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Current trends in multimedia communications and computing 多媒体通信和计算的当前趋势
K.P. Subbalakshmi
Multimedia, as the name implies, is a combination of different and diverse media types, for example: image, video, graphics, speech, text and so on. As the information age grows, multimedia systems have also grown in popularity, especially in the arenas of education and entertainment. Examples of such applications are telelearning, home shopping, banking, tele-medicine, pay TV, video-on-demand, immersi-presence, virtual reality and so on. Along with this growth, the burden on the physical media that support multimedia applications has also increased. This implies that the technologies pertaining to communication and coding of multimedia applications also needs to grow in order to keep up with this demand. This special session is devoted to addressing some issues and solutions to the problems in handling multimedia services.
多媒体,顾名思义,是不同的、多样的媒体类型的组合,例如:图像、视频、图形、语音、文本等。随着信息时代的发展,多媒体系统也越来越受欢迎,特别是在教育和娱乐领域。这类应用的例子有远程学习、家庭购物、银行、远程医疗、付费电视、视频点播、沉浸式呈现、虚拟现实等等。随着这种增长,支持多媒体应用程序的物理介质的负担也增加了。这意味着与多媒体应用程序的通信和编码有关的技术也需要发展,以跟上这种需求。本专题讨论了处理多媒体服务的一些问题和解决方法。
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引用次数: 0
FlexXML: engineering a more flexible and adaptable web FlexXML:设计一个更灵活、适应性更强的web
A. Kaplan, J. Lunn
Engineering applications for the World Wide Web is becoming increasingly difficult. Web engineers are forced to contend with a heterogeneous collection of Web services, which differ in terms of available bandwidth, display quality and connection type. Faced with these sources of heterogeneity, Web engineers often publish separate, typically redundant Web sites, each of which is tailored into a specific Web device. This paper describes an XML-based approach, called FlexXML, thant enables a more flexible and adaptable Web. Using FlexXML, a Web engineer publishes a single Web site, using XML to describe the site's content and XSL to specify a collection of style sheets. FlexXML allows a Web user to specify a document quality (e.g., text- or graphics-based) that they desire from a Web site. Based upon the Web user's preferences and browser environment, the FlexXML framework automatically selects a suitable XSL style sheet, creates the document and delivers the appropriate content.
万维网的工程应用正变得越来越困难。Web工程师被迫面对异构的Web服务集合,这些服务在可用带宽、显示质量和连接类型方面各不相同。面对这些异构来源,Web工程师经常发布独立的、通常是冗余的Web站点,每个站点都针对特定的Web设备进行定制。本文描述了一种基于xml的方法,称为FlexXML,它使Web更加灵活和适应性强。使用FlexXML, Web工程师发布单个Web站点,使用XML描述站点的内容,并使用XSL指定样式表集合。FlexXML允许Web用户指定他们希望从Web站点获得的文档质量(例如,基于文本或基于图形)。根据Web用户的首选项和浏览器环境,FlexXML框架自动选择合适的XSL样式表,创建文档并交付适当的内容。
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引用次数: 6
Watermarking capacity of digital images based on domain-specific masking effects 基于特定域掩蔽效果的数字图像水印能力
Ching-Yung Lin, Shih-Fu Chang
Our objective is to find a theoretical watermarking capacity bound of digital images based on domain-specific masking effects. We first show the capacity of private watermarking in which the power constraints are not uniform. Then, we apply several domain-specific Human Vision System approximation models to estimate the power constraints and then show the theoretical watermarking capacity of an image in a general noisy environment. Note that we consider all pixels, watermarks and noises to be discrete values, which occur in realistic cases.
我们的目标是找到一个基于特定域掩蔽效应的数字图像的理论水印容量界限。我们首先展示了在功率约束不统一的情况下私有水印的能力。然后,我们应用了几个特定领域的人类视觉系统近似模型来估计功率约束,然后展示了在一般噪声环境下图像的理论水印能力。请注意,我们认为所有像素、水印和噪声都是离散值,这在现实情况下会发生。
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引用次数: 35
Working documents automatic generation using an adaptive editor 使用自适应编辑器自动生成工作文档
F. Ferri, P. Grifoni, M. Padula, Amanda Reggiori
The production process of documents was deeply transformed by the information technology influence on document writing activities. The wide use of personal computers produced a transformation of the document creation process. It is becoming a process of transformation and aggregation of documents. The different phases of this process are becoming more rapid due to the reusability of available documents by means of the cut and paste functionality. Internet diffusion is improving transformation of the document production process according to a co-operative approach. Indeed, the Internet is making available a large and growing amount of information, and focuses its attention on global information starting from local information. Locally and globally available information may be used to form a new document according to copyright problems. It is not, however, easy to retrieve and organise the large amount of information potentially available on the Internet according to the author's information goals. In this context there is a need for tools for editing and searching documents, that enable the automatic creation of personalised working documents. The aim of the paper is to define an approach for the on-line driven creation of documents, starting from the definition of their structures using shapes and semantics of their information.
信息技术对文献写作活动的影响,深刻地改变了文献的生产过程。个人电脑的广泛使用使文档创建过程发生了转变。它正在成为一个文档转换和聚合的过程。由于可用文档的可重用性(通过剪切和粘贴功能),此过程的不同阶段变得更加快速。互联网的传播正在以一种合作的方式促进文献生产过程的转变。的确,互联网正在提供大量和不断增长的信息,并从地方信息开始,把注意力集中在全球信息上。根据版权问题,可以使用本地和全球可用的信息来形成新的文件。然而,根据作者的信息目标,检索和组织互联网上可能可用的大量信息并不容易。在这种情况下,需要编辑和搜索文档的工具,以便自动创建个性化的工作文档。本文的目的是定义一种在线驱动文档创建的方法,从使用其信息的形状和语义定义其结构开始。
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引用次数: 2
Advanced 3b4b channel coding for low error-rate optical links at 2.488 Gbit/s 先进的3b4b信道编码,用于2.488 Gbit/s的低误码率光链路
M. Reinecke, K. Hansen
We report on the performance of an optimized parallel channel coder for high-speed optical transmission systems. The coding properties are discussed by an evaluation of the signal statistics of the coded pulse train in the time and frequency domain. The discussion is mainly based on the results for the power spectral density (PSD) and the autocorrelation function (AKF). The theoretical investigations have been verified measurements with a developed 2.488 Gbit/s optical transmission system. Reliability studies have shown a system's bit error rate below 10/sup -13/.
本文报道了一种用于高速光传输系统的优化并行信道编码器的性能。通过对编码脉冲序列的时域和频域信号统计量的评估,讨论了编码特性。讨论主要基于功率谱密度(PSD)和自相关函数(AKF)的结果。理论研究已在研制的2.488 Gbit/s光传输系统上得到验证。可靠性研究表明,该系统的误码率低于10/sup -13/。
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引用次数: 6
On multiple access and capacity in frequency-selective channels 频率选择信道的多址和容量
P. Flikkema
Investigates the problem of improving communication rates for frequency-selective multi-access channels (MACs). In this context, multi-pulse methods offer a new opportunity to revisit MAC approaches that are aware of and exploit channel characteristics. For the single-link case, multi-pulse methods such as OFDM split the channel into a set of orthogonal subchannels, or dimensions, and enable the use of Shannon's water-filling technique to achieve capacity. This paper proposes MAC approaches based on water-filling for high-speed ad-hoc wireless networks. The basic framework divides time into uniform slots; during each interval, the active links must share the subchannels, with each link defined by its set of per-subchannel SNRs. Using this framework, pragmatic protocols are proposed that balance overall capacity and per-link quality of service. They are based on adaptively allocating slots and subchannels using knowledge of the links.
研究了提高频率选择多址信道(mac)通信速率的问题。在这种情况下,多脉冲方法提供了一个新的机会,重新审视MAC方法是意识到并利用信道特性。对于单链路情况,多脉冲方法,如OFDM,将信道分成一组正交子信道或维度,并使用香农的充水技术来实现容量。针对高速自组织无线网络,提出了一种基于充水的MAC方法。基本框架将时间划分为统一的时隙;在每个间隔期间,活动链路必须共享子通道,每个链路由其每子通道信噪比集定义。利用这个框架,提出了实用的协议来平衡总容量和每链路服务质量。它们基于使用链路知识自适应地分配槽和子通道。
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引用次数: 5
Models and algorithms for bandwidth allocation of CBR video streams in a VoD system 视频点播系统中CBR视频流的带宽分配模型与算法
O. Hadar, M. Segal
Discusses the problem of bandwidth allocation of constant bit rate (CBR) video streams to compressed video streams in a video-on-demand (VoD) system. We consider the instance of a VoD system where compressed digital video is transmitted with a CBR over a network with limited capacity. This paper has two main purposes: the first is to develop an efficient algorithm for determining the optimal bandwidth under the constraint of minimal buffer size, and the second is to make a comparison between different approaches for bandwidth allocation under the constraint of maximum bandwidth utilization. Together with his request for a specific video stream, each client in the system sends his buffer size and the maximum waiting time for his allowable delay. According to this information, the video server determines a range of transmission rates that can be used by the client without violating the client-buffer constraints (i.e. overflow or underflow). The main contribution of this paper is to suggest a method for allocating a variable network bandwidth on stream initiation in order to service as many users as possible while providing each user with the highest quality service.
讨论了视频点播(VoD)系统中恒比特率(CBR)视频流到压缩视频流的带宽分配问题。我们考虑一个VoD系统的实例,其中压缩的数字视频通过有限容量的网络通过CBR传输。本文主要有两个目的:一是研究在最小缓冲区大小约束下确定最优带宽的有效算法;二是比较在最大带宽利用率约束下不同的带宽分配方法。连同他对特定视频流的请求,系统中的每个客户端发送他的缓冲区大小和他允许的延迟的最大等待时间。根据这些信息,视频服务器确定客户端可以使用的传输速率范围,而不会违反客户端缓冲区约束(即溢出或下溢)。本文的主要贡献是提出了一种在流启动时分配可变网络带宽的方法,以便在为每个用户提供最高质量服务的同时为尽可能多的用户提供服务。
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引用次数: 2
Special sessions on multimedia security and watermarking applications 多媒体安全和水印应用专题会议
D. Kundur, Ching-Yung Lin
Summary form only given. This series of special sessions examine multimedia security from both theoretical and applications-oriented perspectives. Our aim is to help advance security technology, assess its appropriateness for certain problems, and broaden its usefulness to intellectual property management. Based on the success of last year?s sessions, we hope to continue the tradition of providing an open and objective forum for multimedia security issues. This year, we will have 17 papers in these special sessions. Three of them are watermarking techniques in the printed format. Five papers cover novel imagehide0 watermarking techniques. Three theoretical analysis papers will be shown in these sessions. There will be two papers covering the attacks and benchmarking of watermarking methods. In addition to the image videos watermarking methods, there will be two novel audio watermarking, techniques and one graphic watermarking technique in these special sessions. We will also have one paper in the database system. The papers are briefly summarized.
只提供摘要形式。本系列专题讲座将从理论和应用两方面探讨多媒体安全。我们的目标是帮助推进安全技术,评估其对某些问题的适当性,并扩大其对知识产权管理的有用性。基于去年的成功?我们希望继续为多媒体安全问题提供一个开放和客观的论坛的传统。今年,我们将在这些特别会议上发表17篇论文。其中三个是印刷格式的水印技术。五篇论文介绍了新的图像水印技术。三篇理论分析论文将在这些课程中展示。将有两篇论文涉及水印方法的攻击和基准测试。除了图像视频水印方法外,还将介绍两种新的音频水印技术和一种图形水印技术。我们也会在数据库系统中有一篇论文。本文对论文进行了简要总结。
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引用次数: 0
Network conscious text compression system (NCTCSys) 网络自觉文本压缩系统(NCTCSys)
Nitin Motgi, A. Mukherjee
This paper proposes a "network conscious text compression system" (NCTCSys) to tackle the problem of transmitting explosively increasing data on the Internet. It can be integrated into different text based transfer protocols like FTP, HTTP and SMTP at the application level to handle text data transmission. We apply the newly developed LIPT encoding method along with BZIP2 and GZIP to compress text. The NCTCSys selection algorithm decides on the best compression method. To share a common encoding/decoding dictionary between the client and the server we use the dictionary management protocol. In a typical congestion and fluctuating scenario of bandwidth we have reduced transmission times by 60.24% using LIPT+GZIP, and by 85.20% using LIPT+BZIP2.
本文提出了一种“网络自觉文本压缩系统”(NCTCSys),以解决互联网上数据传输爆炸式增长的问题。它可以在应用程序级别集成到不同的基于文本的传输协议中,如FTP、HTTP和SMTP,以处理文本数据传输。我们将新开发的LIPT编码方法与BZIP2和GZIP一起应用于文本压缩。NCTCSys选择算法决定最佳压缩方法。为了在客户端和服务器之间共享一个通用的编码/解码字典,我们使用字典管理协议。在典型的拥塞和带宽波动场景中,我们使用LIPT+GZIP将传输时间减少了60.24%,使用LIPT+BZIP2将传输时间减少了85.20%。
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引用次数: 22
Web and hypermedia systems 网络和超媒体系统
M. Cannataro
Web-based hypermedia systems are becoming increasingly popular as tools for user-driven access to information and services. The design of a web-based hypermedia should take into account the different classes of users that are more and more heterogeneous due to world-wide deployment, different interests and social conditions. Other important sources of heterogeneity are: the kind of user terminal (standard PC browser, palmtop, wireless device, etc), the available network bandwidth and latency (wired vs wireless networks), the desired "resolution" to observe contents, etc. Thus a web system should be able to adapt itself to different user requirements and environment constraints. To face these problems, in the last years the concepts of User Modeling, Domain Modeling and Hypermedia Design have come together in the Adaptive Hypermedia System (AHS) research theme. Recently, international conferences (Adaptive Hypermedia and Adaptive Webbased Systems, Conceptual Modeling, User Modeling, Hypertext and Hypermedia) and workshops (Adaptive Hypertext and Hypermedia, Web Dynamics) have been held, and new journals (User Modeling and User-Adapted Interaction, The New Review of Hypermedia and Multimedia) appeared. More information can be found at the Adaptive Hypertext & Hypermedia web site (http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/ah/). This Special Session focuses on the use of adaptive techniques, algorithms and tools, in application areas including data management, processing, transmission and querying/searching of multimedia contents. The program of the session includes nine contributed papers, spanning major aspects of web-based hypermedia systems, from AHS, to adaptive search engines, query languages and tools. Adaptive Hypermedia Systems. Adapting information presentation and retrieval through user modeling, by C. Makris, A. Tsakalidis and B. Vassiliadis, describes an interesting architectural framework for intelligent, adaptive and personalized browsing, where the adaptation process is based on co-operative intelligent agents. An interesting algorithm for the scoring of authoritative pages is also presented. FlexXML: engineering a more flexible and adaptive web, by A. Kaplan and J. Lunn, presents a system that allows the delivery of web contents for different user's preferences and browser environment. The proposed approach allows facing different device/bandwidth environments without requiring changes to the user environment. A probabilistic adaptive hypermedia system, by M. Cannataro, A. Cuzzocrea and A. Pugliese, presents an Adaptive Hypermedia System which use a probabilistic approach for User and Application Domain modeling. The adaptation process addresses three different aspects: technology (network and user’s terminal), external environment (location, language, etc.) and user’s behavior (browsing activity). Search Engines. Searching and surfing the web using a semi-adaptive meta-engine, by A. Castellucci, G. Ianni, and D. Vasile, presents an interesting combin
基于web的超媒体系统作为用户驱动访问信息和服务的工具正变得越来越流行。基于web的超媒体的设计应该考虑到由于世界范围的部署、不同的兴趣和社会条件而越来越异构的不同类别的用户。其他重要的异构来源是:用户终端的类型(标准PC浏览器、掌上电脑、无线设备等)、可用的网络带宽和延迟(有线与无线网络)、观察内容所需的“分辨率”等。因此,web系统应该能够适应不同的用户需求和环境约束。为了解决这些问题,近年来,用户建模、领域建模和超媒体设计的概念在自适应超媒体系统(AHS)的研究主题中得到了融合。近年来,国际会议(自适应超媒体与自适应网络系统、概念建模、用户建模、超文本与超媒体)和研讨会(自适应超文本与超媒体、网络动力学)相继召开,新期刊(用户建模与用户自适应交互、超媒体与多媒体新评论)相继问世。更多信息可以在自适应超文本和超媒体网站(http://wwwis.win.tue.nl/ah/)上找到。本次特别会议重点讨论自适应技术、算法和工具在多媒体内容的数据管理、处理、传输和查询/搜索等应用领域的应用。会议计划包括九篇贡献论文,涵盖基于web的超媒体系统的主要方面,从AHS到自适应搜索引擎、查询语言和工具。自适应超媒体系统。C. Makris、A. Tsakalidis和B. Vassiliadis通过用户建模调整信息表示和检索,描述了一个有趣的智能、自适应和个性化浏览的架构框架,其中适应过程基于合作的智能代理。本文还提出了一种有趣的权威页面评分算法。由a . Kaplan和J. Lunn撰写的FlexXML:设计一个更灵活和适应性更强的web,提出了一个允许根据不同用户偏好和浏览器环境交付web内容的系统。提出的方法允许面对不同的设备/带宽环境,而不需要改变用户环境。M. Cannataro, A. Cuzzocrea和A. Pugliese提出了一个概率自适应超媒体系统,该系统使用概率方法对用户和应用程序域进行建模。适应过程涉及三个不同的方面:技术(网络和用户终端)、外部环境(位置、语言等)和用户行为(浏览活动)。搜索引擎。使用由a . Castellucci、G. Ianni和D. Vasile设计的半自适应元引擎搜索和浏览网页,展示了用户自适应与基于蜘蛛的元搜索技术的有趣结合。使用非贝叶斯聚类方法避免了对大量文档进行分类的需要。D. Montesi、A. Trombetta和P. A. Dearnley提出了一种用于自定义web重构的查询语言,它引入了一种用于查询和重构web资源中提取的信息的模糊查询语言。该语言允许捕获查询(可能包含关于文档相关性的加权条件,而不是一些关键字)和数据(通常由搜索引擎提供)中出现的不确定性。S. Flesca, F. Furfaro和E. Masciari的《监测网页信息变化》描述了一种有趣的方法来监测网页的变化。这种方法在自适应系统中非常有用,这些系统的表现可能依赖于外部网页。C、Lee和H. Yang使用web挖掘方法开发电子商务自适应搜索引擎,提出了一种基于SOM神经网络实现web搜索引擎的方法。工具。F. Ferri等人使用自适应编辑器自动生成工作文档,提出了一种创建HTML文档的方法,从组件部件的形状和语义开始。它可以用作自适应超媒体的编辑器。Bonchi等人的智能web缓存数据挖掘描述了一种智能web缓存架构,能够根据客户端的访问模式调整其行为。通过使用分类和规则关联技术改进了Web缓存。该系统可以提高AHSs的性能。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Proceedings International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and Computing
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