobility and environmental problems. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodology followed in the development of the Ciudad Juarez Urban Freight Regulatory Plan along with the strategies proposed. The Plan is embraced by agencies and organizations involved and aim to alleviate problems associated with uncontrolled urban freight flows, as well as optimize these flows in harmony with other transportation modes (passenger vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians). The strategies proposed are based on the best international practices in conjunction with the results of the traffic diagnostic performed and the input of local agencies and organizations. This paper argues that this participatory approach can be successfully used by practitioners developing urban freight improvement plans in developing countries worldwide in general, as well as in other Mexican cities located on the US–Mexico border in particular.
{"title":"METHODOLOGY TO DEVELOP URBAN FREIGHT REGULATORY PLANS: CIUDAD JUAREZ CASE STUDY","authors":"David Salgado, R. Aldrete, Gabriel A. Valdez-Ceniceros, J. Shelton","doi":"10.2495/ut180031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180031","url":null,"abstract":"The industrial and economic activity in Mexican cities along the United States (US)–Mexico border increased significantly with the establishment of North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on January 1, 1994. As a result, these cities experienced accelerated growth in population and economic activity. This has subsequently led to a high demand in freight services for manufacturing plants, local businesses, and international trade necessities resulting in mobility and environmental problems. The objective of this paper is to describe the methodology followed in the development of the Ciudad Juarez Urban Freight Regulatory Plan along with the strategies proposed. The Plan is embraced by agencies and organizations involved and aim to alleviate problems associated with uncontrolled urban freight flows, as well as optimize these flows in harmony with other transportation modes (passenger vehicles, bicycles, and pedestrians). The strategies proposed are based on the best international practices in conjunction with the results of the traffic diagnostic performed and the input of local agencies and organizations. This paper argues that this participatory approach can be successfully used by practitioners developing urban freight improvement plans in developing countries worldwide in general, as well as in other Mexican cities located on the US–Mexico border in particular.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126489898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Scalea, a town in the south of Italy, almost completely abandoned and affected by a lack of public transport connections between the historical part (10–11th century) and the new one (20th century), is chosen as case study. Thanks to a detailed comparative analysis of the historical centers of southern Italy, it emerged that Scalea encloses the typical architectural and logistical-infrastructural features of the entire Region. Scalea is characterized by two types of mobility: the “internal” one consisting in stairway paths, in larger part, and few squares; the second one, defined as “external”, because connecting the old center to the rest of the urban territory, is almost affected by the absence of public transport services. The aim of this research is to furnish a sustainable design proposal to enhance and revitalize the old part of the city improving its external mobility reusing the disused and existing railway integrated with greener paths. In order to facilitate a quick and easy access to the historical center, a cycling and walking path network is suggested. The old town, the railway station, the seafront, the existing cycling path as well as the commercial part of the town, are the main important nodes of the suggested design network proposal. Three different cycling and walking path layers are considered: the first one consisting in the reuse of the old and abandoned railway as well as the galleries; the second layer connecting the main squares of the old town to the existing cycling path and the commercial area of the new part; the last one from the western part of the old town to the seafront. The combination of changes, described above, would provide the revitalization of the historical city center for future generations through a new accessibility design that would help them to enjoy both architectural heritage value and urban sustainable mobility.
{"title":"SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT NETWORK FOR THE URBAN REHABILITATION OF AN OLD TOWN IN SOUTHERN ITALY","authors":"G. Forestieri, G. Galiano","doi":"10.2495/ut180221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180221","url":null,"abstract":"Scalea, a town in the south of Italy, almost completely abandoned and affected by a lack of public transport connections between the historical part (10–11th century) and the new one (20th century), is chosen as case study. Thanks to a detailed comparative analysis of the historical centers of southern Italy, it emerged that Scalea encloses the typical architectural and logistical-infrastructural features of the entire Region. Scalea is characterized by two types of mobility: the “internal” one consisting in stairway paths, in larger part, and few squares; the second one, defined as “external”, because connecting the old center to the rest of the urban territory, is almost affected by the absence of public transport services. The aim of this research is to furnish a sustainable design proposal to enhance and revitalize the old part of the city improving its external mobility reusing the disused and existing railway integrated with greener paths. In order to facilitate a quick and easy access to the historical center, a cycling and walking path network is suggested. The old town, the railway station, the seafront, the existing cycling path as well as the commercial part of the town, are the main important nodes of the suggested design network proposal. Three different cycling and walking path layers are considered: the first one consisting in the reuse of the old and abandoned railway as well as the galleries; the second layer connecting the main squares of the old town to the existing cycling path and the commercial area of the new part; the last one from the western part of the old town to the seafront. The combination of changes, described above, would provide the revitalization of the historical city center for future generations through a new accessibility design that would help them to enjoy both architectural heritage value and urban sustainable mobility.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128902344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Akinwumi, O. Ajayi, M. Agarana, S. A. Ogbiye, O. Ojuri, A. O. David
Wastes that have cementitious properties can become a useful source of cheap materials for soilimprovement, thereby reducing the cost of construction projects on sites that have unsuitable soils. Thisresearch work investigated the effects of the application of calcium carbide residue (CCR) to a tropicalsoil on its geotechnical properties in order to assess the suitability of the stabilized soil for use as a roadpavement material. Tests to determine the grain size distribution, specific gravity, liquid and plasticlimits, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of thenatural soil and its stabilization with varying percentages of CCR were carried out. The outcomeshowed that increasing application of CCR generally reduced the soil’s specific gravity, plasticity indexand maximum dry unit weight. A direct proportionality was also found between the CCR content andeach of the liquid and plastic limits, optimum moisture content, CBR and UCS. Thus, the soil becamemore workable and its strength properties were improved by stabilization with CCR. Consequently,the subgrade characteristics of the soil for use as earthwork materials for road construction wasimproved. Based on strength properties of the stabilized soil, an optimal application of 4% CCR wasfound suitable for the stabilization of the sand with similar properties as those studied. The use of CCRas for stabilizing sand for road construction is recommended as a cheap and sustainable approach fordeveloping countries.
{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF CALCIUM CARBIDE RESIDUE AS A STABILIZER FOR TROPICAL SAND USED AS PAVEMENT MATERIAL","authors":"I. Akinwumi, O. Ajayi, M. Agarana, S. A. Ogbiye, O. Ojuri, A. O. David","doi":"10.2495/UT180261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180261","url":null,"abstract":"Wastes that have cementitious properties can become a useful source of cheap materials for soilimprovement, thereby reducing the cost of construction projects on sites that have unsuitable soils. Thisresearch work investigated the effects of the application of calcium carbide residue (CCR) to a tropicalsoil on its geotechnical properties in order to assess the suitability of the stabilized soil for use as a roadpavement material. Tests to determine the grain size distribution, specific gravity, liquid and plasticlimits, compaction, California bearing ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of thenatural soil and its stabilization with varying percentages of CCR were carried out. The outcomeshowed that increasing application of CCR generally reduced the soil’s specific gravity, plasticity indexand maximum dry unit weight. A direct proportionality was also found between the CCR content andeach of the liquid and plastic limits, optimum moisture content, CBR and UCS. Thus, the soil becamemore workable and its strength properties were improved by stabilization with CCR. Consequently,the subgrade characteristics of the soil for use as earthwork materials for road construction wasimproved. Based on strength properties of the stabilized soil, an optimal application of 4% CCR wasfound suitable for the stabilization of the sand with similar properties as those studied. The use of CCRas for stabilizing sand for road construction is recommended as a cheap and sustainable approach fordeveloping countries.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131532565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Corine Nsangwe Businge, S. Viani, N. Pepe, M. Borgarello, Carlo Caruso, G. Tripodi, Stefania Soresinetti
In the near future cities will have to supply innovative and high value-added mobility services with respect for environmental, traffic and energy sustainability. It is a great challenge since transportation represents over 20% of the global energy consumption, 40% of which is in urban areas. In this context RSE has developed the project STORM (Strategies TOwaRds a sustainable Mobility) which aims to study smart and sustainable solutions and policies in urban mobility planning in order to supply passengers and goods mobility, with respect to economic, energy-efficiency and environmental targets. This paper investigates the impact and benefits of different mobility solutions and policies by applying a multimodal transport model. The Milan area is used as test case for two main reasons: first, its high population density and strong transport offer and second, the large amount of information and data available on passengers’ mobility within this area. By assuming that the mobility demand is a constant, 8 mobility scenarios have been tested on the Milan area, which can be classified into two main groups: 4 measures to strengthen the public transport offer; 4 measures to restrict and discourage the use of private vehicles or introduce a relevant share of electric vehicles. Finally, three combinations of these scenarios were made in order to evaluate the impact of a deep and broad transformation of the current mobility trends. For each scenario a cost/benefit analysis was made in terms of energy efficiency, traffic reduction and environmental impact in order to draw up a ranking of the most advantageous and promising measures for urban mobility.
{"title":"ENERGY EFFICIENCY SOLUTIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY: CASE STUDY OF THE MILAN METROPOLITAN AREA","authors":"Corine Nsangwe Businge, S. Viani, N. Pepe, M. Borgarello, Carlo Caruso, G. Tripodi, Stefania Soresinetti","doi":"10.2495/UT180151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180151","url":null,"abstract":"In the near future cities will have to supply innovative and high value-added mobility services with respect for environmental, traffic and energy sustainability. It is a great challenge since transportation represents over 20% of the global energy consumption, 40% of which is in urban areas. In this context RSE has developed the project STORM (Strategies TOwaRds a sustainable Mobility) which aims to study smart and sustainable solutions and policies in urban mobility planning in order to supply passengers and goods mobility, with respect to economic, energy-efficiency and environmental targets. This paper investigates the impact and benefits of different mobility solutions and policies by applying a multimodal transport model. The Milan area is used as test case for two main reasons: first, its high population density and strong transport offer and second, the large amount of information and data available on passengers’ mobility within this area. By assuming that the mobility demand is a constant, 8 mobility scenarios have been tested on the Milan area, which can be classified into two main groups: 4 measures to strengthen the public transport offer; 4 measures to restrict and discourage the use of private vehicles or introduce a relevant share of electric vehicles. Finally, three combinations of these scenarios were made in order to evaluate the impact of a deep and broad transformation of the current mobility trends. For each scenario a cost/benefit analysis was made in terms of energy efficiency, traffic reduction and environmental impact in order to draw up a ranking of the most advantageous and promising measures for urban mobility.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123643342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antonio Candelieri, I. Giordani, B. Galuzzi, F. Archetti
This paper presents a network analysis approach to assess efficiency and resilience of public transport systems under cascading failures. Results of the two case studies of the RESOLUTE project (i.e., Florence, Italy and the Attika region, Greece) are presented. Failures can be of different types (accidents, infrastructure collapses, attacks, etc.) and can lead to impacts with different severities. The key element of cascading failures is time: as time passes by, more locations or connections of the network can be affected consecutively, as well as change their own condition. The proposed network analysis approach simulates failure propagation and evaluates the associated impacts on the transport system. Analogously to the analysis of road networks proposed in the literature, the network average efficiency and the relative size of the largest connected component have been considered for the analysis of the two RESOLUTE case studies. The cascade is simulated as follows. The node betweenness – the number of shortest paths through that node (i.e. stop/station) – is the “capacity” of that node. The worst-case of the cascading failure is considered. The node with the highest betweenness is the one triggering the cascade: it is removed and the new betweenness for every remaining node is computed, since it changes with the new shortest paths arrangement. All the nodes with betweenness higher than capacity are removed and the process continues until no more nodes can be deleted, that is the end of the cascade. Finally, efficiency and relative size of the largest connected component are computed along the cascade, to compare network at the begin and the end of the cascade. Analysis is repeated by considering the chance to increase node capacity by a given percentage, allowing to assess which is the implied improvement on resilience and on efficiency supporting a more sustainable allocation of financial resources.
{"title":"EFFICIENCY AND RESILIENCE ASSESSMENT UNDER CASCADING FAILURES IN TRANSIT NETWORKS","authors":"Antonio Candelieri, I. Giordani, B. Galuzzi, F. Archetti","doi":"10.2495/ut180171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180171","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a network analysis approach to assess efficiency and resilience of public transport systems under cascading failures. Results of the two case studies of the RESOLUTE project (i.e., Florence, Italy and the Attika region, Greece) are presented. Failures can be of different types (accidents, infrastructure collapses, attacks, etc.) and can lead to impacts with different severities. The key element of cascading failures is time: as time passes by, more locations or connections of the network can be affected consecutively, as well as change their own condition. The proposed network analysis approach simulates failure propagation and evaluates the associated impacts on the transport system. Analogously to the analysis of road networks proposed in the literature, the network average efficiency and the relative size of the largest connected component have been considered for the analysis of the two RESOLUTE case studies. The cascade is simulated as follows. The node betweenness – the number of shortest paths through that node (i.e. stop/station) – is the “capacity” of that node. The worst-case of the cascading failure is considered. The node with the highest betweenness is the one triggering the cascade: it is removed and the new betweenness for every remaining node is computed, since it changes with the new shortest paths arrangement. All the nodes with betweenness higher than capacity are removed and the process continues until no more nodes can be deleted, that is the end of the cascade. Finally, efficiency and relative size of the largest connected component are computed along the cascade, to compare network at the begin and the end of the cascade. Analysis is repeated by considering the chance to increase node capacity by a given percentage, allowing to assess which is the implied improvement on resilience and on efficiency supporting a more sustainable allocation of financial resources.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131689487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses transportation problems caused by rapid urbanization of sub-Saharan Africa metropolitan areas combined with inadequate or poorly executed development plans of the cities. We work on minimizing the transportation problems by optimizing the factors responsible for the transport problems in Lagos Nigeria, being a typical sub-Saharan African city. The problem was formulated using an integer programming (IP) model and solved using a novel branch and bound algorithm. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to verify and demonstrate the significance of the parameters involved in the model. It was found that our proposed approach finds solutions that significantly reduce the transport problem in sub-Saharan African cities if properly applied.
{"title":"INTEGER PROGRAMMING ALGORITHM FOR PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN CITIES","authors":"M. Agarana, O. Ajayi, I. Akinwumi","doi":"10.2495/ut180311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180311","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses transportation problems caused by rapid urbanization of sub-Saharan Africa metropolitan areas combined with inadequate or poorly executed development plans of the cities. We work on minimizing the transportation problems by optimizing the factors responsible for the transport problems in Lagos Nigeria, being a typical sub-Saharan African city. The problem was formulated using an integer programming (IP) model and solved using a novel branch and bound algorithm. Sensitivity analysis was carried out to verify and demonstrate the significance of the parameters involved in the model. It was found that our proposed approach finds solutions that significantly reduce the transport problem in sub-Saharan African cities if properly applied.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133195218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dong ho Kim, Seungjin Shin, Dongjoo Park, Juyoung Kim
This study developed an optimization method to correct the measured expressway traffic volume that minimizes measurement errors and satisfies the traffic balancing with TCS. For this purpose, the model constructed in this study was compared with the true traffic volume and verified. Through the verification of the model, it was found that the measurement error is reduced when the measured traffic volume is corrected for the traffic volume balance. By applying it to 21 links of the Gyeongbu expressway, the measured traffic volume was corrected by –8.1%~9.6% and the measurement error was decreased as much as the corrected traffic volume. This research is meaningful in terms of improving the accuracy of the measured traffic volume of the expressway, which is significant considering that the role of the expressway are increasing.
{"title":"CORRECTION OF MEASURED TRAFFIC VOLUME ON EXPRESSWAYS BASED ON TRAFFIC VOLUME BALANCING","authors":"Dong ho Kim, Seungjin Shin, Dongjoo Park, Juyoung Kim","doi":"10.2495/UT180331","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180331","url":null,"abstract":"This study developed an optimization method to correct the measured expressway traffic volume that minimizes measurement errors and satisfies the traffic balancing with TCS. For this purpose, the model constructed in this study was compared with the true traffic volume and verified. Through the verification of the model, it was found that the measurement error is reduced when the measured traffic volume is corrected for the traffic volume balance. By applying it to 21 links of the Gyeongbu expressway, the measured traffic volume was corrected by –8.1%~9.6% and the measurement error was decreased as much as the corrected traffic volume. This research is meaningful in terms of improving the accuracy of the measured traffic volume of the expressway, which is significant considering that the role of the expressway are increasing.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123328866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jongju Ha, Hunyoung Jung, HyeRyeon Lee, Mi-hea Choi
A car-sharing system is being introduced to Korea and its application has been mainly accommodated by the private sector. As conflicts with the government’s regulations on transportation industries seems to interrupt the expansion of the services, the involvement of the public sector in taking the initiative is necessary. Accordingly, the perception of the citizens, who are the drivers of the operations, as well as the participants in policy implementation, must be examined. In this research, a plan to revitalize the shared transport was explored by closely examining the citizen’s perception on car-sharing, using the data conducted through an online survey of 500 people. The research took place in Busan, a metropolitan city with a population of about 3.4 million, where the involvement of public sector on carsharing operations is significantly lacking. First, an importance-performance analysis was performed on the responses that had experienced car-sharing in the past. The result confirmed that the ways to reserve, pick-up/return, and the cost were the important factors on the user satisfaction. Second, we employed binary logistic regression based on the Stated Preference survey technique on the responses that had not experienced car-sharing, but with the intention to use car-sharing in the future. As a result, the probability of choosing car-sharing decreased as the cost and wait time increased. In particular, it has been found that returning a vehicle at a desired place is more than four times preferred than returning at the rented location. Based on the analysis, we concluded that the active engagement of the public sector is necessary in improving the efficiency of operations, such as the provisions on potential pickup/return spots available for private operators, and policy implications to ease the regulatory standards.
{"title":"A STUDY ON THE ACTIVATION OF CAR-SHARING THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF CITIZEN’S PERCEPTION BASED ON EXPERIENCE: FOCUSING ON BUSAN, SOUTH KOREA","authors":"Jongju Ha, Hunyoung Jung, HyeRyeon Lee, Mi-hea Choi","doi":"10.2495/ut180161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180161","url":null,"abstract":"A car-sharing system is being introduced to Korea and its application has been mainly accommodated by the private sector. As conflicts with the government’s regulations on transportation industries seems to interrupt the expansion of the services, the involvement of the public sector in taking the initiative is necessary. Accordingly, the perception of the citizens, who are the drivers of the operations, as well as the participants in policy implementation, must be examined. In this research, a plan to revitalize the shared transport was explored by closely examining the citizen’s perception on car-sharing, using the data conducted through an online survey of 500 people. The research took place in Busan, a metropolitan city with a population of about 3.4 million, where the involvement of public sector on carsharing operations is significantly lacking. First, an importance-performance analysis was performed on the responses that had experienced car-sharing in the past. The result confirmed that the ways to reserve, pick-up/return, and the cost were the important factors on the user satisfaction. Second, we employed binary logistic regression based on the Stated Preference survey technique on the responses that had not experienced car-sharing, but with the intention to use car-sharing in the future. As a result, the probability of choosing car-sharing decreased as the cost and wait time increased. In particular, it has been found that returning a vehicle at a desired place is more than four times preferred than returning at the rented location. Based on the analysis, we concluded that the active engagement of the public sector is necessary in improving the efficiency of operations, such as the provisions on potential pickup/return spots available for private operators, and policy implications to ease the regulatory standards.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122756503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：