ABSTRACT Mobility is a critical factor of urban development and the cause of frequent changes in city infrastructure and in public spaces. The study of mobility in historic places and landmarks in the city of Aguascalientes, using qualitative research methods, helped to understand the incremental loss of heritage architecture in the last decades. There are several reasons to visit a historic site and tourism levels have increased lately in Mexico. Besides the importance of tourism, there are people who go to work there, some others attend schools, and a few of them live in the historic centre. The analysis of parking lots inventory wasn’t enough to understand mobility in historic places. It was through the design and implementation of a survey, using a qualitative statistical method, that research determined the origin of visitors, visiting times, level of education, transportation means and the way people use historic places. Furthermore, such research method determined the relationship of these factors by a multiple correspondence analysis. This analysis helped in reconstructing relevant information about such visitors. The qualitative was obtained from a printed questionnaire in person. The data clarified patterns of relationships and correspondence among variables. So the perception of the visitors showed the effects of the mobility in historic places. Tourism and mobility should foster preservation ethics nowadays. Additionally, it’s possible to promote the use of less polluting transportation in historic places. It’s achievable to design and install a light rail transit system (LRT) into the historic centre. For example, a good design could include an optimum track alignment for a LRT corridor on Madero Av. in the city of Aguascalientes, from the principal square to the main railroad station. This also could improve a sustainable development in the near future.
{"title":"URBAN MOBILITY AND QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HISTORIC PLACES","authors":"A. Collazo","doi":"10.2495/ut180251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180251","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Mobility is a critical factor of urban development and the cause of frequent changes in city infrastructure and in public spaces. The study of mobility in historic places and landmarks in the city of Aguascalientes, using qualitative research methods, helped to understand the incremental loss of heritage architecture in the last decades. There are several reasons to visit a historic site and tourism levels have increased lately in Mexico. Besides the importance of tourism, there are people who go to work there, some others attend schools, and a few of them live in the historic centre. The analysis of parking lots inventory wasn’t enough to understand mobility in historic places. It was through the design and implementation of a survey, using a qualitative statistical method, that research determined the origin of visitors, visiting times, level of education, transportation means and the way people use historic places. Furthermore, such research method determined the relationship of these factors by a multiple correspondence analysis. This analysis helped in reconstructing relevant information about such visitors. The qualitative was obtained from a printed questionnaire in person. The data clarified patterns of relationships and correspondence among variables. So the perception of the visitors showed the effects of the mobility in historic places. Tourism and mobility should foster preservation ethics nowadays. Additionally, it’s possible to promote the use of less polluting transportation in historic places. It’s achievable to design and install a light rail transit system (LRT) into the historic centre. For example, a good design could include an optimum track alignment for a LRT corridor on Madero Av. in the city of Aguascalientes, from the principal square to the main railroad station. This also could improve a sustainable development in the near future.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129296817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It has been an issue for the South Korean government to understand the sufficiency of its transportation infrastructure supply. One of the widely accepted ways to identify the proper amount of transportation infrastructure supply of a country is to compare the country’s total amount to that of other countries, using indices such as total road length per capita or total road length per registered number of cars. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of international comparisons based on these indices and to provide ideas that can help identify the reasonable amount of transportation infrastructure supply for a country. The study found that international comparisons through indices may result in very different outcomes depending on the indices applied. When total road length per square meter is used, South Korea is ranked below the average among the OECD member countries. However, the rank goes up to 3rd or higher when the comparison is conducted with total road length per capita. This study proposes an index for identifying a country’s transportation infrastructure supply in the transportation sector with a “volume-to-capacity ratio”. With the availability of international data for measuring volume-to-capacity ratio, the index would work as an appropriate measure since it considers both demand and supply of transportation capacity, particularly travel demand’s behaviours responding to the limited capacity of the networks. The study concludes with ideas to enhance the indices, for example, reflecting the recent paradigm shift of the transportation policy that considers user satisfaction of the provided transportation services.
{"title":"INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS OF SOCIAL OVERHEAD CAPITAL STOCK: FOCUSED ON THE TRANSPORTATION SECTOR","authors":"Donghyung Yook","doi":"10.2495/ut180271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180271","url":null,"abstract":"It has been an issue for the South Korean government to understand the sufficiency of its transportation infrastructure supply. One of the widely accepted ways to identify the proper amount of transportation infrastructure supply of a country is to compare the country’s total amount to that of other countries, using indices such as total road length per capita or total road length per registered number of cars. The purpose of this study is to identify the problems of international comparisons based on these indices and to provide ideas that can help identify the reasonable amount of transportation infrastructure supply for a country. The study found that international comparisons through indices may result in very different outcomes depending on the indices applied. When total road length per square meter is used, South Korea is ranked below the average among the OECD member countries. However, the rank goes up to 3rd or higher when the comparison is conducted with total road length per capita. This study proposes an index for identifying a country’s transportation infrastructure supply in the transportation sector with a “volume-to-capacity ratio”. With the availability of international data for measuring volume-to-capacity ratio, the index would work as an appropriate measure since it considers both demand and supply of transportation capacity, particularly travel demand’s behaviours responding to the limited capacity of the networks. The study concludes with ideas to enhance the indices, for example, reflecting the recent paradigm shift of the transportation policy that considers user satisfaction of the provided transportation services.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123024472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Railway projects are extremely expensive and long-lasting investments. Most countries are facing difficulties funding these projects from their national budget. Such projects clearly have an impact on land use and land value. Literature shows that property and land values increase after a transport investment is made in a particular corridor. Rail system projects have the highest impact on property values, because they increase accessibility to urban areas. Rail system projects are becoming very popular in Turkey, especially in Istanbul, one of the most important and most populated cities in Turkey. Existing road, sea and rail transport systems are not sufficient to meet the demand for mobility in the city. Since urban public transport systems rarely make a profit, they do not attract private investors. Furthermore, it is not possible to pay for all rail system investments from public funds. This paper aims to develop a new model for the financing of rail systems in Turkey. The main aim is to calculate with a Hedonic Pricing model the impact of the proximity of a property to a station of a rail system on the value of that property, and then to reflect this impact on a proposed rail system project in Istanbul. In the Hedonic Pricing model, properties are characterized by their composite attributes, thus the value of a property can be calculated by adding up the estimated value of all its separate attributes. This model makes it possible to calculate the impact of each and every attribute of a property on its value. In this study the distance to a metro station is the primary attribute with other structural features also affecting property value. The model is run with 11 attributes. As a result of this model a coefficient can be calculated that relates to the impact of distance to a station on the value of the property. As a further research, recommendations will be developed to use this calculated value in the financing of railway project.
{"title":"RAILWAY FINANCING VIA URBAN DEVELOPMENT","authors":"E. Cengiz, H. Çelik","doi":"10.2495/UT180201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180201","url":null,"abstract":"Railway projects are extremely expensive and long-lasting investments. Most countries are facing difficulties funding these projects from their national budget. Such projects clearly have an impact on land use and land value. Literature shows that property and land values increase after a transport investment is made in a particular corridor. Rail system projects have the highest impact on property values, because they increase accessibility to urban areas. Rail system projects are becoming very popular in Turkey, especially in Istanbul, one of the most important and most populated cities in Turkey. Existing road, sea and rail transport systems are not sufficient to meet the demand for mobility in the city. Since urban public transport systems rarely make a profit, they do not attract private investors. Furthermore, it is not possible to pay for all rail system investments from public funds. This paper aims to develop a new model for the financing of rail systems in Turkey. The main aim is to calculate with a Hedonic Pricing model the impact of the proximity of a property to a station of a rail system on the value of that property, and then to reflect this impact on a proposed rail system project in Istanbul. In the Hedonic Pricing model, properties are characterized by their composite attributes, thus the value of a property can be calculated by adding up the estimated value of all its separate attributes. This model makes it possible to calculate the impact of each and every attribute of a property on its value. In this study the distance to a metro station is the primary attribute with other structural features also affecting property value. The model is run with 11 attributes. As a result of this model a coefficient can be calculated that relates to the impact of distance to a station on the value of the property. As a further research, recommendations will be developed to use this calculated value in the financing of railway project.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"10 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132694896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The growing awareness about the environmental impact of human activities and their influence on the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has recently affected research efforts in the transportation field. Knocking in gasoline direct ignition (GDI) engine, is a kind of abnormal combustion that can restrict engine energy efficiency. It can also lead to permanent engine damage, under specific operating conditions. This paper focuses on the state of the art of engine knock research, considering the causes, influencing aspects, effects and methodology to predict and to reduce the probability of occurrence of this phenomenon. We present some examples of experimental procedures that were followed to analyze this event, through visualization images that can be supported by numerical activity, consisting of fluid dynamic simulation of the combustion process. Different systems to measure engine knock intensity and some mathematical models to predict abnormal combustion, in order to improve engine performance, are analyzed. Finally, in this work we try to give new perspectives for future research, through the use of different techniques to achieve knocking reduction.
{"title":"ENERGY EFFICIENCY IN GASOLINE DIRECT INJECTION ENGINES","authors":"G. Marseglia, C. Medaglia","doi":"10.2495/UT180081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180081","url":null,"abstract":"The growing awareness about the environmental impact of human activities and their influence on the increased concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has recently affected research efforts in the transportation field. Knocking in gasoline direct ignition (GDI) engine, is a kind of abnormal combustion that can restrict engine energy efficiency. It can also lead to permanent engine damage, under specific operating conditions. This paper focuses on the state of the art of engine knock research, considering the causes, influencing aspects, effects and methodology to predict and to reduce the probability of occurrence of this phenomenon. We present some examples of experimental procedures that were followed to analyze this event, through visualization images that can be supported by numerical activity, consisting of fluid dynamic simulation of the combustion process. Different systems to measure engine knock intensity and some mathematical models to predict abnormal combustion, in order to improve engine performance, are analyzed. Finally, in this work we try to give new perspectives for future research, through the use of different techniques to achieve knocking reduction.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131029960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. Ajayi, M. Agarana, M. Agarana, I. Akinwumi, I. Okokpujie, E. Salawu, A. Abioye, S. Afolalu, R. Leramo
This work investigates the phenomenon of transport induced building vibrations in the study area with a view to creating suitable model which can be used at any time to predict the extent of building oscillations created by vehicular movements on adjacent roads, based on ‘the volume of heavy vehicle traffic hypothesis. Series of interviews were conducted and a randomized manual volumetric heavyvehicle traffic counts were carried out at one of the sites used for the study. Results showed that 100% of the respondents agreed to the stated effects of vehicle transportation, which include noise, vibrations, accidents and carbon monoxide emissions while 86.7% agree that traffic-induced building vibrations are caused by heavy vehicular movements within the study areas. The outcome of the volumetric count was employed with suitable assumption that is based on the volume of heavy vehicle traffic hypothesis to develop a model for predicting rate of traffic-induced building vibrations. This model can also be used to predict extent of damage when the damage parameters resulting from such individual vibrations are known. This study is used to show a pathway to predicting extent of annoyance which can result from vehicular movements in an area.
{"title":"MODELLING RATE OF TRAFFIC-INDUCED BUILDING VIBRATIONS IN SANGO-OTA, NIGERIA: AN ASSUMPTION BASED ANALYSIS","authors":"O. Ajayi, M. Agarana, M. Agarana, I. Akinwumi, I. Okokpujie, E. Salawu, A. Abioye, S. Afolalu, R. Leramo","doi":"10.2495/ut180281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180281","url":null,"abstract":"This work investigates the phenomenon of transport induced building vibrations in the study area with a view to creating suitable model which can be used at any time to predict the extent of building oscillations created by vehicular movements on adjacent roads, based on ‘the volume of heavy vehicle traffic hypothesis. Series of interviews were conducted and a randomized manual volumetric heavyvehicle traffic counts were carried out at one of the sites used for the study. Results showed that 100% of the respondents agreed to the stated effects of vehicle transportation, which include noise, vibrations, accidents and carbon monoxide emissions while 86.7% agree that traffic-induced building vibrations are caused by heavy vehicular movements within the study areas. The outcome of the volumetric count was employed with suitable assumption that is based on the volume of heavy vehicle traffic hypothesis to develop a model for predicting rate of traffic-induced building vibrations. This model can also be used to predict extent of damage when the damage parameters resulting from such individual vibrations are known. This study is used to show a pathway to predicting extent of annoyance which can result from vehicular movements in an area.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125430944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Planning and design decisions are crucial for creating safer and sustainable public transportation alternatives. People who live in cities isolate themselves from facilities of the city because of safety and security issues, which reduce their quality of life. Security issues also create a barrier to a participation in the public life and reduce the liveability of the city. This paper uses specific data derived from the responses to a public transportation survey on the subway in addition to the systematic observations. The study includes 351 respondents and analyses their transportation-related habits and feelings of insecurity through the whole journey in Izmir subway. In this respect, this particular study concludes by creating a spatial model, which includes environment/product/management issues for investigating the importance of safety through public transportation and also for developing sustainable solutions.
{"title":"IMPROVING PERCEIVED SAFETY IN PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION THROUGH DESIGN","authors":"D. Deniz","doi":"10.2495/UT180191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180191","url":null,"abstract":"Planning and design decisions are crucial for creating safer and sustainable public transportation alternatives. People who live in cities isolate themselves from facilities of the city because of safety and security issues, which reduce their quality of life. Security issues also create a barrier to a participation in the public life and reduce the liveability of the city. This paper uses specific data derived from the responses to a public transportation survey on the subway in addition to the systematic observations. The study includes 351 respondents and analyses their transportation-related habits and feelings of insecurity through the whole journey in Izmir subway. In this respect, this particular study concludes by creating a spatial model, which includes environment/product/management issues for investigating the importance of safety through public transportation and also for developing sustainable solutions.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125731509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Restricted emission regulations force the transportation sector to seek a better vehicle fuel solution, and the uptake of Electric Vehicle is to be encouraged because it has no exhaust emission. Previous literature had shown that range freedom and cost were the main barriers and safety aspects were often considered as technological issues. Recent research indicates that early adopters of innovative EVs do have concerns about safety issues although it was not on top of the list. However, research into the public perception of alternative fuelled EVs in terms of safety has been limited to date. In this paper, a quantitative study is undertaken to investigate the public safety concern of three types of vehicle powertrain: the internal combustion engine, the hybrid electric and the solely electric vehicle. The survey consisted of two identical sets of questionnaires (one was in English, and another in Chinese) to collect data from people with different cultural background. It was expected that this would provide a reasonable number of responses to reflect the public. This study indicates that the main safety concerns are associated with the level of vehicle knowledge and the power supply components despite the powertrain type. The high awareness of mechanical failure is only evident in the conventional fuel powertrain and gradually reduced when moving towards solely electric powertrain to compensate for the rise of electrical failure awareness. It also indicates that the awareness of the specifics of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is not widespread amongst the public as almost all the participants considered that the electric vehicle is powered by batteries only. As a result, this paper suggests that there is a need to educate the drivers with the desired knowledge while simply driving the vehicle could potentially be an effective way to improve public acceptance of any alternative fuel vehicle
{"title":"EXPLORING PATHWAYS TO NEGATE SAFETY CONCERNS AND IMPROVE PUBLIC ACCEPTANCE OF ALTERNATIVE FUELLED ELECTRIC VEHICLES","authors":"Hanlin Li, R. Welsh, A. Morris","doi":"10.2495/UT180101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180101","url":null,"abstract":"Restricted emission regulations force the transportation sector to seek a better vehicle fuel solution, and the uptake of Electric Vehicle is to be encouraged because it has no exhaust emission. Previous literature had shown that range freedom and cost were the main barriers and safety aspects were often\u0000considered as technological issues. Recent research indicates that early adopters of innovative EVs do have concerns about safety issues although it was not on top of the list. However, research into the public perception of alternative fuelled EVs in terms of safety has been limited to date. In this paper, a\u0000quantitative study is undertaken to investigate the public safety concern of three types of vehicle powertrain: the internal combustion engine, the hybrid electric and the solely electric vehicle. The survey consisted of two identical sets of questionnaires (one was in English, and another in Chinese) to\u0000collect data from people with different cultural background. It was expected that this would provide a reasonable number of responses to reflect the public. This study indicates that the main safety concerns are associated with the level of vehicle knowledge and the power supply components despite the powertrain type. The high awareness of mechanical failure is only evident in the conventional fuel\u0000powertrain and gradually reduced when moving towards solely electric powertrain to compensate for the rise of electrical failure awareness. It also indicates that the awareness of the specifics of hydrogen\u0000fuel cell vehicles is not widespread amongst the public as almost all the participants considered that the electric vehicle is powered by batteries only. As a result, this paper suggests that there is a need to educate the drivers with the desired knowledge while simply driving the vehicle could potentially be an effective way to improve public acceptance of any alternative fuel vehicle","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129614991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shared ride-hailing services are discreetly emerging in cities all over the world, with the purpose of providing a transport service more flexible than the public bus and cheaper than the regular taxi. Hence, it is important to identify and include the relevant and key factors of such a service to ensure its success. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of an on-demand shared ride-hailing commuting service and determine the design factors for an appropriate service from the users’ perspective. For one week, a pilot of a shared ride-hailing services to commute from the city centre of Barcelona to the most western district of the city was conducted. Although the sample used in this study was modest in scale, it enabled to draw preliminary conclusions. Users valued very positively the comfort provided but they would not pay more than the double of the price of the public transport. This indicates that despite having a high number of users, such a low price could complicate the profitability of the service unless it was partially subsidized.
{"title":"STUDY OF ON-DEMAND SHARED RIDE-HAILING COMMUTING SERVICE: FIRST RESULTS FROM A CASE STUDY IN BARCELONA","authors":"Mireia Gilibert, Imma Ribas, S. Rodriguez-Donaire","doi":"10.2495/UT180121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/UT180121","url":null,"abstract":"Shared ride-hailing services are discreetly emerging in cities all over the world, with the purpose of providing a transport service more flexible than the public bus and cheaper than the regular taxi. Hence, it is important to identify and include the relevant and key factors of such a service to ensure its success. The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of an on-demand shared ride-hailing commuting service and determine the design factors for an appropriate service from the users’ perspective. For one week, a pilot of a shared ride-hailing services to commute from the city centre of Barcelona to the most western district of the city was conducted. Although the sample used in this study was modest in scale, it enabled to draw preliminary conclusions. Users valued very positively the comfort provided but they would not pay more than the double of the price of the public transport. This indicates that despite having a high number of users, such a low price could complicate the profitability of the service unless it was partially subsidized.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126390074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SUMP – Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan – introduced by the European Union in 2013, is a strategic mobility tool intended to promote sustainable activities at an urban level. The SUMP wants to improve the quality of life of citizens and to involve people and stakeholders in the decision-making process. The “Bremen Declaration on Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning in Europe” (2016), has definitely defined that a good SUMP should: integrate the mobility planning into urban planning; support environmental, social and economic sustainability; and adopt an urban vision giving priority to people rather than vehicles, promoting pedestrian and cycling mobility. The paper joins the ongoing debate on sustainable mobility considering another aspect that should be included in the SUMP: urban safety and security. The authors put into relation the concepts of safety and security with the concept of sustainability. Currently, also the most innovative plans consider urban safety and security only with regard to road accidents. Although this last aspect is of paramount importance, we should be careful not to overlook a more global approach to safety and security. A place is considered safe in relation to its crime rate, risk perception, environmental or social degradation. The research intends to define a new approach that considers a rather broader and deeper view of the issue of urban safety and security within the SUMP. The methodological approach initially uses the SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis to investigate the state-of-the-art of the SUMPS toll. The authors identified a series of indicators – objective and subjective – to measure urban safety and security. Subjective indicator aims at quantifying the perception of risk by the population, which lives, studies, works in the urban area under study. Finally, the authors applied the methodology proposed in this article to the city centre of Genoa.
{"title":"SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY AND URBAN SAFETY AND SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF THE CITY CENTRE OF GENOA, ITALY","authors":"S. Candia, F. Pirlone, I. Spadaro","doi":"10.2495/ut180181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2495/ut180181","url":null,"abstract":"The SUMP – Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan – introduced by the European Union in 2013, is a strategic mobility tool intended to promote sustainable activities at an urban level. The SUMP wants to improve the quality of life of citizens and to involve people and stakeholders in the decision-making process. The “Bremen Declaration on Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning in Europe” (2016), has definitely defined that a good SUMP should: integrate the mobility planning into urban planning; support environmental, social and economic sustainability; and adopt an urban vision giving priority to people rather than vehicles, promoting pedestrian and cycling mobility. The paper joins the ongoing debate on sustainable mobility considering another aspect that should be included in the SUMP: urban safety and security. The authors put into relation the concepts of safety and security with the concept of sustainability. Currently, also the most innovative plans consider urban safety and security only with regard to road accidents. Although this last aspect is of paramount importance, we should be careful not to overlook a more global approach to safety and security. A place is considered safe in relation to its crime rate, risk perception, environmental or social degradation. The research intends to define a new approach that considers a rather broader and deeper view of the issue of urban safety and security within the SUMP. The methodological approach initially uses the SWOT (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis to investigate the state-of-the-art of the SUMPS toll. The authors identified a series of indicators – objective and subjective – to measure urban safety and security. Subjective indicator aims at quantifying the perception of risk by the population, which lives, studies, works in the urban area under study. Finally, the authors applied the methodology proposed in this article to the city centre of Genoa.","PeriodicalId":315494,"journal":{"name":"Urban Transport XXIV","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128930078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maeva Philippot, J. Smekens, J. Mierlo, M. Messagie
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV) are seen as a solution for cleaner mobility, due to their ability to reduce air emissions in cities. Batteries are key components that have a large influence on performances of EVs. Energy density is an important requirement from automotive industry, therefore the goal of this study is to assess the impact of a traction battery with new cells containing a high voltage NMC cathode and silicon alloy based anode on climate change. Silicon is a promising material for traction batteries, considering its high energy density. The scope of the paper is the manufacturing. This study uses the life cycle assessment method. Setting coherent system boundaries and functional units is essential and literature regarding these choices is reviewed. Site-specific data from industrial partners is collected as much as possible. The uncertainty of the results is then assessed thanks to a Monte Carlo simulation. The main contributor to climate change is cell manufacturing due to the use of fossil resources for electricity generation. The next big contributor is the cathode paste, half of the cathode paste emissions occurring in the nickel sulphate manufacturing. Note that nickel sulphate is the main precursor in the cathode. Substrates, electrolytes and separators do not represent high shares of emissions, even though they represent almost 40% of the cell mass. To evaluate the robustness of the conclusions, a sensitivity analysis is performed. Today, most of batteries are manufactured in China and the European Commission is pushing toward a more local production. The sensitivity of the results is tested by replacing the original mix by the Chinese average mix and by renewable energy sources. In conclusion, manufacturing in Europe can reduce the impact on climate change and using hydropower and/or photovoltaic panels can even improve the environmental performances of manufacturing of this battery.
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