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[Proceedings] The 14th IEEE/NPSS Symposium Fusion Engineering最新文献

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Using statistical and uncertainty analyses in design, applied to a tokamak central solenoid 应用统计和不确定性分析设计托卡马克中央螺线管
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218709
F. McClintock, J. Feng, R. Vieira
An uncertainty analysis combines the resulting prediction limits with estimated effects of a number of factors, of which the most important are: the statistical variability and limited number of specimens, the largest undetected crack length, the plate-to-plate variability, and the allowance for oversights. The total effect of these (and many more minor) effects is to reduce the allowable stress, for chosen odds against fracture of 10000 to 1, to about 2/3 of the central statistical value. The analysis highlights the factors needing further study and illustrates the value of statistical and uncertainty analyses, which should be combined with cost-benefit and fault-free analyses to complement code-based design.<>
不确定性分析将结果预测限制与许多因素的估计影响结合起来,其中最重要的是:统计变异性和有限数量的试样,最大未检测到的裂纹长度,板对板的变异性,以及疏忽的允许。这些(以及许多次要的)影响的总效果是将允许应力降低到中心统计值的2/3左右,即所选的10000比1的断裂几率。该分析强调了需要进一步研究的因素,并说明了统计和不确定性分析的价值,应将其与成本效益和无故障分析相结合,以补充基于代码的设计
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引用次数: 6
LIBRA-LiTE, a light ion inertial confinement fusion reactor with ballistic ion propagation LIBRA-LiTE,一个具有弹道离子传播的轻离子惯性约束聚变反应堆
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218766
R. Peterson, R. Englestad, G. Kulcinski, E. Lovell, J. Macfarlane, E. Mogahed, G. Moses, S. Rutledge, M. Sawan, I. Sviatoslavsky, G. Sviatoslavsky, L. Wittenberg
LIBRA-LiTE is a conceptual design for a 1300-MWe power plant using light ion inertial fusion. LIBRA-LiTE differs from the LIBRA design in its use of ballistically focused light ions to drive the target. Focusing magnets are positioned 2.05 m from the target, which, to mitigate neutron damage effects, has required a novel magnet design using liquid lithium as a conductor. A sacrificial film of liquid lithium protects the magnets, the target chamber side walls and bottom from the X-rays and debris released by the target microexplosion. The target neutrons deposit in a tritrium breeding blanket of liquid lithium confined to woven metal tubes on the sides and in a pool on the bottom. The top of the target chamber is a metallic dome removed far enough (16 m) from the target to be a lifetime component.<>
LIBRA-LiTE是一个使用光离子惯性聚变的1300兆瓦发电厂的概念设计。天秤座- lite与天秤座的不同之处在于它使用弹道聚焦光离子来驱动目标。聚焦磁体位于距离目标2.05 m的位置,为了减轻中子损伤效应,需要使用液态锂作为导体的新型磁体设计。一层液态锂牺牲膜保护磁铁、靶室侧壁和底部免受靶微爆炸释放的x射线和碎片的伤害。目标中子沉积在由液态锂组成的氚增殖毯中,该层被限制在两侧的编织金属管中,并沉积在底部的池中。靶室的顶部是一个金属圆顶,距离目标足够远(16米),是一个终身部件。
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引用次数: 3
BPX toroidal field coil design BPX环形场线圈设计
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218880
P. Heitzenroeder
The toroidal field coil system of the Burning Plasma Experiment (BPX) consists of 18 beryllium copper magnets arrayed in a wedged configuration with a major radius of 2.6 m and a field strength capability on axis of 9.0 T. The toroidal array is constructed from six 3-coil modules to facilitate remote recovery in the event of a magnet failure after nuclear activation precludes hands-on servicing. The magnets are of a modified Bitter plate design with partial cases of type 316-LN stainless steel welded with Inconel 182 weld wire. The coil turn plates are fabricated from CDA C17510 beryllium copper with optimized mechanical, thermal, and electrical characteristics. Cryogenic cooling is used to reduce power dissipation and to enhance performance. The magnets are cooled between experimental pulses by pressurized liquid nitrogen flowing through channels in the edges of the coil turns, allowing one full-power pulse per hour. Overturning forces are reacted by friction forces generated by the wedging pressure in the central leg regions and by case and structure in the other regions of the coil. The magnets are designed to structural design criteria modeled after the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, but with appropriate changes.<>
燃烧等离子体实验(BPX)的环形磁场线圈系统由18个铍铜磁铁组成,以楔形结构排列,主半径为2.6 m,轴上的磁场强度为9.0 t。环形阵列由6个3线圈模块组成,以便在核激活导致无法手动维修的磁体故障时进行远程恢复。磁铁采用改良的苦板设计,部分外壳采用316-LN型不锈钢,焊接有因康乃尔182焊丝。线圈转板由CDA C17510铍铜制成,具有优化的机械,热和电气特性。低温冷却用于降低功耗和提高性能。磁体在实验脉冲之间被加压液氮冷却,液氮流经线圈边缘的通道,每小时可以产生一个全功率脉冲。倾覆力是由中心支腿区域的楔入压力和线圈其他区域的外壳和结构产生的摩擦力产生的。磁铁的结构设计标准以ASME锅炉和压力容器规范第III节为模型,但进行了适当的修改。
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引用次数: 2
A modular timing system for megawatt gyrotrons 兆瓦级回旋管的模块化定时系统
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218717
D. Petersen
A new timing system has been designed to meet the requirements for the one megawatt test set (MWTS). This test set is a system of power supplies, support systems, controls, and monitors that will be used for the development of 1-MW gyrotrons. The purpose of the timing system is to provide timing signals for control of the gyrotron's cathode, anode, and heater power supplies as well as oscilloscope, digitizer, and other control or diagnostic triggers. Some unique timing requirements include four main operating modes: single pulse, repetitive pulse, continuous wave (CW), and CW cathode with repetitively pulsed anode. Timing adjustments can be made while the tube is running with no adverse effects. This modular, distributed timing system is implemented using two CAMAC modules: the master timing controller and the two channel timing generator. A single master timing controller provides real-time control and synchronization for all timing generators in the system. The timing generators provide triggers having adjustable delay and duration to the various system components.<>
为了满足1兆瓦试验台(MWTS)的要求,设计了一种新的定时系统。该测试装置是一个由电源、支持系统、控制和监视器组成的系统,将用于1兆瓦回旋加速器的开发。定时系统的目的是为控制回旋管的阴极、阳极和加热器电源以及示波器、数字化仪和其他控制或诊断触发器提供定时信号。一些独特的时序要求包括四种主要工作模式:单脉冲、重复脉冲、连续波(CW)和连续波阴极与重复脉冲阳极。时间调整可以在管道运行时进行,没有不良影响。这个模块化的分布式定时系统采用两个CAMAC模块:主定时控制器和双通道定时发生器。单个主定时控制器为系统中的所有定时发生器提供实时控制和同步。定时发生器为各种系统组件提供具有可调延迟和持续时间的触发器。
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引用次数: 2
A plasma neutralizer by use of magnetron discharge 磁控管放电等离子体中和器
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218698
K. Yoshikawa, Y. Yamamoto, H. Toku, S. Hashimoto, N. Komoda
A novel plasma neutralizer concept for a very simple structure is presented by making use of magnetron discharge for efficient plasma production with higher electron temperatures. Preliminary experimental results show electron temperatures as high as 20 eV, and 8*10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/ electron density in an argon plasma, which are both promising for the plasma neutralizer. The effects of magnetic fields on the beam deflection are found negligible for extremely energetic beams like the 1.3-MeV D/sup -/ beams for ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). Issues for further improvements of plasma parameters are discussed.<>
提出了一种结构简单的等离子体中和器的新概念,即利用磁控管放电在较高的电子温度下产生高效的等离子体。初步实验结果表明,氩等离子体中的电子温度高达20 eV,电子密度为8*10/sup 11/ cm/sup -3/,这都是等离子体中和剂的理想选择。对于像ITER(国际热核实验反应堆)的1.3 mev D/sup /光束这样的高能光束,磁场对光束偏转的影响可以忽略不计。讨论了进一步改进等离子体参数的问题。
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引用次数: 1
Target chamber gas response and vaporization in a laser and a heavy ion beam IFE reactor 靶室气体在激光和重离子束IFE反应器中的响应和汽化
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218794
R. Peterson, J. Macfarlane, P. Wang
The authors have investigated the target chamber designs for two IFE (inertial-confinement fusion energy) reactors (SOMBRERO and OSIRIS). The CONRAD computer code has been used to analyze certain critical aspects of these designs. Auto-neutralized transport is considered and a gas density is used that precludes protection of the first surface of the target chamber from X-rays and ions. The dominant issue in the design of the SOMBRERO laser fusion target chamber is the reradiation of absorbed target energy from the gas to the wall of the target chamber. In the OSIRIS heavy ion fusion target chamber, vaporization of material from the wall is the most important consideration. In SOMBRERO, 0.5 torr of xenon gas should allow beam transport and will protect the graphite wall vaporization by target energy. In OSIRIS, it was found that the FLIBE is vaporized and that a high peak pressure but moderate impulse shock reaches the vapor/liquid interface in the FLIBE.<>
作者研究了两个IFE(惯性约束聚变能)反应堆(SOMBRERO和OSIRIS)的靶室设计。CONRAD计算机代码已被用于分析这些设计的某些关键方面。考虑了自动中和输运,并使用了一种气体密度,该密度排除了对靶室第一表面的保护,使其不受x射线和离子的伤害。SOMBRERO激光聚变靶室设计的主要问题是吸收的靶能量从气体向靶室壁的辐射。在OSIRIS重离子聚变靶室中,壁材料的汽化是最重要的考虑因素。在SOMBRERO中,0.5 torr的氙气应该允许光束传输,并将保护石墨壁被目标能量蒸发。在OSIRIS中,发现FLIBE是汽化的,并且在FLIBE的蒸汽/液体界面上有一个很高的峰值压力,但脉冲冲击适中。
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引用次数: 1
Diagnostics of the high-speed single-pellet injector for the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade 弗拉斯卡蒂托卡马克升级中高速单颗粒喷射器的诊断
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218653
E. Frattolillo, S. Migliori, F. Mirizzi, F. Scaramuzzi
A diagnostic apparatus has been designed and tested, giving mass and speed measurements and in-flight pictures of the solid D/sub 2/ pellets for the high-speed (up to 3.3 km/s) single-pellet injector (SPIN) to be installed on the Frascati Tokamak Upgrade, (FTU), in order to completely characterize each of the launched pellets. A detailed description of the apparatus and of experimental results obtained with a prototype injector is given. From the point of view of speed determination, the system gives reliable results. Some problems have been detected on the volume (mass) determination, because the inner surfaces of the cavities have not been accurately treated for vacuum since they are prototypes. A new set of cavities is under construction and the whole setup will be improved according to what the experience with the prototypes suggests. Good-quality in-flight pictures of the pellets are reliably obtained by means of a video recording apparatus and a 20-ns pulsed flash lamp.<>
已经设计并测试了一种诊断设备,为安装在弗拉斯卡蒂托卡马克升级(FTU)上的高速(高达3.3公里/秒)单颗粒喷射器(SPIN)提供固体D/sub - 2/颗粒的质量和速度测量和飞行图像,以便完全表征每个发射的颗粒。详细介绍了该装置和用原型喷射器获得的实验结果。从速度测定的角度来看,该系统给出了可靠的结果。在体积(质量)测定中发现了一些问题,因为它们是原型,所以腔的内表面没有进行精确的真空处理。一组新的空腔正在建造中,整个装置将根据原型的经验进行改进。通过视频记录装置和20ns脉冲闪光灯,可靠地获得了颗粒的高质量飞行图像。
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引用次数: 3
Compact ignition experiments: design and performance 小型点火实验:设计与性能
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218791
A. Angelini, B. Coppi, M. Nassi
Compact high field experiments are shown to be suitable for producing low-temperature ignition (T/sub 0/ approximately=11 keV) of D-T plasma mixtures with n/sub 0/ approximately=10/sup 21/ m/sup -3/ under known criteria of both energetics and stability. The 12 MA plasma current considered for the Ignitor configuration is gradually induced in the plasma column while its cross section is increased, allowing the control of the current density distribution in such a way that the region where q>
紧凑的高场实验表明,在已知的能量学和稳定性准则下,适合产生n/sub 0/约=10/sup 21/ m/sup -3/的D-T等离子体混合物的低温点火(T/sub 0/约=11 keV)。考虑用于点火器配置的12 MA等离子体电流在等离子体柱中逐渐诱导,同时其横截面增加,允许以这样的方式控制电流密度分布,即q>的区域
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引用次数: 0
Study of plasma disruptions in JET and its implications on engineering requirements JET中等离子体干扰的研究及其对工程需求的影响
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218917
A. Tanga, M. Garribba, M. Hugon, M. Johnson, C. Lowry, C. Nardone, P. Noll, M. Pick, S. Saibene, G. Sannazzaro
The authors discuss the problems associated with the decay of the plasma current in JET (Joint European Torus) disruptions. It is noted that the slow mode of plasma current decay may offer the best chances of minimizing the forces in high current disruptions. However, the plasma position needs to be controlled during the decay of the plasma current. The radial field position can be controlled by a sufficiently fast vertical field amplifier. For the control of the vertical position the two problems to be solved are the magnetohydrodynamic perturbations of the magnetic signals and the increased vertical destabilization, which coincides in time with the measured energy quench. It has been demonstrated that a substantial reduction of the vessel forces can be achieved by reducing plasma elongation prior to the disruption.<>
讨论了欧洲联合环面(JET)破坏中等离子体电流衰减的相关问题。值得注意的是,等离子体电流衰减的缓慢模式可能提供最大限度地减少大电流中断的力的最佳机会。然而,在等离子体电流衰减过程中,需要对等离子体位置进行控制。径向场位置可以由一个足够快的垂直场放大器控制。对于垂直位置的控制,需要解决的两个问题是磁信号的磁流体动力扰动和垂直失稳的增加,这与测量到的能量猝灭在时间上是一致的。已经证明,在破坏之前,通过减少等离子体伸长可以大大降低血管力
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引用次数: 2
Development of a man/machine interface system for the JT-60 upgrade 开发用于JT-60升级的人机接口系统
Pub Date : 1991-09-30 DOI: 10.1109/FUSION.1991.218727
I. Yonekawa, M. Shimono, T. Totsuka, K. Yamagishi
The authors describe the design and initial operation of a new JT-60 (JAERI Tokamak-60) man-machine interface system built in workstations. Development of the system was stimulated by the requirements of making of JT-60 operator interface more friendly on the basis of the past five years of operational experience. Eleven Sun/3 workstations and their supervisory minicomputer HIDIC V90/45 are connected through the standard network, Ethernet. The network is also connected to the existing ZENKEI minicomputer system through the shared memory on the HIDIC V90/45 minicomputer. Improved software, such as automatic setting of the discharge conditions, consistency check among the related parameters, and easy operation for discharge result data display, provides the user-friendly environments. This man-machine interface system leads to the efficient JT-60 upgrade operation.<>
介绍了新型JT-60 (JAERI托卡马克-60)工作站人机界面系统的设计和初步运行情况。在过去5年的作战经验的基础上,为使JT-60的操作界面更加友好,该系统的开发受到了刺激。11个Sun/3工作站和它们的监控微型计算机HIDIC V90/45通过标准网络以太网连接起来。网络也通过HIDIC V90/45微型计算机上的共享内存连接到现有的ZENKEI微型计算机系统。改进的软件,自动设置放电条件,相关参数一致性检查,放电结果数据显示操作简便,提供了人性化的环境。该人机界面系统实现了JT-60的高效升级操作。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
[Proceedings] The 14th IEEE/NPSS Symposium Fusion Engineering
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