Pujianiki Ni Nyoman, I. N. S. Parwata, I. M. Antara, Kurihara Kazumi, Akhmad Rivai
Indonesia is one of the countries infected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At the end of March 2020, the provincial government of Bali appointed Udayana University Hospital to handle COVID-19 patients because the province has experienced an increase in the number of positive cases. In September 2020, COVID-19 cases in Bali increased by more than 100%, resulting in a higher volume and content of hazardous liquid waste. Furthermore, hazardous liquid waste is the residue of activities that contain substances that can pollute and damage the environment and health, necessitating more efforts in managing the processing of hazardous wastewater produced by the hospital. Based on the background above, this study developed and applied an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Udayana University Hospital. In principle, the IoT system can be used as a real-time monitoring tool and minimizes direct contact activities of officers’ WWTP sites. Moreover, the Liquid Film Aerator (LFA) was applied to improve the efficiency of WWTP. The developed IoT system successfully monitors pH, DO, and real-time temperature, and the monitoring results were presented in a web-based user interface. The result shows better power usage efficiency than conventional aeration. Furthermore, conventional aeration with a root blower requires 619.8 watts to produce 1 mg/L of DO, while LFA only requires 273.2 watts. The developed systems can be applied to other hospitals or similar wastewater plants that handle COVID-19 cases.
{"title":"Development of IoT-Based Real-Time Monitoring System and LFA to Improve the Efficiency and Performance of Wastewater Treatment Plant in Udayana University Hospital","authors":"Pujianiki Ni Nyoman, I. N. S. Parwata, I. M. Antara, Kurihara Kazumi, Akhmad Rivai","doi":"10.22146/jcef.5122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.5122","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia is one of the countries infected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by acute respiratory syndrome virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). At the end of March 2020, the provincial government of Bali appointed Udayana University Hospital to handle COVID-19 patients because the province has experienced an increase in the number of positive cases. In September 2020, COVID-19 cases in Bali increased by more than 100%, resulting in a higher volume and content of hazardous liquid waste. Furthermore, hazardous liquid waste is the residue of activities that contain substances that can pollute and damage the environment and health, necessitating more efforts in managing the processing of hazardous wastewater produced by the hospital. Based on the background above, this study developed and applied an Internet of Things (IoT) based monitoring system to the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Udayana University Hospital. In principle, the IoT system can be used as a real-time monitoring tool and minimizes direct contact activities of officers’ WWTP sites. Moreover, the Liquid Film Aerator (LFA) was applied to improve the efficiency of WWTP. The developed IoT system successfully monitors pH, DO, and real-time temperature, and the monitoring results were presented in a web-based user interface. The result shows better power usage efficiency than conventional aeration. Furthermore, conventional aeration with a root blower requires 619.8 watts to produce 1 mg/L of DO, while LFA only requires 273.2 watts. The developed systems can be applied to other hospitals or similar wastewater plants that handle COVID-19 cases.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79794155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ductility plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of a structure, as its inadequacy can lead to sudden and brittle failure. Despite its significance, there is no explicit method for determining, leading to inconsistency and confusion in selecting appropriate techniques. Misjudging a structure’s ductile behaviour can have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, this study examined several preliminary studies and identified twenty-one methods for computing ductility indices. These indices were categorized into three types, namely conventional, displacement-based, and energy-based. The conventional ductility indices are commonly applied to steel-reinforced members, deformation-based ductility indices to FRP-reinforced members, and energy-based ductility indices to earthquake-resistant and static-load structures. Conventional ductility indices are specific to ductile reinforcements, while displacement-based and energy-based ductility indices apply to both ductile and non-ductile reinforcements. However, different calculation methods can lead to significant variations in the computed ductility, particularly for those involving the first crack, and load factor, thereby leading to different ductility requirements for ensuring structural safety. Additionally, not all methods are explicit, and it is crucial to avoid indiscriminately applying requirements from one method to another.
{"title":"Methods to Determine Ductility of Structural Members: A Review","authors":"J. H. Ling, Yong Tat Lim, E. Jusli","doi":"10.22146/jcef.6631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.6631","url":null,"abstract":"Ductility plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of a structure, as its inadequacy can lead to sudden and brittle failure. Despite its significance, there is no explicit method for determining, leading to inconsistency and confusion in selecting appropriate techniques. Misjudging a structure’s ductile behaviour can have catastrophic consequences. Therefore, this study examined several preliminary studies and identified twenty-one methods for computing ductility indices. These indices were categorized into three types, namely conventional, displacement-based, and energy-based. The conventional ductility indices are commonly applied to steel-reinforced members, deformation-based ductility indices to FRP-reinforced members, and energy-based ductility indices to earthquake-resistant and static-load structures. Conventional ductility indices are specific to ductile reinforcements, while displacement-based and energy-based ductility indices apply to both ductile and non-ductile reinforcements. However, different calculation methods can lead to significant variations in the computed ductility, particularly for those involving the first crack, and load factor, thereby leading to different ductility requirements for ensuring structural safety. Additionally, not all methods are explicit, and it is crucial to avoid indiscriminately applying requirements from one method to another.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75090501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia and usually destroys both high and low-rise buildings as well as triggers liquefaction and Tsunami. This means it is important to provide a robust building design with the ability to resist earthquake load and other induced phenomena. One of the methods commonly used to determine the relevant response spectrum of the bedrock is seismic hazard analysis which can be either Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) or Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA). The application of PSHA allows the representation of the response spectrum of an earthquake using the return period, thereby providing the engineers with the flexibility of selecting the appropriate natural period. Meanwhile, DSHA is based on geological observations and empirical data that can be easily understood. This research discussed the greater influence of seismic hazard analysis on the bedrock response spectrum of near-fault areas including Bandung situated at a distance of 12.9 km from Lembang Fault, Palu at 3 km from Palu Fault, and Yogyakarta at 8.5 km from Opak Fault. Moreover, EZFRISK Program was used to generate a response spectrum at bedrock and the results showed that PSHA is consistently more conservative than DSHA. It was also noted that there are significant differences at shorter periods for Palu site but these differences were observed at the natural period between 1s and 2s for Bandung and Yogyakarta sites.
{"title":"The Study of Seismic Hazard in Near-Fault Areas Using Probabilistic and Deterministic Approach","authors":"G. Aglia, M. Wijaya, P. Rahardjo","doi":"10.22146/jcef.5469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.5469","url":null,"abstract":"Earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters in Indonesia and usually destroys both high and low-rise buildings as well as triggers liquefaction and Tsunami. This means it is important to provide a robust building design with the ability to resist earthquake load and other induced phenomena. One of the methods commonly used to determine the relevant response spectrum of the bedrock is seismic hazard analysis which can be either Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) or Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA). The application of PSHA allows the representation of the response spectrum of an earthquake using the return period, thereby providing the engineers with the flexibility of selecting the appropriate natural period. Meanwhile, DSHA is based on geological observations and empirical data that can be easily understood. This research discussed the greater influence of seismic hazard analysis on the bedrock response spectrum of near-fault areas including Bandung situated at a distance of 12.9 km from Lembang Fault, Palu at 3 km from Palu Fault, and Yogyakarta at 8.5 km from Opak Fault. Moreover, EZFRISK Program was used to generate a response spectrum at bedrock and the results showed that PSHA is consistently more conservative than DSHA. It was also noted that there are significant differences at shorter periods for Palu site but these differences were observed at the natural period between 1s and 2s for Bandung and Yogyakarta sites.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90759549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to characterize washed concrete wastewater and examine the effectiveness of three different adsorbents in reducing its high alkalinity and metal contents. It is important to note that proper treatment is essential before discharging wastewater into water bodies to prevent any negative impact on the environment. Therefore, in this study, an adsorption scenario was conducted to obtain optimum treatment for washed concrete wastewater. The objectives of this study are as follows (1) to determine the typical characteristics of washed concrete wastewater based on the parameters outlined in the Regulation of the Ministry of Environment of Indonesia No 5 of 2014 and (2) to assess the performance of different adsorbents. Three wastewater samples were obtained from a ready-mix plant and then tested in the laboratory. The initial test was conducted to identify influent characteristics, and from this test, it was found that only the pH level exceeded the specified standard. Following this, the study then assessed the ability of three adsorbents to reduce the pH level in washed concrete wastewater using the batch test in Duplo. The pH level was measured at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 24 hours. The three adsorbents tested were activated carbon, clay brick, and dried domestic sewage sludge. The result shows that dried domestic sewage sludge was the most effective at reducing alkaline wastewater due to its acidic pH. Therefore, it has the potential to replace other commercial adsorbents and reduce the problem of sludge disposal. Further research on this material is recommended, such as evaluating its performance in a more solid form, such as brick, and assessing its contamination potential.
{"title":"Wastewater Characterization and pH Neutralizing Effect of Adsorbents: A Case Study of Washed Concrete Wastewater from a Ready-Mix Plant","authors":"Adhin Harum Wulaningtyas, Ni Nyoman, Nepi Marleni","doi":"10.22146/jcef.6622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.6622","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to characterize washed concrete wastewater and examine the effectiveness of three different adsorbents in reducing its high alkalinity and metal contents. It is important to note that proper treatment is essential before discharging wastewater into water bodies to prevent any negative impact on the environment. Therefore, in this study, an adsorption scenario was conducted to obtain optimum treatment for washed concrete wastewater. The objectives of this study are as follows (1) to determine the typical characteristics of washed concrete wastewater based on the parameters outlined in the Regulation of the Ministry of Environment of Indonesia No 5 of 2014 and (2) to assess the performance of different adsorbents. Three wastewater samples were obtained from a ready-mix plant and then tested in the laboratory. The initial test was conducted to identify influent characteristics, and from this test, it was found that only the pH level exceeded the specified standard. Following this, the study then assessed the ability of three adsorbents to reduce the pH level in washed concrete wastewater using the batch test in Duplo. The pH level was measured at 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 24 hours. The three adsorbents tested were activated carbon, clay brick, and dried domestic sewage sludge. The result shows that dried domestic sewage sludge was the most effective at reducing alkaline wastewater due to its acidic pH. Therefore, it has the potential to replace other commercial adsorbents and reduce the problem of sludge disposal. Further research on this material is recommended, such as evaluating its performance in a more solid form, such as brick, and assessing its contamination potential.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88796671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study highlights the simulation of tsunami cases using HEC-RAS 6.1. The primary aim is to evaluate the capability of the software in performing tsunami simulation due to its standalone computational framework (pre-processing, execution, and post-processing stages), making the modeling process interactive. The model accuracy was tested against some benchmark cases of wave propagation, including analytical solutions, laboratory experiments, and field measurements. The results showed HEC-RAS was capable of modeling tsunami propagation. The maximum elevation and velocity magnitude were accurately computed for the analytical cases. Furthermore, sufficiently accurate results were obtained for the laboratory case, where the maximum elevation was properly computed. For the field cases, the wave arrival time and the fluctuations of water surface and velocity were appropriately calculated. The Root Mean Square Error values between the numerical results and the analytical/observed data were relatively low below 30%, with the Pearson Product Moment Correlation values ranging from 52–99%. In addition to its eminence, a drawback was found regarding the graphical user interface (GUI) of HEC-RAS for the input of boundary conditions. These findings will be beneficial for the coastal engineering community and the continuous development of HEC-RAS.
{"title":"Investigating the Capability of HEC-RAS Model for Tsunami Simulation","authors":"Rifa Amaliah, B. Ginting","doi":"10.22146/jcef.6140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.6140","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights the simulation of tsunami cases using HEC-RAS 6.1. The primary aim is to evaluate the capability of the software in performing tsunami simulation due to its standalone computational framework (pre-processing, execution, and post-processing stages), making the modeling process interactive. The model accuracy was tested against some benchmark cases of wave propagation, including analytical solutions, laboratory experiments, and field measurements. The results showed HEC-RAS was capable of modeling tsunami propagation. The maximum elevation and velocity magnitude were accurately computed for the analytical cases. Furthermore, sufficiently accurate results were obtained for the laboratory case, where the maximum elevation was properly computed. For the field cases, the wave arrival time and the fluctuations of water surface and velocity were appropriately calculated. The Root Mean Square Error values between the numerical results and the analytical/observed data were relatively low below 30%, with the Pearson Product Moment Correlation values ranging from 52–99%. In addition to its eminence, a drawback was found regarding the graphical user interface (GUI) of HEC-RAS for the input of boundary conditions. These findings will be beneficial for the coastal engineering community and the continuous development of HEC-RAS. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80060564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This research aims to assess the effect of temperature gradient developed within the concrete slab of rigid pavement, and to investigate its impact when incorporated with the traffic load, and the heat transfer pattern. The rigid pavement model considers an isotropic, uniform, and linear-elastic schemes to simulate the material properties. A numerical analysis approach was employed using Abaqus software incorporated with the 3D Solid model. The traffic loads were obtained from the field surveys, while the temperature of the slabs was measured directly on the site. The dimension of the rigid panel is 2.75 m in width, 5 m long, slab thickness of 25 cm, and concrete specification of 41.33 MPa. The results showed that the temperature gradient produced a significant impact on stress development within the concrete slab of rigid pavement. It was observed that the temperature gradient during the daytime generated higher stress than at night, with a value reaching the MOR (Modulus of Rupture). The exposure of the rigid pavement to 500C tends to produce a principle slab stress of 2.395 MPa, while 1.31 MPa was developed due to the traffic load. When the two factors were combined, the concrete slab acquired a maximum principle stress of 3.322 MPa, which is close to the MOR of 83.34% fa. These results showed that the pavement is capable of withstanding stress from temperature gradient and traffic load as indicated by the ratio of less than one (1). However, this ratio is high for fatigue failure mitigation purposes, and this reduces the quality of life of the rigid pavement.
{"title":"The Influence of Temperature Variations on Rigid Pavement Concrete Slabs","authors":"Anno Mahfuda, S. Siswosukarto, B. Suhendro","doi":"10.22146/jcef.5744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.5744","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to assess the effect of temperature gradient developed within the concrete slab of rigid pavement, and to investigate its impact when incorporated with the traffic load, and the heat transfer pattern. The rigid pavement model considers an isotropic, uniform, and linear-elastic schemes to simulate the material properties. A numerical analysis approach was employed using Abaqus software incorporated with the 3D Solid model. The traffic loads were obtained from the field surveys, while the temperature of the slabs was measured directly on the site. The dimension of the rigid panel is 2.75 m in width, 5 m long, slab thickness of 25 cm, and concrete specification of 41.33 MPa. The results showed that the temperature gradient produced a significant impact on stress development within the concrete slab of rigid pavement. It was observed that the temperature gradient during the daytime generated higher stress than at night, with a value reaching the MOR (Modulus of Rupture). The exposure of the rigid pavement to 500C tends to produce a principle slab stress of 2.395 MPa, while 1.31 MPa was developed due to the traffic load. When the two factors were combined, the concrete slab acquired a maximum principle stress of 3.322 MPa, which is close to the MOR of 83.34% fa. These results showed that the pavement is capable of withstanding stress from temperature gradient and traffic load as indicated by the ratio of less than one (1). However, this ratio is high for fatigue failure mitigation purposes, and this reduces the quality of life of the rigid pavement.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85543663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Yudianto, Farrell Wiguna, B. Ginting, Albert Wicaksono, Xie Yuebo
Historically, the occurrence of dam-break cases has been proven to cause significant loss of life and economical damage. Apart from the catastrophic nature of dam-breaks, the absence of a robust disaster prevention system exacerbates the disasters that occur. This study proposes an Early Warning System (EWS) to mitigate the impact of dam-break disasters. However, predicting the occurrence of such disasters is challenging, specifically in areas like Indonesia, where comprehensive data recording is lacking. While it may be difficult to predict the occurrence of a sunny day break, the storm-induced break is more predictable. Therefore, this study proposes a simple yet effective macro-based EWS for Earth-Filled Dam-Break Cases using a macro approach based on the Evacuation Clearance Time (ECT). By comparing the ECT value with the arrival time of the floods from the affected areas, additional evacuation time can be obtained, which will be used to determine the EWS. The proposed EWS for Cengklik Dam is given in three levels of warning indicated by the reservoir water level at +141.36 m, +141.40 m, and +141.45 m. With the proposed EWS, the results show that 100% of people are expected to reach the evacuation point safely. The case study shows that the proposed EWS can significantly reduce the risk impact of the dam-break events.
{"title":"Establishing a Simple-yet-effective Approach of Early Warning System for Storm-Induced Earth-Filled Dam-Break Cases in Data-sparse Region","authors":"D. Yudianto, Farrell Wiguna, B. Ginting, Albert Wicaksono, Xie Yuebo","doi":"10.22146/jcef.6126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.6126","url":null,"abstract":"Historically, the occurrence of dam-break cases has been proven to cause significant loss of life and economical damage. Apart from the catastrophic nature of dam-breaks, the absence of a robust disaster prevention system exacerbates the disasters that occur. This study proposes an Early Warning System (EWS) to mitigate the impact of dam-break disasters. However, predicting the occurrence of such disasters is challenging, specifically in areas like Indonesia, where comprehensive data recording is lacking. While it may be difficult to predict the occurrence of a sunny day break, the storm-induced break is more predictable. Therefore, this study proposes a simple yet effective macro-based EWS for Earth-Filled Dam-Break Cases using a macro approach based on the Evacuation Clearance Time (ECT). By comparing the ECT value with the arrival time of the floods from the affected areas, additional evacuation time can be obtained, which will be used to determine the EWS. The proposed EWS for Cengklik Dam is given in three levels of warning indicated by the reservoir water level at +141.36 m, +141.40 m, and +141.45 m. With the proposed EWS, the results show that 100% of people are expected to reach the evacuation point safely. The case study shows that the proposed EWS can significantly reduce the risk impact of the dam-break events.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81910013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sermo Dam is located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and serves multiple purposes including providing drinking water, supplementing irrigation systems in the Kalibawang area, and flood control. According to data published by the World Commission, 60% of mitigation measures taken to overcome the impact of dam structure failures are unsuccessful. The simulation of dam failure serves as a crucial aspect of flood mitigation plans and strategies because it is more destructive than natural flood waves. This research used HEC-RAS 5.0.7 to examine the flood inundation mapping and simulate dam failure in two dimensions. However, Dam Break Analysis was adopted to provide a Dam Emergency Action Plan Guide to guide managers and the community. The overtopping scenario was adapted to model the failure of the Sermo Dam based on the frequent occurrence of heavy and extreme precipitation in the affected area. Data were analyzed using unsteady flow and PMF discharge with peak inflow discharge of 1276.6 m³/s, which result in an inundation area of 9394 hectares and a maximum flood height of 17 m. Dam failure-induced floods tend to potentially affect eight sub-districts including Kokap, Pengasih, Sentolo, Wates, Panjatan, Galur, Lendah, and Temon. The piping scenario is also considered based on the potential damage that tends to occur. In the piping scenario, the biggest flooding area was 5112 hectares with a maximum flood height of 13 m. About six sub-districts are potentially affected by dam failure-induced floods with Kokap and Sentolo being excluded from the list. Therefore, it is crucial to establish early warning systems and infrastructure to mitigate disaster risks. The results of this research can also inform evacuation planning, damage estimation, and post-flood rehabilitation efforts in the affected areas.
{"title":"Dam Break Analysis of Sermo Dam","authors":"Maria Sumira, E. Anggraheni, R. M. S. Prastica","doi":"10.22146/jcef.5619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.5619","url":null,"abstract":"Sermo Dam is located in the Special Region of Yogyakarta and serves multiple purposes including providing drinking water, supplementing irrigation systems in the Kalibawang area, and flood control. According to data published by the World Commission, 60% of mitigation measures taken to overcome the impact of dam structure failures are unsuccessful. The simulation of dam failure serves as a crucial aspect of flood mitigation plans and strategies because it is more destructive than natural flood waves. This research used HEC-RAS 5.0.7 to examine the flood inundation mapping and simulate dam failure in two dimensions. However, Dam Break Analysis was adopted to provide a Dam Emergency Action Plan Guide to guide managers and the community. The overtopping scenario was adapted to model the failure of the Sermo Dam based on the frequent occurrence of heavy and extreme precipitation in the affected area. Data were analyzed using unsteady flow and PMF discharge with peak inflow discharge of 1276.6 m³/s, which result in an inundation area of 9394 hectares and a maximum flood height of 17 m. Dam failure-induced floods tend to potentially affect eight sub-districts including Kokap, Pengasih, Sentolo, Wates, Panjatan, Galur, Lendah, and Temon. The piping scenario is also considered based on the potential damage that tends to occur. In the piping scenario, the biggest flooding area was 5112 hectares with a maximum flood height of 13 m. About six sub-districts are potentially affected by dam failure-induced floods with Kokap and Sentolo being excluded from the list. Therefore, it is crucial to establish early warning systems and infrastructure to mitigate disaster risks. The results of this research can also inform evacuation planning, damage estimation, and post-flood rehabilitation efforts in the affected areas.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78274229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fransisca Natania Karina Rediasti, R. Jayadi, B. Triatmodjo
The construction of the Meninting Reservoir was planned with the objective of meeting the irrigation and domestic water demands on Lombok Island. It served as a multipurpose reservoir, with a maximum storage volume of 12.18 million m³, mainly for supplying irrigation and domestic water. The reservoir had considerable potential for water availability, which could be used to supply water to the South Lombok region with limited water availability but had agricultural land potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of Meninting Reservoir water availability and its optimum utilization for irrigation and domestic purposes. The irrigation water demand for 1,559.29 ha and domestic water demand of 150 ls-1 was fulfilled by Meninting Reservoir. Water availability in this Reservoir was estimated with the F.J. Mock method of rainfall-runoff model using 25 years of daily rainfall data from Gunung Sari and Sesaot rain gauge stations. The calibration process of the rainfall-runoff parameters models employed observed discharge data from the Aiknyet water level gauge station. The formula for optimizing reservoir water release was prepared using the linear programming method based on operational water level limits, inflow discharge, irrigation, and non-irrigation water requirements, including domestic water. The optimal average annual cropping intensity was 203.96%, 215.87%, and 241.41% for dry, normal, and wet years, respectively. The service reliability of irrigation and domestic water demands reached 100% for all inflow discharge conditions. The k-factor value met the minimum limit of 0.70 and 0.85 for irrigation and domestic water demands, respectively.
门明水库的建设是为了满足龙目岛的灌溉和生活用水需求。它是一个多用途水库，最大蓄水量为1218万立方米，主要用于灌溉和生活用水。该水库具有相当大的供水潜力，可用于向水供应有限但具有农业用地潜力的南龙目岛地区供水。因此，本研究旨在评价蒙宁水库水资源利用潜力及其灌溉和生活用水的优化利用。门明水库满足1559.29 ha的灌溉用水需求和150 l -1的生活用水需求。利用Gunung Sari和Sesaot雨量站25年的日降雨量数据，采用降雨-径流模型的F.J.模拟方法估算了该水库的可用水量。降雨径流参数模型的标定过程采用了Aiknyet水位计站的实测流量数据。基于运行水位限制、入库流量、灌溉和非灌溉用水(包括生活用水)需求，采用线性规划方法编制水库放水优化公式。旱年、平年和丰年的最佳平均种植强度分别为203.96%、215.87%和241.41%。在所有入流排放条件下，灌溉用水和生活用水的服务可靠性达到100%。灌溉用水和生活用水的k因子值分别满足0.70和0.85的最小限值。
{"title":"Optimizing the Use of Meninting Multipurpose Reservoir Water in West Lombok District","authors":"Fransisca Natania Karina Rediasti, R. Jayadi, B. Triatmodjo","doi":"10.22146/jcef.7161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.7161","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of the Meninting Reservoir was planned with the objective of meeting the irrigation and domestic water demands on Lombok Island. It served as a multipurpose reservoir, with a maximum storage volume of 12.18 million m³, mainly for supplying irrigation and domestic water. The reservoir had considerable potential for water availability, which could be used to supply water to the South Lombok region with limited water availability but had agricultural land potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of Meninting Reservoir water availability and its optimum utilization for irrigation and domestic purposes. The irrigation water demand for 1,559.29 ha and domestic water demand of 150 ls-1 was fulfilled by Meninting Reservoir. Water availability in this Reservoir was estimated with the F.J. Mock method of rainfall-runoff model using 25 years of daily rainfall data from Gunung Sari and Sesaot rain gauge stations. The calibration process of the rainfall-runoff parameters models employed observed discharge data from the Aiknyet water level gauge station. The formula for optimizing reservoir water release was prepared using the linear programming method based on operational water level limits, inflow discharge, irrigation, and non-irrigation water requirements, including domestic water. The optimal average annual cropping intensity was 203.96%, 215.87%, and 241.41% for dry, normal, and wet years, respectively. The service reliability of irrigation and domestic water demands reached 100% for all inflow discharge conditions. The k-factor value met the minimum limit of 0.70 and 0.85 for irrigation and domestic water demands, respectively. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79641902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arif Yunando Sunanhadikusuma, Ezra Y. S. Tjung, Aswin Lim
Finite Element Method (FEM) has been the state-of-the-art method in geotechnical analysis since it first formulated in the 40s. It capable to handle Multiphysics simulation, soil-structure and soil-water interaction, and time history analysis. Though powerful, the standard Lagrangian FEM suffers mesh distortion when handling large strain deformation problem. This mesh entanglement problem makes post-failure analysis is considerably challenging to model if not impossible to do using FEM. The Material Point Method (MPM) then later introduced to solve these large strain deformation problems. Adapted from the Particle in Cell (PIC) method, MPM is a hybrid method that combines Eularian and Lagrangian approach by utilizing moving material points which are moving over spatially fixed computational mesh. This approach enables MPM to calculate not only fluid mechanics such in PIC but also solid mechanics and its intermediatory states. To demonstrate the capability of MPM and its consistency with FEM in geotechnical analysis, this article presents a comparison of FEM and MPM analysis on a hypothetical slope using Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model. The simulation shows that both FEM and MPM analyses are consistent to each other especially in small strain scheme. However, in large strain deformation, MPM is still able to get convergent result while FEM is not. The MPM simulation is also able to animate post failure behavior clearly, calculate post-failure strains and stresses distribution, and present final geometry of the model.
{"title":"Comparison of Material Point Method and Finite Element Method for Post-Failure Large Deformation Geotechnical Analysis","authors":"Arif Yunando Sunanhadikusuma, Ezra Y. S. Tjung, Aswin Lim","doi":"10.22146/jcef.3524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/jcef.3524","url":null,"abstract":"Finite Element Method (FEM) has been the state-of-the-art method in geotechnical analysis since it first formulated in the 40s. It capable to handle Multiphysics simulation, soil-structure and soil-water interaction, and time history analysis. Though powerful, the standard Lagrangian FEM suffers mesh distortion when handling large strain deformation problem. This mesh entanglement problem makes post-failure analysis is considerably challenging to model if not impossible to do using FEM. The Material Point Method (MPM) then later introduced to solve these large strain deformation problems. Adapted from the Particle in Cell (PIC) method, MPM is a hybrid method that combines Eularian and Lagrangian approach by utilizing moving material points which are moving over spatially fixed computational mesh. This approach enables MPM to calculate not only fluid mechanics such in PIC but also solid mechanics and its intermediatory states. To demonstrate the capability of MPM and its consistency with FEM in geotechnical analysis, this article presents a comparison of FEM and MPM analysis on a hypothetical slope using Mohr-Coulomb constitutive model. The simulation shows that both FEM and MPM analyses are consistent to each other especially in small strain scheme. However, in large strain deformation, MPM is still able to get convergent result while FEM is not. The MPM simulation is also able to animate post failure behavior clearly, calculate post-failure strains and stresses distribution, and present final geometry of the model.","PeriodicalId":31890,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79294558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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