IntroductionPartner notification is among strategies adopted by WHO to identify people at risk of HIV infection among sexual partners with people living with HIV to achieve the 90-90-90 target. There is still a gap in Sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo assess the determinants of partner notification among people infected with HIV in Bushenge hospital.MethodsAn unmatched case control study was conducted, 141 people who successfully notified their sexual partners as controls and 141 who did not as cases were selected to identify the factors associated with partner notification. Data were analyzed with Stata V13.ResultsMost cases were female 81(58%); 91(64.5%) of cases and 97(68.8.5%) of controls were in couple, 40(28.8%)of cases and 67(48%) of controls had multiple partner. Thirty-five 35(25%) of cases and 51(36%) of controls were newly diagnosed; 73(74%) of cases and 78(86.6%) suppressed the viral load. Notification approach was associated with partner notification, aOR = 9, CI[2.8, 29].ConclusionPartner notification as one of the strategies to reach the first 90 requires more efficient and effective efforts. Different initiatives are needed especially in partner notification approach.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):53-60
{"title":"Partner Notification and Associated Factors among People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Bushenge Hospital, Rwanda","authors":"Noella Benemariya, J. Ntaganira","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionPartner notification is among strategies adopted by WHO to identify people at risk of HIV infection among sexual partners with people living with HIV to achieve the 90-90-90 target. There is still a gap in Sub-Saharan Africa.ObjectiveTo assess the determinants of partner notification among people infected with HIV in Bushenge hospital.MethodsAn unmatched case control study was conducted, 141 people who successfully notified their sexual partners as controls and 141 who did not as cases were selected to identify the factors associated with partner notification. Data were analyzed with Stata V13.ResultsMost cases were female 81(58%); 91(64.5%) of cases and 97(68.8.5%) of controls were in couple, 40(28.8%)of cases and 67(48%) of controls had multiple partner. Thirty-five 35(25%) of cases and 51(36%) of controls were newly diagnosed; 73(74%) of cases and 78(86.6%) suppressed the viral load. Notification approach was associated with partner notification, aOR = 9, CI[2.8, 29].ConclusionPartner notification as one of the strategies to reach the first 90 requires more efficient and effective efforts. Different initiatives are needed especially in partner notification approach.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2022;5(3):53-60","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122049592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Denyse Mugwaneza, A. Ndagijimana, François Hakizayezu, J. Ntaganira
BackgroundRabies is an incurable zoonotic disease of public health concern. After exposure the only effective intervention is Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Surveillance data in Rwanda shows that a high number of dog bites do not get PEP in time.ObjectivesDetermine factors associated with delays in post-exposure prophylaxis among victims of dog bites.MethodsThe retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyagatare District. It targeted people bitten by dogs and who attended Nyagatare district from January 2017 to December 2019. Review of registers and interview with victims were used to collected data using excel and analyze them using STATA version 15. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were reported.ResultsAmong 412 dog bite victims, 161 (39%) delayed getting PEP. The more likely to delay in getting PEP, were people living in rural areas, AOR = 3.54, 95%CI [2.12, 5.90], and those without medical insurance, AOR = 4.40, 95%CI [1.82-10.62].ConclusionSeeking PEP among dog bites victims is subject to delay in Nyagatare district. Local leaders should establish initiatives to support people to get medical insurance while public health officers need to prioritize sensitization for PEP for people living in rural areas.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):61-70
{"title":"Factors Associated with Delayed Rabies Post-Exposure Prophylaxis among Dog Bite Victims in Nyagatare District, Rwanda, 2017 to 2019","authors":"Denyse Mugwaneza, A. Ndagijimana, François Hakizayezu, J. Ntaganira","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundRabies is an incurable zoonotic disease of public health concern. After exposure the only effective intervention is Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP). Surveillance data in Rwanda shows that a high number of dog bites do not get PEP in time.ObjectivesDetermine factors associated with delays in post-exposure prophylaxis among victims of dog bites.MethodsThe retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Nyagatare District. It targeted people bitten by dogs and who attended Nyagatare district from January 2017 to December 2019. Review of registers and interview with victims were used to collected data using excel and analyze them using STATA version 15. Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were reported.ResultsAmong 412 dog bite victims, 161 (39%) delayed getting PEP. The more likely to delay in getting PEP, were people living in rural areas, AOR = 3.54, 95%CI [2.12, 5.90], and those without medical insurance, AOR = 4.40, 95%CI [1.82-10.62].ConclusionSeeking PEP among dog bites victims is subject to delay in Nyagatare district. Local leaders should establish initiatives to support people to get medical insurance while public health officers need to prioritize sensitization for PEP for people living in rural areas.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):61-70","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"48 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124779731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edward Ruseesa, Clarisse Marie Claudine Simbi, J. Ntaganira
IntroductionMycobacterium tuberculosis remains the main cause of death as an infectious agent of Tuberculosis in humans, particularly in resource-poor settings. Worldwide, Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of mortality.Objective of the studyThis study aims to determine the outcomes of TB treatment and assess the factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcome among TB/HIV co-infected patients in Rwanda.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all TB/HIV co-infected patients reported in the national electronic TB reporting system (e-TB) by all health facilities from July 2019 to June 2020. Frequencies, proportions, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment.ResultsThere were 1,144 people reported in the e-TB, however, only 987 were included in the study because 157 patients did not meet the inclusion criteria.The TB/HIV co-infected patients who were not given nutritional support, OR 7.3, 95%CI [1.4, 37.6] and those who were not on ART,OR15.3, 95%CI [3.6, 69.6],were more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcome than their counterparts.ConclusionUnsuccessful TB treatment outcomes were highly observed among TB/HIV co-infected patients. The study recommended reinforcing nutritional support and early initiation of ART among TB/HIV co-infected patients.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):17-26
{"title":"Tuberculosis Treatment and Factors Associated with Unsuccessful Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome among TB/HIV co-infected Patients in Rwanda: A Retrospective Cohort Study","authors":"Edward Ruseesa, Clarisse Marie Claudine Simbi, J. Ntaganira","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionMycobacterium tuberculosis remains the main cause of death as an infectious agent of Tuberculosis in humans, particularly in resource-poor settings. Worldwide, Tuberculosis is one of the top 10 causes of mortality.Objective of the studyThis study aims to determine the outcomes of TB treatment and assess the factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment outcome among TB/HIV co-infected patients in Rwanda.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of all TB/HIV co-infected patients reported in the national electronic TB reporting system (e-TB) by all health facilities from July 2019 to June 2020. Frequencies, proportions, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were performed to determine factors associated with unsuccessful TB treatment.ResultsThere were 1,144 people reported in the e-TB, however, only 987 were included in the study because 157 patients did not meet the inclusion criteria.The TB/HIV co-infected patients who were not given nutritional support, OR 7.3, 95%CI [1.4, 37.6] and those who were not on ART,OR15.3, 95%CI [3.6, 69.6],were more likely to have unsuccessful treatment outcome than their counterparts.ConclusionUnsuccessful TB treatment outcomes were highly observed among TB/HIV co-infected patients. The study recommended reinforcing nutritional support and early initiation of ART among TB/HIV co-infected patients.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):17-26","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133075667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jc Niyoyita, Laetitia Nyirazinyoye, François Hakizayezu, J. Ntaganira
BackgroundMalaria remains a public health challenge among people aged five years and above. Despite the efforts made by the government of Rwanda in malaria control, the burden of malaria continues to be a health threat among humans aged five years and aboveObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with malaria among febrile patients aged five and older in Ngoma District, Rwanda.MethodA facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 participants using a systematic sampling technique. Blood smears were tested for malaria parasites and questionnaire used for other data collection. Analysis was done using STATA version 13.0. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to determine factors associated with malaria infection at 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance at p< 0.05.ResultsAmong participants, 60.7% were females, 35.9% were of 35 years and older, Malaria parasites were identified in 257 cases (61.2%). Malaria positivity associated with age ≥35 years (AOR=3.6; CI=1.3-10.02; P=0.012) and living in Mutenderi Sector (AOR=3.15; CI: 1.2, 3.9; P=0.038).ConclusionMalaria prevalence was considerable and people living in Mutenderi Sector were more likely to suffer from it. Need of strengthening Malaria prevention in older people and in Muteneri Sector in particular.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):27-35
{"title":"Magnitude of Malaria and its Associated Factors among Febrile Patients Aged Five Years and above: A cross-sectional Study in Ngoma District, Rwanda","authors":"Jc Niyoyita, Laetitia Nyirazinyoye, François Hakizayezu, J. Ntaganira","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundMalaria remains a public health challenge among people aged five years and above. Despite the efforts made by the government of Rwanda in malaria control, the burden of malaria continues to be a health threat among humans aged five years and aboveObjectivesTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with malaria among febrile patients aged five and older in Ngoma District, Rwanda.MethodA facility based cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 participants using a systematic sampling technique. Blood smears were tested for malaria parasites and questionnaire used for other data collection. Analysis was done using STATA version 13.0. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were computed to determine factors associated with malaria infection at 95% confidence intervals and statistical significance at p< 0.05.ResultsAmong participants, 60.7% were females, 35.9% were of 35 years and older, Malaria parasites were identified in 257 cases (61.2%). Malaria positivity associated with age ≥35 years (AOR=3.6; CI=1.3-10.02; P=0.012) and living in Mutenderi Sector (AOR=3.15; CI: 1.2, 3.9; P=0.038).ConclusionMalaria prevalence was considerable and people living in Mutenderi Sector were more likely to suffer from it. Need of strengthening Malaria prevention in older people and in Muteneri Sector in particular.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):27-35","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125894021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emmanuel Nsengimana, Clarisse Niyonambaza, Jean Pierre Sindayigaya, Tusale Rutayisire, Jean de Dieu Rukundo, Jean Marie Vianney Semana, Jacques Nshimiyimana, Christian Chance Ndahiriwe, Assuman Nuhu, B. Seminega, Moussa Hakizimana, G. Urimubenshi
BackgroundAwareness of stroke is important for appropriate and timely stroke prevention and management.ObjectiveTo assess the level of awareness about the risk factors, signs, and appropriate responses for stroke among university employees in Rwanda.MethodsWe employed a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional approach. We involved 92 participants, and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data. We computed descriptive statistics and used the Chi-Square test to assess any differences in stroke awareness.ResultsWe found that 12% and 15.2% of the participants were not aware of any risk factor and warning sign of stroke respectively. Regarding the reaction in case a warning sign of stroke was noticed, 9.8% of the participants indicated that they would do nothing or advise the victim to take rest at home. The limited awareness was significantly higher in the administrative than academic employees for both risk factors (p=0.002) and warning signs (p=0.006), but not for the appropriate responses to stroke (p=0.426).ConclusionA significant proportion of the participants were not aware of any stroke risk factor, warning sign and appropriate responses. It is important to conduct further similar studies and implement stroke education interventions in university communities.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):9-16
{"title":"Awareness of Stroke among University Employees in Kigali, Rwanda: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Emmanuel Nsengimana, Clarisse Niyonambaza, Jean Pierre Sindayigaya, Tusale Rutayisire, Jean de Dieu Rukundo, Jean Marie Vianney Semana, Jacques Nshimiyimana, Christian Chance Ndahiriwe, Assuman Nuhu, B. Seminega, Moussa Hakizimana, G. Urimubenshi","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAwareness of stroke is important for appropriate and timely stroke prevention and management.ObjectiveTo assess the level of awareness about the risk factors, signs, and appropriate responses for stroke among university employees in Rwanda.MethodsWe employed a quantitative descriptive cross-sectional approach. We involved 92 participants, and a self-administered questionnaire to collect data. We computed descriptive statistics and used the Chi-Square test to assess any differences in stroke awareness.ResultsWe found that 12% and 15.2% of the participants were not aware of any risk factor and warning sign of stroke respectively. Regarding the reaction in case a warning sign of stroke was noticed, 9.8% of the participants indicated that they would do nothing or advise the victim to take rest at home. The limited awareness was significantly higher in the administrative than academic employees for both risk factors (p=0.002) and warning signs (p=0.006), but not for the appropriate responses to stroke (p=0.426).ConclusionA significant proportion of the participants were not aware of any stroke risk factor, warning sign and appropriate responses. It is important to conduct further similar studies and implement stroke education interventions in university communities.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):9-16","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121052699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yamuragiye, J. P. Ndayisenga, A. Nkurunziza, Olive Bazirete, M. Uwimana
BackgroundInterprofessional collaboration (IPC) contributes to optimum patient outcomes. The Training, Support, Access Model for Maternal, New Born, and Child Health (TSAM – MNCH), a project initiated as an innovative model for Rwanda, has provided a mentorship program to improve the quality of emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC )including IPC. However, no research has been conducted to understand the impact of that mentorship on IPC practice.Study objectiveTo identify the impact of the TSAM mentorship on IPC practice in Rwanda from the perspective of hospital managers where TSAM mentorship was implemented and healthcare professionals (HCPs) participated in the mentoring program.MethodsA qualitative descriptive case study was conducted in five district hospitals in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Interviews were conducted with hospital directors and twenty-five HCPs mentees. Data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed to identify emergent themesResults and discussionsFour themes emerged: a) experience with IPC and TSAM mentorship; b) benefits of TSAM mentorship on IPC, c) challenges with mentoring programs, and 4) suggestions to improve TSAM mentorshipConclusionThe findings indicated an increase in self-confidence and awareness of responsibilities, which contributed to the improved working relationship among the team involved in EmONC.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):71-83
{"title":"Benefits of a Mentorship Program on Interprofessional Collaboration in Obstetric and Neonatal Care in Rwanda: A Qualitative Descriptive Case Study","authors":"A. Yamuragiye, J. P. Ndayisenga, A. Nkurunziza, Olive Bazirete, M. Uwimana","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundInterprofessional collaboration (IPC) contributes to optimum patient outcomes. The Training, Support, Access Model for Maternal, New Born, and Child Health (TSAM – MNCH), a project initiated as an innovative model for Rwanda, has provided a mentorship program to improve the quality of emergency obstetric and neonatal care (EmONC )including IPC. However, no research has been conducted to understand the impact of that mentorship on IPC practice.Study objectiveTo identify the impact of the TSAM mentorship on IPC practice in Rwanda from the perspective of hospital managers where TSAM mentorship was implemented and healthcare professionals (HCPs) participated in the mentoring program.MethodsA qualitative descriptive case study was conducted in five district hospitals in the Northern Province of Rwanda. Interviews were conducted with hospital directors and twenty-five HCPs mentees. Data were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed to identify emergent themesResults and discussionsFour themes emerged: a) experience with IPC and TSAM mentorship; b) benefits of TSAM mentorship on IPC, c) challenges with mentoring programs, and 4) suggestions to improve TSAM mentorshipConclusionThe findings indicated an increase in self-confidence and awareness of responsibilities, which contributed to the improved working relationship among the team involved in EmONC.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):71-83","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125835774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Nkurunziza, Nadja Van Endert, O. Tengera, Jean Bosco Henri Hitayezu, Justine Bagirisano
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{"title":"Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancies in School Adolescents: A Collaborative Approach","authors":"A. Nkurunziza, Nadja Van Endert, O. Tengera, Jean Bosco Henri Hitayezu, Justine Bagirisano","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p>None</jats:p>","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123180264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bibiane Uwamahoro, C. Munyanshongore, A. Ndagijimana, Noella Benemariya, Michael Habtu, J. Ntaganira
BackgroundSevere malaria is a key global public health issue, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for over 80% of global malaria deaths. Rwanda has experienced about 11-fold annual increase in reported malaria cases since 2012 to 2016. Severe malaria accounted for 13,092 cases in 2015 to 17,248 cases in 2016.Objective To determine factors associated with severe malaria among patients under reference to Gihundwe and Mibilizi Hospitals.MethodsA cross-sectional study that included 228 febrile patients diagnosed with malaria at Gihundwe and Mibilizi Hospitals was conducted. Data were collected from patients’ files. Logistic regressions were computed to establish determinants of severe anemia. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence level (CI) and p-value were reported.ResultsThe proportion of severe malaria was 64.03%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients under five years (aOR = 8.169; 95%CI = 3.646-18.304); being males (aOR = 2.539; 95%CI = 1.299-4.965); farmers (aOR = 2.757; 95%CI = 1.339-5.678) and limited access to health facilities (aOR = 2.740: 95%CI = 1.038-7.232) were the main factors associated with severe malaria.ConclusionSevere malaria was high with various associated factors. There is a need to strengthen malaria control and prevention interventions for young children, men and farmers. Furthermore, beside public health interventions, health facilities should be accessible to people residing in malaria endemic areas.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):36-42
{"title":"Factors Associated with Severe Malaria among Patients under Reference to District Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Rusizi District, Rwanda","authors":"Bibiane Uwamahoro, C. Munyanshongore, A. Ndagijimana, Noella Benemariya, Michael Habtu, J. Ntaganira","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.5","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundSevere malaria is a key global public health issue, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for over 80% of global malaria deaths. Rwanda has experienced about 11-fold annual increase in reported malaria cases since 2012 to 2016. Severe malaria accounted for 13,092 cases in 2015 to 17,248 cases in 2016.Objective \u0000To determine factors associated with severe malaria among patients under reference to Gihundwe and Mibilizi Hospitals.MethodsA cross-sectional study that included 228 febrile patients diagnosed with malaria at Gihundwe and Mibilizi Hospitals was conducted. Data were collected from patients’ files. Logistic regressions were computed to establish determinants of severe anemia. Odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence level (CI) and p-value were reported.ResultsThe proportion of severe malaria was 64.03%. The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that patients under five years (aOR = 8.169; 95%CI = 3.646-18.304); being males (aOR = 2.539; 95%CI = 1.299-4.965); farmers (aOR = 2.757; 95%CI = 1.339-5.678) and limited access to health facilities (aOR = 2.740: 95%CI = 1.038-7.232) were the main factors associated with severe malaria.ConclusionSevere malaria was high with various associated factors. There is a need to strengthen malaria control and prevention interventions for young children, men and farmers. Furthermore, beside public health interventions, health facilities should be accessible to people residing in malaria endemic areas.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):36-42","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131693526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alice Neza, F. Birungi, E. Remera, François Hakizayezu, J. Ntaganira
BackgroundOptimal viral load suppression results from good adherence to treatment. The viral load suppression advantages include the reduction of virus transmission. In Rwanda, however, viral load suppression among adolescents and young adults has been proven relatively low than in other age groups.ObjectivesTo assess the factors associated with viral load suppression among adolescent and young adults in Ngororero district, Rwanda.MethodsA cross sectional study that included 151 adolescents and young adults aged from 15 to 24 years was conducted in Ngororero district. Data were entered in Epi-Info version 7 software and analyzed using STATA15.ResultsFemales and males were 68% and 32% respectively. Sixty percent of the participants were aged 20-24 years. Multivariable analysis revealed the factors associated with viral load suppression: Ubudehe category 2, P= 0.016, AOR = 6.6, CI [1.4, 31.1]; ubudehe category 3, P= 0.004, AOR = 8.9, CI [2.01,39.8]; spending between 5 to 9 years on ART, P= 0.022, AOR = 0.16 [CI0.03, 0.89;) and often forget to take medication, P= 0.011, AOR = 0.35, CI [0.13, 0.97.]ConclusionViral load suppression among adolescents and young adults was low. Improving socio-economic conditions of adolescents and young adults, as well as provision of continuous counselling to them during their whole treatment life can improve significantly their adherence.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):43-52
{"title":"Factors Associated with Viral Load Suppression among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Positive Adolescents and Young Adults in Ngororero District, Rwanda","authors":"Alice Neza, F. Birungi, E. Remera, François Hakizayezu, J. Ntaganira","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundOptimal viral load suppression results from good adherence to treatment. The viral load suppression advantages include the reduction of virus transmission. In Rwanda, however, viral load suppression among adolescents and young adults has been proven relatively low than in other age groups.ObjectivesTo assess the factors associated with viral load suppression among adolescent and young adults in Ngororero district, Rwanda.MethodsA cross sectional study that included 151 adolescents and young adults aged from 15 to 24 years was conducted in Ngororero district. Data were entered in Epi-Info version 7 software and analyzed using STATA15.ResultsFemales and males were 68% and 32% respectively. Sixty percent of the participants were aged 20-24 years. Multivariable analysis revealed the factors associated with viral load suppression: Ubudehe category 2, P= 0.016, AOR = 6.6, CI [1.4, 31.1]; ubudehe category 3, P= 0.004, AOR = 8.9, CI [2.01,39.8]; spending between 5 to 9 years on ART, P= 0.022, AOR = 0.16 [CI0.03, 0.89;) and often forget to take medication, P= 0.011, AOR = 0.35, CI [0.13, 0.97.]ConclusionViral load suppression among adolescents and young adults was low. Improving socio-economic conditions of adolescents and young adults, as well as provision of continuous counselling to them during their whole treatment life can improve significantly their adherence.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):43-52","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125985845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Ndateba, M. Mukeshimana, Jean Pierre Nsekambabaye, Edith Musabwa, A. Collins
BackgroundHypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and its prevalence is high in Rwanda. Rwanda has integrated the management of hypertension in health centres (HCs). However, little is known about the quality of hypertension care in HCs in Rwanda.Study objectiveTo examine the quality of care for patients with hypertension and associated outcome of hypertension control in Health Centres.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used, and data were collected from a convenience sample of 202 patients. A self-reported questionnaire and blood pressure measurement were taken. Data were analysed using descriptive, bivariate, and hierarchical logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 166 (82.2%) patients participated in the study. Of these, 130 (78.3%) were females. Mean age was 57.8 (SD =14.0). The quality of hypertension care process was high with mean score of 5.86 over 7 (SD = 1.4). However, only 30.1% (n = 50/166) had well-controlled hypertension. Comorbidity (OR = 2.3; 95% CI:1.0-5.1, p =.039) and the quality of care (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1- 2.4, p = .024) were associated with higher odds of having hypertension control.ConclusionTailored patient-centred primary care interventions that consider comorbidity could contribute to hypertension control in primary HCs in Rwanda.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):84-98
{"title":"Quality of Care for Patients with Hypertension in selected Health Centres in Rwamagana District, Rwanda","authors":"I. Ndateba, M. Mukeshimana, Jean Pierre Nsekambabaye, Edith Musabwa, A. Collins","doi":"10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/rjmhs.v6i1.10","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundHypertension is the main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and its prevalence is high in Rwanda. Rwanda has integrated the management of hypertension in health centres (HCs). However, little is known about the quality of hypertension care in HCs in Rwanda.Study objectiveTo examine the quality of care for patients with hypertension and associated outcome of hypertension control in Health Centres.MethodsA cross-sectional study design was used, and data were collected from a convenience sample of 202 patients. A self-reported questionnaire and blood pressure measurement were taken. Data were analysed using descriptive, bivariate, and hierarchical logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 166 (82.2%) patients participated in the study. Of these, 130 (78.3%) were females. Mean age was 57.8 (SD =14.0). The quality of hypertension care process was high with mean score of 5.86 over 7 (SD = 1.4). However, only 30.1% (n = 50/166) had well-controlled hypertension. Comorbidity (OR = 2.3; 95% CI:1.0-5.1, p =.039) and the quality of care (OR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1- 2.4, p = .024) were associated with higher odds of having hypertension control.ConclusionTailored patient-centred primary care interventions that consider comorbidity could contribute to hypertension control in primary HCs in Rwanda.Rwanda J Med Health Sci 2023;6(1):84-98","PeriodicalId":315881,"journal":{"name":"Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131363708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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