{"title":"Technique, Technics, Technik, substantifs : les mots à travers les dictionnaires du xixe siècle","authors":"Marcos Camolezi","doi":"10.4000/artefact.11313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.11313","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"377 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76615412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La technologie en France au xixe siècle : de la pratique au concept au travers du parcours d’un acteur","authors":"Géraldine Barron","doi":"10.4000/artefact.11478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.11478","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83192331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technique et économie chez Marcel Mauss","authors":"F. Vatin","doi":"10.4000/artefact.11646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.11646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74593201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ufundi and Tekinolojia in Independent Tanzania: Kiswahili Lexicons of Specialization in Adult Ed","authors":"Joshua Grace","doi":"10.4000/artefact.11188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.11188","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81707924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"La notion de technè en Grèce ancienne","authors":"Isabelle Warin","doi":"10.4000/artefact.11251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.11251","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75500210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Un établissement pilote de langue yidiche","authors":"Bernard Flam, Bernard Vaisbrot","doi":"10.4000/artefact.11808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.11808","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82517602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A comparative study of the history of two archaeological textile collections is presented here. The first comes from the antique cemetery of Les Martres-de-Veyre in France and is Roman. The second comes from the salt mines of Hallstatt in Austria and dates to the Bronze and Iron Ages. Both were discovered during the 19th century. Their respective history and study differ, depending on the museum where they are kept and on the scholarship traditions of the two countries. In France, the textile industry gave the first methodological frame for the study of archaeological textiles, while in Austria, laboratory’s investigations brought the first results. The paper brings also information on the restoration and the museography of the two collections.
{"title":"Numbered, weighed, cut!","authors":"Catherine Breniquet, Karina Grömer","doi":"10.4000/artefact.6973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.6973","url":null,"abstract":"A comparative study of the history of two archaeological textile collections is presented here. The first comes from the antique cemetery of Les Martres-de-Veyre in France and is Roman. The second comes from the salt mines of Hallstatt in Austria and dates to the Bronze and Iron Ages. Both were discovered during the 19th century. Their respective history and study differ, depending on the museum where they are kept and on the scholarship traditions of the two countries. In France, the textile industry gave the first methodological frame for the study of archaeological textiles, while in Austria, laboratory’s investigations brought the first results. The paper brings also information on the restoration and the museography of the two collections.","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73334591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ce livre, defini par son auteur comme une intervention, se termine par un manifeste en faveur d’une rehabilitation de la technologie (Rehabilitating Technology). Il ne s’agit donc en aucun cas d’« un travail d’erudition neutre », il faut plutot y voir « une intervention dans le present, une premiere etape dans la rehabilitation de la technologie en tant que concept pour l’histoire et la theorie sociale, dont l’objectif final est de faconner les technologies a des fins plus humaines » (p. 235)...
{"title":"Eric Schatzberg, Technology: Critical History of a Concept","authors":"M. Camolezi","doi":"10.4000/artefact.7142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.7142","url":null,"abstract":"Ce livre, defini par son auteur comme une intervention, se termine par un manifeste en faveur d’une rehabilitation de la technologie (Rehabilitating Technology). Il ne s’agit donc en aucun cas d’« un travail d’erudition neutre », il faut plutot y voir « une intervention dans le present, une premiere etape dans la rehabilitation de la technologie en tant que concept pour l’histoire et la theorie sociale, dont l’objectif final est de faconner les technologies a des fins plus humaines » (p. 235)...","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74602763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cet article presente le cas de Pierre Bezier (1910-1999), un ingenieur issu des Arts et Metiers puis de l’Ecole superieure d’electricite qui a fait toute sa carriere (1933-1975) dans l’entreprise automobile Renault. Bezier a ete tour a tour l’artisan d’une forme originale d’automatisation (1947), un pionnier en Europe de la commande numerique (1958), puis l’un des fondateurs, a l’echelle mondiale, de l’informatique industrielle (1966). Les « courbes et surfaces de Bezier » sont au fondement de la Conception et fabrication assistees par ordinateur (CFAO) qui ont reorganise le design, la production de serie et notre monde virtuel. Pourquoi cet innovateur important est-il reste un « inconnu celebre » ? En confrontant les archives de l’entreprise aux documents conserves par l’un de ses ingenieurs l’article mesure le destin d’un electromecanicien de genie a l’aune de l’evolution d’une usine. Il montre qu’un parcours individuel peut requestionner le passe d’une entreprise. Comment une biographie sert-elle l’histoire globale ?
本文以皮埃尔·贝齐尔(Pierre Bezier, 1910-1999)为例，他是一名工程师，毕业于Arts et Metiers，然后是ecole superieure d ' electricite，他的整个职业生涯(1933-1975)都在雷诺汽车公司工作。贝齐尔是一种原始自动化形式的工匠(1947年)，欧洲数字控制的先驱(1958年)，然后是世界范围内工业计算的创始人之一(1966年)。“贝西尔曲线和曲面”是计算机辅助设计和制造(cad / cam)的基础，它重新组织了设计、批量生产和我们的虚拟世界。为什么这位重要的创新者仍然是“名人”?通过将公司的档案与其中一名工程师保存的文件进行比较，这篇文章从工厂发展的角度来衡量一个电气工程师的命运。它表明，个人路径可以重新审视公司的过去。传记如何服务于整个历史?
{"title":"La carrière de Pierre Bézier chez Renault (1933-1975)","authors":"A. Michel","doi":"10.4000/artefact.6711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.6711","url":null,"abstract":"Cet article presente le cas de Pierre Bezier (1910-1999), un ingenieur issu des Arts et Metiers puis de l’Ecole superieure d’electricite qui a fait toute sa carriere (1933-1975) dans l’entreprise automobile Renault. Bezier a ete tour a tour l’artisan d’une forme originale d’automatisation (1947), un pionnier en Europe de la commande numerique (1958), puis l’un des fondateurs, a l’echelle mondiale, de l’informatique industrielle (1966). Les « courbes et surfaces de Bezier » sont au fondement de la Conception et fabrication assistees par ordinateur (CFAO) qui ont reorganise le design, la production de serie et notre monde virtuel. Pourquoi cet innovateur important est-il reste un « inconnu celebre » ? En confrontant les archives de l’entreprise aux documents conserves par l’un de ses ingenieurs l’article mesure le destin d’un electromecanicien de genie a l’aune de l’evolution d’une usine. Il montre qu’un parcours individuel peut requestionner le passe d’une entreprise. Comment une biographie sert-elle l’histoire globale ?","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81987292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quels ont ete les premiers polytechniciens industriels et comment peut-on les caracteriser ? Rappelant les grandes masses agregatives des carrieres polytechniciennes dans la premiere moitie du xixe siecle, l’article examine cinq carrieres de polytechniciens pendant cette periode, a dix promotions d’ecart : Dufaud, Vicat, Guimet, Lafarge, Gouin. Ces ingenieurs industriels apparaissent aussi comme ingenieurs-savants, ingenieurs-inventeurs, ingenieurs-entrepreneurs et meme ingenieurs-investisseurs dans des entreprises industrielles. Deux d’entre eux developpent leur « innovation » au sein meme des corps d’Etat auxquels ils appartiennent. Cet echantillon laisse entrevoir ce qu’une prosopographie des polytechniciens industriels de la periode 1800-1840 apporterait a l’histoire industrielle francaise et a l’etude des relations entre Etat et industrie privee.
{"title":"Les premiers ingénieurs industriels issus de l’École polytechnique","authors":"Alexandre Moatti","doi":"10.4000/artefact.6303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4000/artefact.6303","url":null,"abstract":"Quels ont ete les premiers polytechniciens industriels et comment peut-on les caracteriser ? Rappelant les grandes masses agregatives des carrieres polytechniciennes dans la premiere moitie du xixe siecle, l’article examine cinq carrieres de polytechniciens pendant cette periode, a dix promotions d’ecart : Dufaud, Vicat, Guimet, Lafarge, Gouin. Ces ingenieurs industriels apparaissent aussi comme ingenieurs-savants, ingenieurs-inventeurs, ingenieurs-entrepreneurs et meme ingenieurs-investisseurs dans des entreprises industrielles. Deux d’entre eux developpent leur « innovation » au sein meme des corps d’Etat auxquels ils appartiennent. Cet echantillon laisse entrevoir ce qu’une prosopographie des polytechniciens industriels de la periode 1800-1840 apporterait a l’histoire industrielle francaise et a l’etude des relations entre Etat et industrie privee.","PeriodicalId":31639,"journal":{"name":"Artefact","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88011751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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