Yongping Xie, Suqin Li, Xiaodong Pan, Yongkui Li, Ao Zhang
Due to its stable physical and chemical properties and its abundance in nature, quartz is widely employed in industrial and high-tech applications. However, the presence of diverse types and states of impurities in quartz ores from different geological formations poses a challenge in the process of purifying high-purity quartz, leading to wastage of raw materials and escalated costs. This study presents the socio-economic applications of quartz, scrutinizes the formation and separation mechanisms of impurities in quartz ores from a mineralogical perspective, examines the obstacles faced in quartz purification, explains the current state of development, and provides a technical summary of quartz purification. The analysis reveals that lattice impurity elements and various types of inclusion impurities are the principal factors affecting the purity of quartz. Various green separation techniques are applied based on the composition of the quartz minerals and the state of the impurities. Standard practices may involve physical pre-treatment such as scrubbing, ultrasonic crushing, and electromagnetic pulse cracking, followed by rough cleaning through color separation, superconducting high gradient magnetic separation, and flotation, and chemical pre-treatment (high-temperature or microwave roasting with chloride doping, and ammonium sulfate thermal crushing combined with water quenching to remove gas-liquid inclusions from quartz minerals). Finally, finishing processes such as fluorine-free and catalytic hot-pressure acid leaching or microbiological purification treatment with filamentous or Aspergillus fungi are used to obtain high-purity silica sand with an anticipated purity of about 99.99%.
{"title":"Recent advances in the marketing, impurity characterization and purification of quartz","authors":"Yongping Xie, Suqin Li, Xiaodong Pan, Yongkui Li, Ao Zhang","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.17","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its stable physical and chemical properties and its abundance in nature, quartz is widely employed in industrial and high-tech applications. However, the presence of diverse types and states of impurities in quartz ores from different geological formations poses a challenge in the process of purifying high-purity quartz, leading to wastage of raw materials and escalated costs. This study presents the socio-economic applications of quartz, scrutinizes the formation and separation mechanisms of impurities in quartz ores from a mineralogical perspective, examines the obstacles faced in quartz purification, explains the current state of development, and provides a technical summary of quartz purification. The analysis reveals that lattice impurity elements and various types of inclusion impurities are the principal factors affecting the purity of quartz. Various green separation techniques are applied based on the composition of the quartz minerals and the state of the impurities. Standard practices may involve physical pre-treatment such as scrubbing, ultrasonic crushing, and electromagnetic pulse cracking, followed by rough cleaning through color separation, superconducting high gradient magnetic separation, and flotation, and chemical pre-treatment (high-temperature or microwave roasting with chloride doping, and ammonium sulfate thermal crushing combined with water quenching to remove gas-liquid inclusions from quartz minerals). Finally, finishing processes such as fluorine-free and catalytic hot-pressure acid leaching or microbiological purification treatment with filamentous or Aspergillus fungi are used to obtain high-purity silica sand with an anticipated purity of about 99.99%.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139214850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhoujie Wang, Yan Xiang, Jingyi Wang, Zhiyong Gao, Wei Sun, Lei Xie
Understanding the interfacial interaction mechanisms of bubble-mineral systems is of paramount importance in the fields of fundamental science and engineering. Over the past few decades, researchers have employed the techniques such as atomic force microscope colloidal or bubble probe to quantitatively measure the bubble-mineral and bubble-bubble interactions at the nanoscale. However, accurately quantifying the interactions involving deformable bubbles has proven challenging due to the complexity of both theoretical analysis and experimental verification. To improve the understanding of interfacial mechanisms involved in the bubble and mineral systems, an overview of recent nanomechanical advancements in bubble-mineral interaction is required. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the nanomechanical understanding of interactions of bubble-mineral particles or surfaces and the interactions of bubble-bubble in mineral systems during various interfacial processes. Furthermore, we highlight the potential challenges for future research in this area. By shedding light on the underlying mechanisms governing interfacial interactions in bubble-mineral systems, this review offers valuable insights and paves the way for the development of effective strategies to manipulate and control these interactions in both environmental and engineering applications.
{"title":"Overview of interfacial interaction mechanisms of bubble-mineral systems at the nanoscale","authors":"Zhoujie Wang, Yan Xiang, Jingyi Wang, Zhiyong Gao, Wei Sun, Lei Xie","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the interfacial interaction mechanisms of bubble-mineral systems is of paramount importance in the fields of fundamental science and engineering. Over the past few decades, researchers have employed the techniques such as atomic force microscope colloidal or bubble probe to quantitatively measure the bubble-mineral and bubble-bubble interactions at the nanoscale. However, accurately quantifying the interactions involving deformable bubbles has proven challenging due to the complexity of both theoretical analysis and experimental verification. To improve the understanding of interfacial mechanisms involved in the bubble and mineral systems, an overview of recent nanomechanical advancements in bubble-mineral interaction is required. In this review, we provide a comprehensive review of recent advancements in the nanomechanical understanding of interactions of bubble-mineral particles or surfaces and the interactions of bubble-bubble in mineral systems during various interfacial processes. Furthermore, we highlight the potential challenges for future research in this area. By shedding light on the underlying mechanisms governing interfacial interactions in bubble-mineral systems, this review offers valuable insights and paves the way for the development of effective strategies to manipulate and control these interactions in both environmental and engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"29 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139241144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deus Albert Msumange, Joshua Albert Msumange, Kathy Bru, Florent Bourgeois
This paper aims to provide an overview of tungsten (W) tailings properties, detrimental impacts of these tailings, approaches to mitigate these impacts, and a presentation of methods to reprocess them to capture their economic value. Since W is widely used in a variety of industries, it has been extensively mined since the 19th century, and the mining continues to generate significant volumes of tailings. Recent data show that global W production stands at 84 kt per year, and more than 100 Mt of W tailings exist containing over 100 kt of WO3. The tailings contain variable amounts of valuable products and deleterious environmental substances. Some of the contained metals are in great demand for the energy transition. However, these tailings usually contain FeS2/Pyrrhotite and FeAsS minerals, which, when exposed to air and water, can produce acid mine drainage. As such, W tailings may pose environmental and human health risks. Globally, the reprocessing of W tailings presents a potential resource that can be regarded as a paradigm of sustainability and circular economy. Flotation, enhanced gravity separation, and wet high-intensity magnetic separation have been reported to be the common approaches to reprocessing W tailings. However, W processing presents particular difficulties owing to complex material properties, such as fine particle size, surface weathering, similarity in surface properties exhibited by gangue materials (fluorite, apatite, calcite), low concentrations of the elements of interest, and poor mineral liberation.
{"title":"Tungsten tailings issues and reprocessing solutions","authors":"Deus Albert Msumange, Joshua Albert Msumange, Kathy Bru, Florent Bourgeois","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.21","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to provide an overview of tungsten (W) tailings properties, detrimental impacts of these tailings, approaches to mitigate these impacts, and a presentation of methods to reprocess them to capture their economic value. Since W is widely used in a variety of industries, it has been extensively mined since the 19th century, and the mining continues to generate significant volumes of tailings. Recent data show that global W production stands at 84 kt per year, and more than 100 Mt of W tailings exist containing over 100 kt of WO3. The tailings contain variable amounts of valuable products and deleterious environmental substances. Some of the contained metals are in great demand for the energy transition. However, these tailings usually contain FeS2/Pyrrhotite and FeAsS minerals, which, when exposed to air and water, can produce acid mine drainage. As such, W tailings may pose environmental and human health risks. Globally, the reprocessing of W tailings presents a potential resource that can be regarded as a paradigm of sustainability and circular economy. Flotation, enhanced gravity separation, and wet high-intensity magnetic separation have been reported to be the common approaches to reprocessing W tailings. However, W processing presents particular difficulties owing to complex material properties, such as fine particle size, surface weathering, similarity in surface properties exhibited by gangue materials (fluorite, apatite, calcite), low concentrations of the elements of interest, and poor mineral liberation.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"11 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135480138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Siphumelele Majodina, Olwethu Poswayo, Tendai O. Dembaremba, Zenixole R. Tshentu
Mineral materials play a pivotal in heterogeneous catalysts as active, support, or promoter components, with the oil refinery industry being one of the biggest beneficiaries. While conventional hydroprocessing catalysts have historically met the industry’s needs, the growing need to accommodate unique feedstocks, meet the increasing demand for environmentally acceptable products, obtain better product specifications, enhance selectivity for reactions to increase ratios for certain product cuts, and use more cost-effective and abundant mineral materials, has recently motivated for fresh considerations in the development of hydroprocessing catalysts. Based on periodic trends, noble metals possess the most desirable qualities, but their relative abundance in the Earth’s crust is too low to meet industry needs. They are costly and highly sensitive to sulfur poisoning. Mo and W lie in the sweet spot, but it is anticipated that they cannot meet the increasing demand. Investigations of electronic interactions of more economical and abundant metals, such as Nb, V, and Fe, with other elements and support materials have yielded a better understanding of synergistic effects that help to access noble metal-like qualities. This work contrasts conventional hydroprocessing catalysts and recently improved catalysts, detailing the chemistry considerations behind the selection of mineral materials used in the catalysts. It also explores how further manipulation of these mineral materials and synthesis approaches is driving toward more desirable properties. The work brings to the attention of the readers the challenges and opportunities for the further improvement of hydroprocessing catalysts to ensure environmental sustainability while meeting the industry’s growing needs.
{"title":"Towards improvement of hydroprocessing catalysts - understanding the role of advanced mineral materials in hydroprocessing catalysts","authors":"Siphumelele Majodina, Olwethu Poswayo, Tendai O. Dembaremba, Zenixole R. Tshentu","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"Mineral materials play a pivotal in heterogeneous catalysts as active, support, or promoter components, with the oil refinery industry being one of the biggest beneficiaries. While conventional hydroprocessing catalysts have historically met the industry’s needs, the growing need to accommodate unique feedstocks, meet the increasing demand for environmentally acceptable products, obtain better product specifications, enhance selectivity for reactions to increase ratios for certain product cuts, and use more cost-effective and abundant mineral materials, has recently motivated for fresh considerations in the development of hydroprocessing catalysts. Based on periodic trends, noble metals possess the most desirable qualities, but their relative abundance in the Earth’s crust is too low to meet industry needs. They are costly and highly sensitive to sulfur poisoning. Mo and W lie in the sweet spot, but it is anticipated that they cannot meet the increasing demand. Investigations of electronic interactions of more economical and abundant metals, such as Nb, V, and Fe, with other elements and support materials have yielded a better understanding of synergistic effects that help to access noble metal-like qualities. This work contrasts conventional hydroprocessing catalysts and recently improved catalysts, detailing the chemistry considerations behind the selection of mineral materials used in the catalysts. It also explores how further manipulation of these mineral materials and synthesis approaches is driving toward more desirable properties. The work brings to the attention of the readers the challenges and opportunities for the further improvement of hydroprocessing catalysts to ensure environmental sustainability while meeting the industry’s growing needs.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"721 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136067911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, an electrolytic process was introduced for coupled regeneration of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) solution and water electrolysis by using an anion exchange membrane cell. The process made the CO2 separation from O2 much easier with respect to the existing cationic exchange membrane process. The solution of K2CO3 was used in the cathode chamber to simulate the solution after absorbing CO2. The solution of sulfuric acid (0.1 mol/L H2SO4) was charged in the anode chamber. The feasibility of the process was discussed. The effects of various operation parameters, including temperature, current density, and electrolysis time, were studied. The results indicate that both the yield rate of CO2 and the current efficiency increase initially and decrease afterward with temperature. The yield rate of CO2 increases while the current efficiency decreases with the current density. A low current density can reduce the energy consumption for producing the same amount of CO2. The processes using anion exchange membrane electrolysis can regenerate the absorbent solution to achieve 89% current efficiency, and the simultaneous production of three pure gases, CO2, H2, and O2, makes this method promising.
{"title":"Feasibility of CO<sub>2</sub> desorption and electrolytic regeneration of potassium carbonate solution in an anion exchange membrane cell","authors":"Daxue Fu, Yukun Wang, Shikai Yu","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.19","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an electrolytic process was introduced for coupled regeneration of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) solution and water electrolysis by using an anion exchange membrane cell. The process made the CO2 separation from O2 much easier with respect to the existing cationic exchange membrane process. The solution of K2CO3 was used in the cathode chamber to simulate the solution after absorbing CO2. The solution of sulfuric acid (0.1 mol/L H2SO4) was charged in the anode chamber. The feasibility of the process was discussed. The effects of various operation parameters, including temperature, current density, and electrolysis time, were studied. The results indicate that both the yield rate of CO2 and the current efficiency increase initially and decrease afterward with temperature. The yield rate of CO2 increases while the current efficiency decreases with the current density. A low current density can reduce the energy consumption for producing the same amount of CO2. The processes using anion exchange membrane electrolysis can regenerate the absorbent solution to achieve 89% current efficiency, and the simultaneous production of three pure gases, CO2, H2, and O2, makes this method promising.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"30 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135405471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Removing molybdenite from chalcopyrite by flotation has long been a challenge due to their similar floatability as sulfide minerals. However, the difference in the magnetic susceptibility of the two minerals may be employed to address this challenge. Recently, pulsating high-gradient magnetic separation (PHGMS) has been reported effective as an environmentally friendly and economical strategy for separating chalcopyrite from molybdenite, but the mechanism of their magnetic differences is unclear. The current investigation employed crystal field theory and density functional theory calculations to theoretically elucidate the magnetic properties of these two minerals, and their difference was further demonstrated by experimental investigations. Under optimized conditions in a SLon-100 cyclic PHGMS separator, a chalcopyrite concentrate assaying 31.47% Cu and 0.44% Mo at 81.93% Cu and 5.56% Mo recoveries was produced from a pure chalcopyrite-molybdenite mixture that initially contained 26.29% Cu and 5.42% Mo. After the separation process, the Cu grade decreased to 15.06%, whereas the Mo grade increased to 16.22% in the nonmagnetic product. These findings have potential implications for the separation of chalcopyrite from molybdenite using PHGMS.
{"title":"High-gradient magnetic separation mechanism for separation of chalcopyrite from molybdenite","authors":"Pulin Dai, Zixing Xue, Xiaowei Li, Yaxiong Jiang, Nourhan Ahmed, Jianwu Zeng, Luzheng Chen","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.12","url":null,"abstract":"Removing molybdenite from chalcopyrite by flotation has long been a challenge due to their similar floatability as sulfide minerals. However, the difference in the magnetic susceptibility of the two minerals may be employed to address this challenge. Recently, pulsating high-gradient magnetic separation (PHGMS) has been reported effective as an environmentally friendly and economical strategy for separating chalcopyrite from molybdenite, but the mechanism of their magnetic differences is unclear. The current investigation employed crystal field theory and density functional theory calculations to theoretically elucidate the magnetic properties of these two minerals, and their difference was further demonstrated by experimental investigations. Under optimized conditions in a SLon-100 cyclic PHGMS separator, a chalcopyrite concentrate assaying 31.47% Cu and 0.44% Mo at 81.93% Cu and 5.56% Mo recoveries was produced from a pure chalcopyrite-molybdenite mixture that initially contained 26.29% Cu and 5.42% Mo. After the separation process, the Cu grade decreased to 15.06%, whereas the Mo grade increased to 16.22% in the nonmagnetic product. These findings have potential implications for the separation of chalcopyrite from molybdenite using PHGMS.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135412442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contribution of mineral processing and metallurgical technology to sustainable development of world mining industry","authors":"Johannes H. Potgieter","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.18","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135083523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Phase change materials (PCMs), which have the ability of absorbing and releasing thermal energy in phase change process, are one of the most reliable materials for thermal energy storage. In this work, stearic acid (SA) used as PCMs were filled into the three-dimensional interconnected montmorillonite (Mt) aerogel to construct composite PCMs (3D-Mt/SA CPCMs) with good shape stability and high mechanical strength. Owing to the super porosity, the CPCMs can encapsulate a large amount of SA and result in the phase change enthalpy as high as 183 J/g. In addition, due to the surface tension and capillary forces of 3D-Mt aerogels, the SA were confined in the pore structure tightly, leading to excellent structural stability and good cycling performances during continuous solid-to-liquid phase change. Results also showed that the prepared 3D-Mt/SA CPCMs can withstand a weight of 500 g without any deformation, and the loads are as high as 1.01 and 13.81 MPa under 55% and 80% deformation, respectively. With high heat storage capacity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength, the prepared 3D-Mt/SA CPCMs have great application potential in the field of thermal energy storage.
{"title":"3D montmorillonite aerogel/SA composite phase change materials with mechanically strong strength and superior thermal energy storage performances","authors":"Lei Qin, Cong Guo, Qijing Guo, Hao Yi, Feifei Jia","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.20","url":null,"abstract":"Phase change materials (PCMs), which have the ability of absorbing and releasing thermal energy in phase change process, are one of the most reliable materials for thermal energy storage. In this work, stearic acid (SA) used as PCMs were filled into the three-dimensional interconnected montmorillonite (Mt) aerogel to construct composite PCMs (3D-Mt/SA CPCMs) with good shape stability and high mechanical strength. Owing to the super porosity, the CPCMs can encapsulate a large amount of SA and result in the phase change enthalpy as high as 183 J/g. In addition, due to the surface tension and capillary forces of 3D-Mt aerogels, the SA were confined in the pore structure tightly, leading to excellent structural stability and good cycling performances during continuous solid-to-liquid phase change. Results also showed that the prepared 3D-Mt/SA CPCMs can withstand a weight of 500 g without any deformation, and the loads are as high as 1.01 and 13.81 MPa under 55% and 80% deformation, respectively. With high heat storage capacity, good thermal stability, and excellent mechanical strength, the prepared 3D-Mt/SA CPCMs have great application potential in the field of thermal energy storage.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135344714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to its exceptional and distinct features, graphene has become a prominent two-dimensional material. According to the raw materials and synthetic procedures, there are two categories of graphene synthesis techniques: “bottom-up” and “top-down” methods. Reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is one of the “top-down” techniques that use graphite as the starting material. This approach is now regarded as the most potential way to produce graphene on a large scale and is particularly well-suited for chemical modification and subsequent processing. This review summarizes the synthesis procedure of reduced GO (RGO) and presents the preparation methods of it and its precursors, such as graphite oxide and GO. In addition, the possible approaches for reducing the defects in RGO have been discussed.
{"title":"Chemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide: a review","authors":"Yang Hu, Hanyu Gao","doi":"10.20517/mmm.2023.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/mmm.2023.07","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its exceptional and distinct features, graphene has become a prominent two-dimensional material. According to the raw materials and synthetic procedures, there are two categories of graphene synthesis techniques: “bottom-up” and “top-down” methods. Reduction of graphene oxide (GO) is one of the “top-down” techniques that use graphite as the starting material. This approach is now regarded as the most potential way to produce graphene on a large scale and is particularly well-suited for chemical modification and subsequent processing. This review summarizes the synthesis procedure of reduced GO (RGO) and presents the preparation methods of it and its precursors, such as graphite oxide and GO. In addition, the possible approaches for reducing the defects in RGO have been discussed.","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126486240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Welcome to Minerals and Mineral Materials, a new scientific and technological journal","authors":"Shaoxian Song","doi":"10.20517/MMM.2021.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20517/MMM.2021.01","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":319570,"journal":{"name":"Minerals and Mineral Materials","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122848961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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