Agar is a key structural polysaccharide of red macroalgae which provides a rich habitat for marine heterotrophic bacteria in marine ecosystems. Marine agarolytic bacteria, that can use agar as the sole carbon source, are distributed in diverse marine environments from open coastal waters to the gut of marine herbivores. Agarolytic bacteria employ a combination of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for the depolymerization of agar. Extensive studies on the genomic architecture of the agarolytic bacteria suggested that genes encoding these CAZymes are arranged in polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL). Agar hydrolyzing enzymes (agarases) are categorized into; β-agarase (GH16, GH50, GH86, and GH118), α-agarase (GH96), neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase (GH117), and agarolytic β-galactosidase (GH2). The molecular functionality, structural elements, and catalytic mechanisms of agarases belonging to different GH families show unique characteristics. L-AHG, one of the main constituents in agar, is a rare monosaccharide and its metabolic pathway is exclusively found in marine agarolytic bacteria. Recent trends in the agarolytic systems are mostly focused on the sequence data to visualize the universal agarolytic enzyme repertoire and the evolution of the agarolytic pathway in marine heterotrophic bacteria. In addition, increasing attention is paid to understanding the oligosaccharide transport mechanisms and transcriptional regulation of genes in PUL. In this review, we will cover a comprehensive overview of genomic architecture, structural and functional analysis of agar hydrolyzing enzymes, and agar metabolism in marine heterotrophic bacteria.
{"title":"해양 종속영양세균의 한천대사에 대한 새로운 통찰","authors":"Pathiraja Mudiyanselage Duleepa Pathiraja, In-Geol Choi","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.53","url":null,"abstract":"Agar is a key structural polysaccharide of red macroalgae which provides a rich habitat for marine heterotrophic bacteria in marine ecosystems. Marine agarolytic bacteria, that can use agar as the sole carbon source, are distributed in diverse marine environments from open coastal waters to the gut of marine herbivores. Agarolytic bacteria employ a combination of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) for the depolymerization of agar. Extensive studies on the genomic architecture of the agarolytic bacteria suggested that genes encoding these CAZymes are arranged in polysaccharide utilization loci (PUL). Agar hydrolyzing enzymes (agarases) are categorized into; β-agarase (GH16, GH50, GH86, and GH118), α-agarase (GH96), neoagarooligosaccharide hydrolase (GH117), and agarolytic β-galactosidase (GH2). The molecular functionality, structural elements, and catalytic mechanisms of agarases belonging to different GH families show unique characteristics. L-AHG, one of the main constituents in agar, is a rare monosaccharide and its metabolic pathway is exclusively found in marine agarolytic bacteria. Recent trends in the agarolytic systems are mostly focused on the sequence data to visualize the universal agarolytic enzyme repertoire and the evolution of the agarolytic pathway in marine heterotrophic bacteria. In addition, increasing attention is paid to understanding the oligosaccharide transport mechanisms and transcriptional regulation of genes in PUL. In this review, we will cover a comprehensive overview of genomic architecture, structural and functional analysis of agar hydrolyzing enzymes, and agar metabolism in marine heterotrophic bacteria.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128965644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.33
Se-Hoon Shim, Yongseok Choi
NADPH Oxidase(NOX) induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation found on several types of cells including in leukocytes, artery wall, and brain. The human isoform complex comprises NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1 and DUOX2. Each NOX isoforms consists of multi-subunit complex including membrane-associated enzymes and cytosolic subunits. NOX activation is step-by-step process where cytosolic subunits are assembled and translocated to the membrane, leading to transport electrons to oxygen, and finally to produce superoxide. Abnormal production of superoxide via NOX has been shown to play an important role in various diseases related to inflammation, cell growth, and progressive degenerative in cells. So, developing NOX inhibitors has been thought to be promising treatment and published many small molecules. This review will focus on representative NOX inhibitors with their chemical properties, potency on NOX, mechanisms, and limitation of use as a drug.
{"title":"대표적인 NADPH oxidase 저해제: 저해 방법, 효능, 그리고 다양한 질병에 대한 쓰임새","authors":"Se-Hoon Shim, Yongseok Choi","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"NADPH Oxidase(NOX) induced reactive oxygen species(ROS) generation found on several types of cells including in leukocytes, artery wall, and brain. The human isoform complex comprises NOX1, NOX2, NOX3, NOX4, NOX5, DUOX1 and DUOX2. Each NOX isoforms consists of multi-subunit complex including membrane-associated enzymes and cytosolic subunits. NOX activation is step-by-step process where cytosolic subunits are assembled and translocated to the membrane, leading to transport electrons to oxygen, and finally to produce superoxide. Abnormal production of superoxide via NOX has been shown to play an important role in various diseases related to inflammation, cell growth, and progressive degenerative in cells. So, developing NOX inhibitors has been thought to be promising treatment and published many small molecules. This review will focus on representative NOX inhibitors with their chemical properties, potency on NOX, mechanisms, and limitation of use as a drug.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114526951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.87
Younji Lee, Minseok Park, Seunghun Hyun
Improper management of abandoned mine sites can cause heavy metal contamination of down-gradient agricultural soil, groundwater, and surface water. In this study, we investigated the effects of changes in environmental factors on the leaching behavior of the heavy metals and suggested future research direction for better risk management of the abandoned mine sites under climate change. Numerous studies showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate frequently exceed the environmental criteria even though the leachable heavy metal was negligible (< 1 % of the total concentration), which indicates that mine soils can be long-term resources of contamination. From the result of batch and column experiments, it has been found that soil properties (e.g., soil pH, redox potential, etc.) affect the leaching behavior by solubility change, complex formation, precipitation, etc. Two-site kinetic leaching models were mainly applied for understanding nonequilibrium leaching behavior of the metals due to heterogeneous physical structure and various binding sites of the soil. Meanwhile, it was also reported that the change in hydrodynamic properties due to rainfall pattern can influence leaching behavior by changing the interfacial interaction between soil and water. Several researchers recognized that extreme weather condition (high temperature and increased drought period) due to climate change can elevate initial leaching concentration of the heavy metal. In reality, climate change can cause the nonequilibrium leaching of the metals by influencing hydrodynamic condition and chemical stability of the soil system. Therefore, future works to precisely predict the heavy metal leaching behavior across abandoned mine sites are necessary and risk management of these sites in response to climate change should be designed.
{"title":"Leaching Behavior of Metallic Elements from Abandoned Mine Sites in Varying Environmental Factors","authors":"Younji Lee, Minseok Park, Seunghun Hyun","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.87","url":null,"abstract":"Improper management of abandoned mine sites can cause heavy metal contamination of down-gradient agricultural soil, groundwater, and surface water. In this study, we investigated the effects of changes in environmental factors on the leaching behavior of the heavy metals and suggested future research direction for better risk management of the abandoned mine sites under climate change. Numerous studies showed that the concentration of heavy metals in the leachate frequently exceed the environmental criteria even though the leachable heavy metal was negligible (< 1 % of the total concentration), which indicates that mine soils can be long-term resources of contamination. From the result of batch and column experiments, it has been found that soil properties (e.g., soil pH, redox potential, etc.) affect the leaching behavior by solubility change, complex formation, precipitation, etc. Two-site kinetic leaching models were mainly applied for understanding nonequilibrium leaching behavior of the metals due to heterogeneous physical structure and various binding sites of the soil. Meanwhile, it was also reported that the change in hydrodynamic properties due to rainfall pattern can influence leaching behavior by changing the interfacial interaction between soil and water. Several researchers recognized that extreme weather condition (high temperature and increased drought period) due to climate change can elevate initial leaching concentration of the heavy metal. In reality, climate change can cause the nonequilibrium leaching of the metals by influencing hydrodynamic condition and chemical stability of the soil system. Therefore, future works to precisely predict the heavy metal leaching behavior across abandoned mine sites are necessary and risk management of these sites in response to climate change should be designed.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121899413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.1
Sun-Hee Kim, Jong-Hyun Yoo, Jae-Soon Oh, Hataek Kwon, Young-Min Chi, Min-Hyeok Cha
Superbacteria are antimicrobial resistant bacteria, and their emergence and widespread became great threats to humanity. Next-generation antimicrobials were developed to deal with existing antimicrobial resistance, but resistant bacteria emerged and spread immediately due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. In particular, the foodborne superbacteria are highly serious problem because they are closely related to the overall human life. In this article, we explored the distribution and resistance level of foodborne colistin-resistant Salmonella and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus among through the latest research papers about their resistance and molecular epidemiological transmission route. The transmission of resistance factors between food-derived superbacteria and other environment was also confirmed for the case of next-generation antimicrobials. Therefore, it is increasingly important to develop national and global resistance monitoring projects with One-health scheme.
{"title":"차세대 항생제에 내성을 나타내는 식품 유래 슈퍼박테리아의 출현과 분자역학적 특성","authors":"Sun-Hee Kim, Jong-Hyun Yoo, Jae-Soon Oh, Hataek Kwon, Young-Min Chi, Min-Hyeok Cha","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.1","url":null,"abstract":"Superbacteria are antimicrobial resistant bacteria, and their emergence and widespread became great threats to humanity. Next-generation antimicrobials were developed to deal with existing antimicrobial resistance, but resistant bacteria emerged and spread immediately due to indiscriminate use of antimicrobials. In particular, the foodborne superbacteria are highly serious problem because they are closely related to the overall human life. In this article, we explored the distribution and resistance level of foodborne colistin-resistant Salmonella and linezolid-resistant Enterococcus among through the latest research papers about their resistance and molecular epidemiological transmission route. The transmission of resistance factors between food-derived superbacteria and other environment was also confirmed for the case of next-generation antimicrobials. Therefore, it is increasingly important to develop national and global resistance monitoring projects with One-health scheme.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"260 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131459846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.23
Ji Ho Han, Moon Jung Song
G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical secondary nucleic acid structures constituted by stacking of guanine rich planar shaped tetrad formations that form a complex. G4s are implicated for various important roles in key cellular processes transcription, translation, telomere maintenance, epigenetic regulation, replication, and recombination. G-quadruplexes were first discovered as important structures in oncology, but for the past decade its relevance in viruses is becoming more evident. Human herpesviruses are DNA viruses of the Herpesviridae family and are unique in characteristic with two types of infection which can be distinguished by lytic and latency establishment in the host. During latency the virus maintains lifelong dormancy and intermittently undergoes reactivation, causing the host medical problems. Recently there are increasing number of reports regarding role of G4s in viral genomes and the potential antiviral efficacy of G4 ligands, including G4s in latency. Many results suggest viral G4s play significant roles in the virus life cycle and treatment of G4 ligands exhibit antiviral activities in both lytic and latent infections. In this review, the importance of G4s in herpesvirus genomes will be introduced with the potent G4 ligands used to study these mechanisms and finally explain the distinct functional properties of each G4 ligands.
g -四聚体(G4s)是由富含鸟嘌呤的平面四聚体叠合而成的非典型二级核酸结构。G4s在转录、翻译、端粒维持、表观遗传调控、复制和重组等关键细胞过程中发挥着重要作用。g -四联体最初是作为肿瘤中的重要结构被发现的，但在过去的十年中，它在病毒中的相关性变得越来越明显。人类疱疹病毒是疱疹病毒科的DNA病毒，具有独特的特征，有两种感染类型，可以通过在宿主体内的溶解性和潜伏期建立来区分。在潜伏期，病毒保持终身休眠，并间歇性地经历重新激活，导致宿主出现医疗问题。近年来，关于G4s在病毒基因组中的作用以及G4配体(包括潜伏期中的G4s)的潜在抗病毒功效的报道越来越多。许多研究结果表明，病毒G4s在病毒生命周期中发挥着重要作用，G4配体的治疗在裂解性和潜伏性感染中都表现出抗病毒活性。本文将介绍G4s在疱疹病毒基因组中的重要性，以及用于研究这些机制的有效G4配体，并最终解释每种G4配体的不同功能特性。
{"title":"인간 허피스바이러스에 대한 G-quadruplex 결합 리간드의 항바이러스 효과","authors":"Ji Ho Han, Moon Jung Song","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"G-quadruplexes (G4s) are noncanonical secondary nucleic acid structures constituted by stacking of guanine rich planar shaped tetrad formations that form a complex. G4s are implicated for various important roles in key cellular processes transcription, translation, telomere maintenance, epigenetic regulation, replication, and recombination. G-quadruplexes were first discovered as important structures in oncology, but for the past decade its relevance in viruses is becoming more evident. Human herpesviruses are DNA viruses of the Herpesviridae family and are unique in characteristic with two types of infection which can be distinguished by lytic and latency establishment in the host. During latency the virus maintains lifelong dormancy and intermittently undergoes reactivation, causing the host medical problems. Recently there are increasing number of reports regarding role of G4s in viral genomes and the potential antiviral efficacy of G4 ligands, including G4s in latency. Many results suggest viral G4s play significant roles in the virus life cycle and treatment of G4 ligands exhibit antiviral activities in both lytic and latent infections. In this review, the importance of G4s in herpesvirus genomes will be introduced with the potent G4 ligands used to study these mechanisms and finally explain the distinct functional properties of each G4 ligands.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128077453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.41
Gregory E. Sims, In-Geol Choi
The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is ubiquitous in all three domains of life. The cellular and molecular functions of ABC transporters are diverse and essential to all living organisms. In human, mutations associated with ABC transporters are known to cause many genetic diseases. Although the members of ABC transporter superfamily share common sequential feature, the subfamily recognition is not a trivial task because of its domain complexity. The functional annotation begins with subfamily recognition. Here, we showed that a motif profiling provides simple and intuitive approach to recognize the subfamily level. Along with relation to the structural feature, the motif profiling approach will be a guide to annotate and understand molecular functions of subfamilies with a big superfamily
{"title":"인간 ATP 결합카세트 수퍼페미리 단백질 분류를 위한 서브페미리 특이적인 모티프 프로화일링","authors":"Gregory E. Sims, In-Geol Choi","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.41","url":null,"abstract":"The ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily is ubiquitous in all three domains of life. The cellular and molecular functions of ABC transporters are diverse and essential to all living organisms. In human, mutations associated with ABC transporters are known to cause many genetic diseases. Although the members of ABC transporter superfamily share common sequential feature, the subfamily recognition is not a trivial task because of its domain complexity. The functional annotation begins with subfamily recognition. Here, we showed that a motif profiling provides simple and intuitive approach to recognize the subfamily level. Along with relation to the structural feature, the motif profiling approach will be a guide to annotate and understand molecular functions of subfamilies with a big superfamily","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134454230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.101
Kun A Kim, S. Yang
The world has put various efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to respond to the threat of climate change. Recently, the EU announced to introduce the 'Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)' which imposes a sort of tariff to the import products from the countries which do not impose the proper level of carbon reduction cost. Korea, as a major exporter to the EC, should respond to the CBAM to reduce the damage. Linking the Korean Emission Trading Scheme with the EU counterpart would be one way. For such a linkage, it is necessary to consider not only technical, administrative, and economic conditions, but also political and popular factors. This study seek several considerations and a proper method for the linkage.
{"title":"Linking the Korean Emission Trading Scheme with the EU Emission Trading Scheme: What to Consider and How","authors":"Kun A Kim, S. Yang","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.101","url":null,"abstract":"The world has put various efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to respond to the threat of climate change. Recently, the EU announced to introduce the 'Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM)' which imposes a sort of tariff to the import products from the countries which do not impose the proper level of carbon reduction cost. Korea, as a major exporter to the EC, should respond to the CBAM to reduce the damage. Linking the Korean Emission Trading Scheme with the EU counterpart would be one way. For such a linkage, it is necessary to consider not only technical, administrative, and economic conditions, but also political and popular factors. This study seek several considerations and a proper method for the linkage.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123730072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.67
Jongyei Kim, J. Baek, Jongyun Kim
This study was conducted to investigate potential variables that can be used in slab weight-based automated nutrient solution feeding algorithms for efficient water and nutrient management for paprika production in Korea. A slab weight measurement system was installed at paprika production farms in two provinces (Gangwon and Gyeongsangnam-do) in Korea, and we analyzed the fertigation data at production farms, and to investigate the variables applicable to the weight control-based automated nutrient feeding system. As the result, the difference in the amount of fertigation was mostly dependent on the growing season rather than the region, and the daily fertigation amount was determined by the number of fertigation applications per day, suggesting environmental data such as temperature and relative humidity would be the required variable for season estimation, and the number of fertigation applications would be the control variable for automated fertigation system. The sunrise and sunset times were the most critical variables for fertigation timing, suggesting the weather information will need to be integrated into the system. The demand for fertigation was different depending on the crop growth stages, thus numerical variables that can quantify the crop growth stages should be developed further. Further study for the leaching fraction would be required to use it for the potential control variable, since complex considerations for the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution supplied and drained and the fertigation amount per application would affect the leaching fraction value. Consequently, the crop weight change data could provide the information for analysis of nutrient feeding in the production farms, and we could consider the various measurement and control variables that can be used in the weight-based automated nutrient feeding system.
{"title":"Investigation of automated nutrient solution feeding variables based on the slab weight for efficient water and nutrient management of paprika production","authors":"Jongyei Kim, J. Baek, Jongyun Kim","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.67","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.67","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to investigate potential variables that can be used in slab weight-based automated nutrient solution feeding algorithms for efficient water and nutrient management for paprika production in Korea. A slab weight measurement system was installed at paprika production farms in two provinces (Gangwon and Gyeongsangnam-do) in Korea, and we analyzed the fertigation data at production farms, and to investigate the variables applicable to the weight control-based automated nutrient feeding system. As the result, the difference in the amount of fertigation was mostly dependent on the growing season rather than the region, and the daily fertigation amount was determined by the number of fertigation applications per day, suggesting environmental data such as temperature and relative humidity would be the required variable for season estimation, and the number of fertigation applications would be the control variable for automated fertigation system. The sunrise and sunset times were the most critical variables for fertigation timing, suggesting the weather information will need to be integrated into the system. The demand for fertigation was different depending on the crop growth stages, thus numerical variables that can quantify the crop growth stages should be developed further. Further study for the leaching fraction would be required to use it for the potential control variable, since complex considerations for the electrical conductivity of the nutrient solution supplied and drained and the fertigation amount per application would affect the leaching fraction value. Consequently, the crop weight change data could provide the information for analysis of nutrient feeding in the production farms, and we could consider the various measurement and control variables that can be used in the weight-based automated nutrient feeding system.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123683743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.15
Won Je Le, Hojoung Lee
Around the world, 110 billion hectares of cultivated land in more than 100 countries are affected by soil salinity due to rapid climate change. Salinity and drought stress among various abiotic stresses are the main causes of significant decrease in crop production worldwide. In the 21st century, there are also predictions that 50% of the arable land will be affected by soil salinity. To alleviate the salt stress of crops and further increase production, mechanisms related to various physiological phenomena related to plant salt stress should be identified at the molecular level. In addition, plants can not move, so in order to successfully grow and develop in a given environment, various nutrients including micronutrients such as iron, manganese, and zinc are needed as well as large nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Most of these soil nutrients are absorbed into the plant body through the underground root system of a wide range of plants. In particular, nitrogen is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and crop productivity. Plants evolved various mechanisms to adapt to unbalanced nitrogen conditions. However, plants absorb nitrates with the help of nitrogen-fixing-related bacteria around their roots, as they cannot absorb nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. To meet the growing demand for food resources, the large amount of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer supplied to crops increased dramatically as synthetic nitrogen fertilizers began to be developed, resulting in a significant increase in crop yields. However, most of the nitrates deposited in the soil are not absorbed by plants but spread to the surrounding environment, leading to serious environmental and ecological pollution. Thus, identification of regulatory genes associated with in-depth understanding of nitrate absorption, assimilation and their use mechanisms is a key prerequisite for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops, and consequently is critical for maintaining agricultural stability.
{"title":"Response to Salinity Stress in Plants and nitrogen effect: About hormone signaling pathway and root development","authors":"Won Je Le, Hojoung Lee","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Around the world, 110 billion hectares of cultivated land in more than 100 countries are affected by soil salinity due to rapid climate change. Salinity and drought stress among various abiotic stresses are the main causes of significant decrease in crop production worldwide. In the 21st century, there are also predictions that 50% of the arable land will be affected by soil salinity. To alleviate the salt stress of crops and further increase production, mechanisms related to various physiological phenomena related to plant salt stress should be identified at the molecular level. In addition, plants can not move, so in order to successfully grow and develop in a given environment, various nutrients including micronutrients such as iron, manganese, and zinc are needed as well as large nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Most of these soil nutrients are absorbed into the plant body through the underground root system of a wide range of plants. In particular, nitrogen is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and crop productivity. Plants evolved various mechanisms to adapt to unbalanced nitrogen conditions. However, plants absorb nitrates with the help of nitrogen-fixing-related bacteria around their roots, as they cannot absorb nitrogen directly from the atmosphere. To meet the growing demand for food resources, the large amount of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer supplied to crops increased dramatically as synthetic nitrogen fertilizers began to be developed, resulting in a significant increase in crop yields. However, most of the nitrates deposited in the soil are not absorbed by plants but spread to the surrounding environment, leading to serious environmental and ecological pollution. Thus, identification of regulatory genes associated with in-depth understanding of nitrate absorption, assimilation and their use mechanisms is a key prerequisite for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in crops, and consequently is critical for maintaining agricultural stability.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124844522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.115
Hongkwon Yoo, Won-jun Chung, Hanyong Shim, Byeongseon Seo
The principal objective of this study is to provide an assessment on the effect of the contaminated water leakage at the Fukushima nuclear power plant on the price of domestic seafood such as pollock and mackerel using the event study. For the analysis, we design an event study by constructing the period before the leakage of contaminated water as the estimation window, and the period from the time of the occurrence of contaminated water leakage as the evaluation window. Based on the long-run equilibrium relationship between domestic seafood price and import price, our study investigates that the price of domestic seafood deviates from the equilibrium relationship with the import price after the leak of contaminated water. The empirical results demonstrate evidence that domestic seafood prices deviates from the equilibrium relationship in the evaluation window after the leakage of contaminated water. Consequently the price deviation indicates abnormal movement, which was found persistent and significant.
{"title":"Impacts of the Fukushima Nuclear Disaster on the Domestic Seafood Price: An Event Study on Food Safety","authors":"Hongkwon Yoo, Won-jun Chung, Hanyong Shim, Byeongseon Seo","doi":"10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33147/lsnrr.2022.30.1.115","url":null,"abstract":"The principal objective of this study is to provide an assessment on the effect of the contaminated water leakage at the Fukushima nuclear power plant on the price of domestic seafood such as pollock and mackerel using the event study. For the analysis, we design an event study by constructing the period before the leakage of contaminated water as the estimation window, and the period from the time of the occurrence of contaminated water leakage as the evaluation window. Based on the long-run equilibrium relationship between domestic seafood price and import price, our study investigates that the price of domestic seafood deviates from the equilibrium relationship with the import price after the leak of contaminated water. The empirical results demonstrate evidence that domestic seafood prices deviates from the equilibrium relationship in the evaluation window after the leakage of contaminated water. Consequently the price deviation indicates abnormal movement, which was found persistent and significant.","PeriodicalId":316688,"journal":{"name":"Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124886821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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