François Régis Twiringirimana, Clémentine Kanazayire, Okyere Bright Vandyke, Andrew Kanzunguze, Reverien Rutayisire, Grace Ogbona
IntroductionThe Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT) is accepted as the gold standard tool to measure Intraocular Pressure (IOP). Besides, there is an emerging Icare Rebound Tonometer (RBT) which can be an alternative in terms of measuring IOP.ObjectiveThis research aimed to analyze the agreement, and repeatability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and compare the outcomes of RBT and GAT among Mzuzu University Students in Malawi.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, 107 participants aged 18 to 29 years underwent ophthalmic examination with three IOP measurements taken by two examiners using the RBT and the GAT. ResultsThe RBT and GAT were found to have a strong correlation (r=0.809, p>0.001), with an intra-class correlation of 0.787 (p>0.001). The mean difference of IOP measured by the two machines was 1.99±1.05mmHg, which was statistically significant. However, according to Bland-Altman analysis, there was no agreement between the results given by the two machines, with a bias of -1.979 (CI -2.28, -1.68, p > 0.001). In terms of repeatability, GAT was found to be better than RBT, with a CR of 7.512 and 10.418 respectively.ConclusionThe RBT and GAT can offer comparable IOP measures. Therefore, RBT can be recommended for community outreach programs where GAT cannot be employed. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):184-190
Goldmann眼压计(GAT)被认为是测量眼压(IOP)的金标准工具。此外，还有一种新兴的Icare反弹眼压计(RBT)，可以作为测量眼压的替代方法。目的分析马拉维Mzuzu大学学生眼压测量的一致性和可重复性，并比较RBT和GAT的结果。方法:在本横断面研究中，107名18至29岁的参与者接受了眼科检查，由两名检查人员使用RBT和GAT测量了3次IOP。结果RBT与GAT有很强的相关性(r=0.809, p>0.001)，类内相关性为0.787 (p>0.001)。两机测眼压平均差为1.99±1.05mmHg，差异有统计学意义。然而，根据Bland-Altman分析，两台机器给出的结果不一致，偏差为-1.979 (CI -2.28， -1.68, p > 0.001)。在重复性方面，GAT优于RBT, CR分别为7.512和10.418。结论RBT和GAT可提供可比较的眼压测量。因此，RBT可以推荐用于不能使用GAT的社区外展项目。卢旺达医学与健康科学，2023;6(2):184-190
{"title":"Outcomes of the Icare Rebound Tonometer versus the Gold Standard Tonometer in Measuring Intraocular Pressure among Mzuzu University Students, Malawi","authors":"François Régis Twiringirimana, Clémentine Kanazayire, Okyere Bright Vandyke, Andrew Kanzunguze, Reverien Rutayisire, Grace Ogbona","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.9","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionThe Goldmann Applanation Tonometer (GAT) is accepted as the gold standard tool to measure Intraocular Pressure (IOP). Besides, there is an emerging Icare Rebound Tonometer (RBT) which can be an alternative in terms of measuring IOP.ObjectiveThis research aimed to analyze the agreement, and repeatability of intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements and compare the outcomes of RBT and GAT among Mzuzu University Students in Malawi.MethodsFor this cross-sectional study, 107 participants aged 18 to 29 years underwent ophthalmic examination with three IOP measurements taken by two examiners using the RBT and the GAT. ResultsThe RBT and GAT were found to have a strong correlation (r=0.809, p>0.001), with an intra-class correlation of 0.787 (p>0.001). The mean difference of IOP measured by the two machines was 1.99±1.05mmHg, which was statistically significant. However, according to Bland-Altman analysis, there was no agreement between the results given by the two machines, with a bias of -1.979 (CI -2.28, -1.68, p > 0.001). In terms of repeatability, GAT was found to be better than RBT, with a CR of 7.512 and 10.418 respectively.ConclusionThe RBT and GAT can offer comparable IOP measures. Therefore, RBT can be recommended for community outreach programs where GAT cannot be employed. \u0000Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):184-190","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121201616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aloyce P. Urassa, Mwanaidi P. Kudra, R. Kaaya, D. Kajeguka, Sixbert I Mkumbaye
BackgroundMonitoring gametocytes in the population can inform about the human infective reservoir, which greatly aids malaria transmission, and provide relevant data for transmission models. Using molecular techniques in preference to light microscopy to detect gametocytes may lead to most reliable results. Effective determination of gametocytes is inevitable to achieve the transmission-blocking interventions as a prime target to end malaria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes in malaria-positive cases from Korogwe district hospital MethodologyArchived DNA samples collected from Korogwe district hospital collected in a cross-sectional study were used to determine the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes using specific primers for cPCR targeting a Pfg27 gene. Demographic data, including blood slides data were retrieved from the database for statistical analysis. ResultsWith light microscopy, prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes was 9.8%; sensitivity and specificity were 35.6% and 99.2% respectively. The cPCR gave a prevalence of 25.9%, with a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 81.5%. The cPCR was diagnostically found to be significantly superior over light microscopy technique (X2=45.780, P < 0.001). ConclusioncPCR is superior to light microscopy technique in detecting P. falciparum gametocytes when one considers a successive malaria transmission-blocking intervention. Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):175-183
背景监测人群中的配子体可以了解人类感染库，为疟疾传播提供重要依据，并为疟疾传播模型的建立提供相关数据。使用分子技术而不是光学显微镜来检测配子体可能会产生最可靠的结果。有效确定配子体是实现传播阻断干预作为消灭疟疾的主要目标的必然选择。方法:采用横断面研究中收集的Korogwe地区医院存档的DNA样本，使用针对Pfg27基因的cPCR特异性引物，测定恶性疟原虫配子细胞的患病率。从数据库中检索人口统计数据，包括血玻片数据进行统计分析。结果光镜下，恶性疟原虫配子体检出率为9.8%;敏感性35.6%，特异性99.2%。cPCR的患病率为25.9%，敏感性为94.1%，特异性为81.5%。cPCR在诊断上明显优于光镜技术(X2=45.780, P < 0.001)。结论cpcr技术在检测恶性疟原虫配子体方面优于光镜技术。卢旺达医学卫生科学杂志，2023;6(2):175-183
{"title":"Prevalence of Plasmodium Falciparum Gametocytes among Malaria Positive Cases at Korogwe District Hospital: The Use of Molecular Techniques in Comparison with Light Microscopy","authors":"Aloyce P. Urassa, Mwanaidi P. Kudra, R. Kaaya, D. Kajeguka, Sixbert I Mkumbaye","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.8","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundMonitoring gametocytes in the population can inform about the human infective reservoir, which greatly aids malaria transmission, and provide relevant data for transmission models. Using molecular techniques in preference to light microscopy to detect gametocytes may lead to most reliable results. Effective determination of gametocytes is inevitable to achieve the transmission-blocking interventions as a prime target to end malaria. We aimed to determine the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes in malaria-positive cases from Korogwe district hospital MethodologyArchived DNA samples collected from Korogwe district hospital collected in a cross-sectional study were used to determine the prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes using specific primers for cPCR targeting a Pfg27 gene. Demographic data, including blood slides data were retrieved from the database for statistical analysis. ResultsWith light microscopy, prevalence of P. falciparum gametocytes was 9.8%; sensitivity and specificity were 35.6% and 99.2% respectively. The cPCR gave a prevalence of 25.9%, with a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 81.5%. The cPCR was diagnostically found to be significantly superior over light microscopy technique (X2=45.780, P < 0.001). ConclusioncPCR is superior to light microscopy technique in detecting P. falciparum gametocytes when one considers a successive malaria transmission-blocking intervention. \u0000Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):175-183","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124866930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundThe World Health Organization has recommended the implementation of the Collaborative Care Model in all countries to manage the comorbidities of depression and chronic non-communicable diseases. In Rwanda depression is major problem not only among patients with chronic illnesses but also in general population considering the unique history of war and genocide in Rwanda.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the process of adaptation and testing of the Collaborative Care Model in the Rwandan healthcare context.MethodsThe larger study used the Action Research design with mixed method –sequential explanatory design. A research-practice partnership method and an iterative process was used to adapt and test the Collaborative Care Model. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour structural components to the model were adapted including the addition of a registered nurse to the team, relocation of the model to the district level, consultation with a psychiatrist every 3 months and involvement of community health workers. The evaluation indicated that the model was applicable and acceptable.ConclusionsInitial evaluation of the Adapted Collaborative Care Model shows promise in Rwanda. Implementation of this model in other Rwandan districts is warranted.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):154-160
{"title":"An Adapted Collaborative Care Model to Manage Co-morbidities of Depression and Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases in Rwanda","authors":"M. Mukeshimana, H. DeVon","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.6","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThe World Health Organization has recommended the implementation of the Collaborative Care Model in all countries to manage the comorbidities of depression and chronic non-communicable diseases. In Rwanda depression is major problem not only among patients with chronic illnesses but also in general population considering the unique history of war and genocide in Rwanda.PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the process of adaptation and testing of the Collaborative Care Model in the Rwandan healthcare context.MethodsThe larger study used the Action Research design with mixed method –sequential explanatory design. A research-practice partnership method and an iterative process was used to adapt and test the Collaborative Care Model. Qualitative content analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsFour structural components to the model were adapted including the addition of a registered nurse to the team, relocation of the model to the district level, consultation with a psychiatrist every 3 months and involvement of community health workers. The evaluation indicated that the model was applicable and acceptable.ConclusionsInitial evaluation of the Adapted Collaborative Care Model shows promise in Rwanda. Implementation of this model in other Rwandan districts is warranted.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):154-160","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115127502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniel Ntabanganyimana, Albert Ndagijimana, Noella Benemariya, Michael Habtu, Joseph Ntaganira
BackgroundFemale sex workers (FSWs) are more likely to be infected by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than the general population. In Sub-Saharan countries, 18% of new HIV infections is attributed to FSWs.Study objectiveTo determine HIV prevalence and its determinants among FSWs in Rwanda.MethodologyA cross-sectional biological and behavioral surveillance survey in hotspots was conducted among FSWs countrywide. HIV laboratory tests were performed. Proportions and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with HIV in FSWs.ResultsThe survey enrolled 1,883 FSWs. Of 1,770 FSWs who consented for HIV testing, 607 were HIV positive, giving the prevalence of 34% (95%CI= 32.11-36.54). High HIV prevalence was associated with age of 25 years or more (aOR = 3.68; 95%, CI: 2.62–5.18) and more than 5 years of sexwork (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.63). HIV prevalence and having more than three dependents (aOR= 0.34; 95%CI=0.23-0.5) and completing secondary and beyond education (aOR=0.50; 95%CI=0.36-0.71) were inversely related.ConclusionHIV prevalence is still high among FSWs in Rwanda. Prevention strategies should target the old ones in five first years of sex work and the less educated.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):208-214
{"title":"Prevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus among Female Sex Workers and Associated Risk Factors in Rwanda, 2019","authors":"Daniel Ntabanganyimana, Albert Ndagijimana, Noella Benemariya, Michael Habtu, Joseph Ntaganira","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.12","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundFemale sex workers (FSWs) are more likely to be infected by Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) than the general population. In Sub-Saharan countries, 18% of new HIV infections is attributed to FSWs.Study objectiveTo determine HIV prevalence and its determinants among FSWs in Rwanda.MethodologyA cross-sectional biological and behavioral surveillance survey in hotspots was conducted among FSWs countrywide. HIV laboratory tests were performed. Proportions and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with HIV in FSWs.ResultsThe survey enrolled 1,883 FSWs. Of 1,770 FSWs who consented for HIV testing, 607 were HIV positive, giving the prevalence of 34% (95%CI= 32.11-36.54). High HIV prevalence was associated with age of 25 years or more (aOR = 3.68; 95%, CI: 2.62–5.18) and more than 5 years of sexwork (aOR = 1.31; 95% CI: 1.05–1.63). HIV prevalence and having more than three dependents (aOR= 0.34; 95%CI=0.23-0.5) and completing secondary and beyond education (aOR=0.50; 95%CI=0.36-0.71) were inversely related.ConclusionHIV prevalence is still high among FSWs in Rwanda. Prevention strategies should target the old ones in five first years of sex work and the less educated.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):208-214","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135313708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Theogene Kubahoniyesu, Clemence Nishimwe, Michael Habtu
BackgroundFirst trimester antenatal care (ANC) initiation has been shown to improve the health outcomes for both mothers and unborn children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of first trimester ANC use and associated factors among adolescent mothers in Rwanda. MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study and analyzed the data of 6th Rwanda demographic and health survey (RDHS 2019-2020). Proportion, bivariate and multivariable analysis were employed to identify factors associated with first ANC use.ResultsThe prevalence of first trimester antenatal care utilization among 354 adolescent mothers was 46%. Advanced age (AOR=1.82; 95%CI = 1.096-2.305), secondary education level (AOR=1.36; 95%CI = 1.080 - 1.960), coming to rich family (AOR = 2.10; 95%CI = 1.830 – 5.162), residing near health facility (AOR=1.17; 95%CI= 1.065 - 2.011), permitted to go to health facility (AOR=2.13; 95%CI = 1.857 – 3.363) were positively associated with ANC services use. However, the negative association was found with later pregnancy desire (AOR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.149 – 0.781).ConclusionThe prevalence of first trimester ANC was low. In view of that, more effort should be made to increase adolescent mothers' knowledge regarding the ANC services utilization and timely booking.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):239-250
{"title":"First Trimester Antenatal Care Utilization and Associated Factors among Adolescent Mothers in Rwanda","authors":"Theogene Kubahoniyesu, Clemence Nishimwe, Michael Habtu","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.15","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundFirst trimester antenatal care (ANC) initiation has been shown to improve the health outcomes for both mothers and unborn children. This study aimed at determining the prevalence of first trimester ANC use and associated factors among adolescent mothers in Rwanda. MethodsThis study was a cross-sectional study and analyzed the data of 6th Rwanda demographic and health survey (RDHS 2019-2020). Proportion, bivariate and multivariable analysis were employed to identify factors associated with first ANC use.ResultsThe prevalence of first trimester antenatal care utilization among 354 adolescent mothers was 46%. Advanced age (AOR=1.82; 95%CI = 1.096-2.305), secondary education level (AOR=1.36; 95%CI = 1.080 - 1.960), coming to rich family (AOR = 2.10; 95%CI = 1.830 – 5.162), residing near health facility (AOR=1.17; 95%CI= 1.065 - 2.011), permitted to go to health facility (AOR=2.13; 95%CI = 1.857 – 3.363) were positively associated with ANC services use. However, the negative association was found with later pregnancy desire (AOR = 0.42; 95%CI = 0.149 – 0.781).ConclusionThe prevalence of first trimester ANC was low. In view of that, more effort should be made to increase adolescent mothers' knowledge regarding the ANC services utilization and timely booking.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):239-250","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127633233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundVarious studies conducted on factors influencing men’s health seeking behavior suggested that men are less likely to seek professional medical help for diverse health problems and also pointed out that their reluctance to seek health is a major hindrance to their well-being.ObjectiveTo determine factors influencing men’s health seeking behavior and use of health services in Gasabo District.MethodsThe 247 men aged above 18 years residing in Gasabo District participated in this cross sectional study for quantitative data and ten in-depth interviews were conducted. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were also computed.ResultsAmong the key findings, 61.5% of the respondents had high level of health seeking behavior and for multivariable logistic analysis the following variables were independently associated with high level of health seeking behavior: men whose age was above 40 years (AOR = 3.00; 95%CI= 1.26-7.14; p value=0.013); men with tertiary level of education (AOR = 3.78; 95%CI= 1.29-11.05; p value=0.015); men with casual work (AOR = 2.30; 95%CI= 1.23-4.31; p value=0.09); and men with health insurance (AOR = 4.33; 95%CI= 1.08-17.32 ;p value=0.038).ConclusionMen moderately utilize healthcare services and there are modifiable characteristics, perceptions and beliefs among men that hinder them from utilizing health care services.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):215-227
{"title":"Factors Influencing the Health Seeking Behaviour of Men in Gasabo District, Rwanda","authors":"Sophie Uwimana, R. Okova, Michael Habtu","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.13","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundVarious studies conducted on factors influencing men’s health seeking behavior suggested that men are less likely to seek professional medical help for diverse health problems and also pointed out that their reluctance to seek health is a major hindrance to their well-being.ObjectiveTo determine factors influencing men’s health seeking behavior and use of health services in Gasabo District.MethodsThe 247 men aged above 18 years residing in Gasabo District participated in this cross sectional study for quantitative data and ten in-depth interviews were conducted. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were also computed.ResultsAmong the key findings, 61.5% of the respondents had high level of health seeking behavior and for multivariable logistic analysis the following variables were independently associated with high level of health seeking behavior: men whose age was above 40 years (AOR = 3.00; 95%CI= 1.26-7.14; p value=0.013); men with tertiary level of education (AOR = 3.78; 95%CI= 1.29-11.05; p value=0.015); men with casual work (AOR = 2.30; 95%CI= 1.23-4.31; p value=0.09); and men with health insurance (AOR = 4.33; 95%CI= 1.08-17.32 ;p value=0.038).ConclusionMen moderately utilize healthcare services and there are modifiable characteristics, perceptions and beliefs among men that hinder them from utilizing health care services.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):215-227","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129596429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Uwayezu, Mireille Ishimwe Cyeza, Betty Mukantwali, J. Nshimiyimana, Diane Umuhoza, Peace Uwambaye, A. Gatarayiha, Danilo Malines Zambrano
BackgroundPsychiatric patients are prone to different oral health problems. This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards oral care of psychiatric patients due to their limited mental abilities of self-control at a Teaching Hospital.Methods and materialsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted at a Teaching Hospital using self-administered questionnaire. Sixty-five nurses were enrolled through census sampling method in December 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 by applying descriptive statistics to assess nurse’s knowledge attitude and practices towards oral care.ResultsThe results showed that 53 (93%) nurses had poor knowledge. Also 44(75%) of nurses had inappropriate practice and among them 33(57.9%) had positive attitude.ConclusionThis study found that high number of nurses had poor knowledge and inappropriate practices and half of them had positive attitude. Therefore, there is a need training for nurses to increase their level of knowledge and improve their practice regarding oral care of psychiatric patients.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):135-142
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Nurses towards Oral Care of Psychiatric Patients at a Teaching Hospital, Kigali, Rwanda","authors":"D. Uwayezu, Mireille Ishimwe Cyeza, Betty Mukantwali, J. Nshimiyimana, Diane Umuhoza, Peace Uwambaye, A. Gatarayiha, Danilo Malines Zambrano","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.4","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPsychiatric patients are prone to different oral health problems. This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards oral care of psychiatric patients due to their limited mental abilities of self-control at a Teaching Hospital.Methods and materialsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted at a Teaching Hospital using self-administered questionnaire. Sixty-five nurses were enrolled through census sampling method in December 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 by applying descriptive statistics to assess nurse’s knowledge attitude and practices towards oral care.ResultsThe results showed that 53 (93%) nurses had poor knowledge. Also 44(75%) of nurses had inappropriate practice and among them 33(57.9%) had positive attitude.ConclusionThis study found that high number of nurses had poor knowledge and inappropriate practices and half of them had positive attitude. Therefore, there is a need training for nurses to increase their level of knowledge and improve their practice regarding oral care of psychiatric patients.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):135-142","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129704950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usiel Nsabimana, M. Isyagi, Reverien Rutayisire, Laetitia Nyirazinyoye
BackgroundDental caries in children is a public health concern affecting 60-90% of children worldwide. Dental caries perturbs children’s eating ability, school performance as well as overall quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its risk factors among children aged 11 to 12 years in Nyarugenge District in Kigali, Rwanda.MethodsThe cross-sectional analytical study design involved 400 children from Nyarugenge district. By stratified sampling, we selected Gitega and Butamwa primary schools and used systematic sampling to choose the pupils into the sample. An interview and oral examination were performed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were done.ResultsDental caries was observed in 25.5% of children. Deep pits and fissures carried a two-fold risk of getting dental caries than children without deep pits and fissures (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5; 4.0], P-value < 0.001). Dental plaque was identified as a risk factor for getting dental caries (OR=2.2, 95% CI = [1.2; 3.3], P-value: 0.01).ConclusionDental caries is a public health concern associated with poor oral hygiene, deep pit, and fissures among children aged 11 to 12 years old. Oral hygiene education, application of ART, and regular screening programs are in need.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):113-122
儿童龋齿是影响全世界60-90%儿童的公共卫生问题。龋齿会影响儿童的饮食能力、学习成绩以及整体生活质量。本研究旨在确定卢旺达基加利尼亚鲁热区11至12岁儿童龋齿患病率及其危险因素。方法采用横断面分析研究设计，对来自尼亚鲁根格地区的400名儿童进行调查。采用分层抽样的方法，选取Gitega小学和Butamwa小学，采用系统抽样的方法选择学生进入样本。进行了面试和口试。进行描述性统计和逻辑回归分析。结果儿童龋齿发生率为25.5%。有深坑和裂隙的儿童患龋的风险是无深坑和裂隙儿童的两倍(OR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5;4.0]， p值< 0.001)。牙菌斑被认为是龋齿的危险因素(OR=2.2, 95% CI = [1.2;3.3]， p值为0.01)。结论龋病是11 ~ 12岁儿童口腔卫生不良、口腔深窝、牙槽等常见的公共卫生问题。需要进行口腔卫生教育、应用抗逆转录病毒治疗和定期筛查。卢旺达医学与健康科学杂志，2023;6(2):113-122
{"title":"Dental Caries Risk Assessment in Primary School Children Aged 11 to 12 years: Case of Nyarugenge District, Rwanda","authors":"Usiel Nsabimana, M. Isyagi, Reverien Rutayisire, Laetitia Nyirazinyoye","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.2","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundDental caries in children is a public health concern affecting 60-90% of children worldwide. Dental caries perturbs children’s eating ability, school performance as well as overall quality of life. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its risk factors among children aged 11 to 12 years in Nyarugenge District in Kigali, Rwanda.MethodsThe cross-sectional analytical study design involved 400 children from Nyarugenge district. By stratified sampling, we selected Gitega and Butamwa primary schools and used systematic sampling to choose the pupils into the sample. An interview and oral examination were performed. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were done.ResultsDental caries was observed in 25.5% of children. Deep pits and fissures carried a two-fold risk of getting dental caries than children without deep pits and fissures (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = [1.5; 4.0], P-value < 0.001). Dental plaque was identified as a risk factor for getting dental caries (OR=2.2, 95% CI = [1.2; 3.3], P-value: 0.01).ConclusionDental caries is a public health concern associated with poor oral hygiene, deep pit, and fissures among children aged 11 to 12 years old. Oral hygiene education, application of ART, and regular screening programs are in need.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):113-122","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133951369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
BackgroundConstructive assessment feedback is considered one of the learner-centred pillars in the blended learning mode.PurposeExplore graduate nurses’ perceptions and experiences on assessment feedback in blended learning courses.MethodologyQualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from 15 enrolled learners in a Master’s Programme of Nursing at the University of Rwanda. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Purposive sampling and thematic data analysis were use.FindingsEight females against seven male graduate nurses participated in this study, 67% worked in health facilities and 33% worked as lecturers in Bachelor of Nursing. The graduate nurses at the University of Rwanda perceived that lecturer in blended learning used different types of assessment feedback. They experienced the reception of assessment feedback through synchronised and asynchronised channels or via paper-based mode. Effective feedback is hindered by delays, inadequate digital infrastructure, and using marks as the only form of feedback. Accordingly, the graduate nurses perceived that learners’ preparedness and involvement in the assessment feedback process are critical to establishing and enhancing deep and lifelong learning.ConclusionThe findings revealed that different types of assessment feedback were used, while different ways were utilised to deliver assessment feedback; graduate nurses perceived and experienced that prompt and sandwich feedback are pillars of effective feedback to enhance blended learning for graduate learners.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):161-174
{"title":"Graduate Nurses’ Perception and Experiences of Assessment Feedback in Blended Learning Courses at the University of Rwanda","authors":"J. Uwimana, E. Mukama","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.7","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundConstructive assessment feedback is considered one of the learner-centred pillars in the blended learning mode.PurposeExplore graduate nurses’ perceptions and experiences on assessment feedback in blended learning courses.MethodologyQualitative descriptive design with semi-structured interviews was used to collect data from 15 enrolled learners in a Master’s Programme of Nursing at the University of Rwanda. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Purposive sampling and thematic data analysis were use.FindingsEight females against seven male graduate nurses participated in this study, 67% worked in health facilities and 33% worked as lecturers in Bachelor of Nursing. The graduate nurses at the University of Rwanda perceived that lecturer in blended learning used different types of assessment feedback. They experienced the reception of assessment feedback through synchronised and asynchronised channels or via paper-based mode. Effective feedback is hindered by delays, inadequate digital infrastructure, and using marks as the only form of feedback. Accordingly, the graduate nurses perceived that learners’ preparedness and involvement in the assessment feedback process are critical to establishing and enhancing deep and lifelong learning.ConclusionThe findings revealed that different types of assessment feedback were used, while different ways were utilised to deliver assessment feedback; graduate nurses perceived and experienced that prompt and sandwich feedback are pillars of effective feedback to enhance blended learning for graduate learners.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):161-174","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127691449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Delice Ilinde Niyigena, Clemence Akurumuri Semayira, Moses Mutabazi, Naphtal Ntirushwamaboko, J. Habimana, D. Iyakaremye, Sunday François Xavier
BackgroundRwandan children's nutritional status is characterized by higher undernutrition rates. Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) have a direct impact on how well-nourished youngsters under two years old are.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess feeding practices and nutritional status among children aged six to 23 months in Nyabihu district.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 164 households having children aged six to 23 months in December 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect infants' and young children's feeding practices. Using SPSS version 20.0, data were entered and analysed. Binary logistic regression was utilized to identify association between feeding practices and nutritional status.ResultsBreastfeeding initiation within the first hour of life was 94.5%, and exclusive breastfeeding was 79.9%. Complementary foods were given timely to 73.2% of children, 47.6% had minimum meal frequency (MMF), 23.2% had minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and 15.9% were fed a minimally acceptable diet (MAD). However, 4.3% of children were wasted, 6.7% were underweight, and 23.2% were stunted. There was no significant association when variables were passed to a binary logistic regression-adjusted model.ConclusionComplementary feeding practices remain suboptimal. These practices should be improved to sustain children's nutritional status.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):228-238
{"title":"Feeding Practices and Nutritional Status among Children Aged from Six to 23 Months in Western Province, Rwanda: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Delice Ilinde Niyigena, Clemence Akurumuri Semayira, Moses Mutabazi, Naphtal Ntirushwamaboko, J. Habimana, D. Iyakaremye, Sunday François Xavier","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i2.14","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundRwandan children's nutritional status is characterized by higher undernutrition rates. Infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) have a direct impact on how well-nourished youngsters under two years old are.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess feeding practices and nutritional status among children aged six to 23 months in Nyabihu district.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted in 164 households having children aged six to 23 months in December 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect infants' and young children's feeding practices. Using SPSS version 20.0, data were entered and analysed. Binary logistic regression was utilized to identify association between feeding practices and nutritional status.ResultsBreastfeeding initiation within the first hour of life was 94.5%, and exclusive breastfeeding was 79.9%. Complementary foods were given timely to 73.2% of children, 47.6% had minimum meal frequency (MMF), 23.2% had minimum dietary diversity (MDD), and 15.9% were fed a minimally acceptable diet (MAD). However, 4.3% of children were wasted, 6.7% were underweight, and 23.2% were stunted. There was no significant association when variables were passed to a binary logistic regression-adjusted model.ConclusionComplementary feeding practices remain suboptimal. These practices should be improved to sustain children's nutritional status.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(2):228-238","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121529072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：