This contribution investigates how accurate location information is on smartphones. Our research is based on a data set consisting of 2289 locations gathered from a marketed iPhone application. In a first analysis, it became evident that the accuracy information differs significantly among iPhone and iPod and iPad devices. A second analysis of the accuracy values reveals clusters of accuracy values at above 1 km, at 500 meters, and at an accuracy of below 300 meters. Information with an accuracy of above 500 meters originated from Cell-ID based positioning. Finally, an analysis revealed that the accuracy is significantly reduced for locations with more than 500 meters away from the next populated area. The overall results suggest that additional Cell-ID based positioning technology allows for higher coverage at the costs of a significantly reduced accuracy. If location information is required, with an accuracy of below 300 meters, the technology should be limited to GPS and WLAN based positioning. Adding Cell-ID based positioning increases the coverage while accuracy is reduced.
{"title":"Accuracy of positioning data on smartphones","authors":"Stephan von Watzdorf, F. Michahelles","doi":"10.1145/1899662.1899664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1899662.1899664","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution investigates how accurate location information is on smartphones. Our research is based on a data set consisting of 2289 locations gathered from a marketed iPhone application. In a first analysis, it became evident that the accuracy information differs significantly among iPhone and iPod and iPad devices. A second analysis of the accuracy values reveals clusters of accuracy values at above 1 km, at 500 meters, and at an accuracy of below 300 meters. Information with an accuracy of above 500 meters originated from Cell-ID based positioning. Finally, an analysis revealed that the accuracy is significantly reduced for locations with more than 500 meters away from the next populated area. The overall results suggest that additional Cell-ID based positioning technology allows for higher coverage at the costs of a significantly reduced accuracy. If location information is required, with an accuracy of below 300 meters, the technology should be limited to GPS and WLAN based positioning. Adding Cell-ID based positioning increases the coverage while accuracy is reduced.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126749694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Saiph Savage, Shoji Nishimura, Norma Elva Chávez-Rodríguez, Xifeng Yan
In this paper we propose a new algorithm for finding the frequent routes that a user has in his daily routine, in our method we build a grid in which we map each of the GPS data points that belong to a certain sequence. (We consider that each sequence conforms a route) we then carry out an interpolation procedure that has a probabilistic basis and find a more precise description of the user's trajectory. For each trajectory we find the edges that were crossed, with the crossed edges we create a histogram in which the bins denote the crossed edges and the frequency value the number of times that edge was crossed for a certain user. We then select the K most frequent edges and combine them to create a list of the most frequent paths that a user has. We compared our results with the algorithm that was proposed in Adaptive learning of semantic locations and routes [6] to find frequent routes of a user, and found that our implementation on the contrary of [6] can discriminate directions, ie routes that go from A to B and routes that go from B to A are taken as different. Furthermore our implementation also permits the analysis of subsections of the routes, something that to our knowledge had not been carried out in previous related work.
{"title":"Frequent trajectory mining on GPS data","authors":"Saiph Savage, Shoji Nishimura, Norma Elva Chávez-Rodríguez, Xifeng Yan","doi":"10.1145/1899662.1899665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1899662.1899665","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we propose a new algorithm for finding the frequent routes that a user has in his daily routine, in our method we build a grid in which we map each of the GPS data points that belong to a certain sequence. (We consider that each sequence conforms a route) we then carry out an interpolation procedure that has a probabilistic basis and find a more precise description of the user's trajectory. For each trajectory we find the edges that were crossed, with the crossed edges we create a histogram in which the bins denote the crossed edges and the frequency value the number of times that edge was crossed for a certain user. We then select the K most frequent edges and combine them to create a list of the most frequent paths that a user has. We compared our results with the algorithm that was proposed in Adaptive learning of semantic locations and routes [6] to find frequent routes of a user, and found that our implementation on the contrary of [6] can discriminate directions, ie routes that go from A to B and routes that go from B to A are taken as different. Furthermore our implementation also permits the analysis of subsections of the routes, something that to our knowledge had not been carried out in previous related work.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132499155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Following paradigms like Ubiquitous Computing or the Internet of Things, modern factories are developing to intelligent environments in which wireless technology, sensor networks and mobile information access close the gap between the physical and the digital world. This article assumes that in such a versatile Factory of Things location information will play an important role for the transparent and efficient design of mobile and adaptive processes. Based upon a maintenance use case in the SmartFactoryKL it will be examined how location information can contribute to the optimization of maintenance processes. As research questions regarding the development of an appropriate system architecture, the definition of a consistent data representation for location information as well as mechanisms for its semantic interpretation are focused. Finally, the desired architecture is evaluated regarding its benefits, limitations and role as an enabler for a lean information management suitable to apply in future intelligent factories.
在泛在计算(Ubiquitous Computing)或物联网(Internet of Things)等范例的指引下，现代工厂正在向智能环境发展，在智能环境中，无线技术、传感器网络和移动信息接入缩小了物理世界和数字世界之间的差距。本文认为，在这样一个多功能的物联网工厂中，位置信息将对移动和自适应过程的透明和高效设计发挥重要作用。基于SmartFactoryKL中的一个维护用例，本文将研究位置信息如何有助于维护过程的优化。作为关于适当的系统架构开发的研究问题，重点研究了位置信息的一致数据表示的定义及其语义解释机制。最后，对期望的体系结构进行了评估，包括其优点、局限性和作为精益信息管理的推动者的作用，适用于未来的智能工厂。
{"title":"System architecture for using location information for process optimization within a factory of things","authors":"P. Stephan","doi":"10.1145/1899662.1899668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1899662.1899668","url":null,"abstract":"Following paradigms like Ubiquitous Computing or the Internet of Things, modern factories are developing to intelligent environments in which wireless technology, sensor networks and mobile information access close the gap between the physical and the digital world. This article assumes that in such a versatile Factory of Things location information will play an important role for the transparent and efficient design of mobile and adaptive processes. Based upon a maintenance use case in the SmartFactoryKL it will be examined how location information can contribute to the optimization of maintenance processes. As research questions regarding the development of an appropriate system architecture, the definition of a consistent data representation for location information as well as mechanisms for its semantic interpretation are focused. Finally, the desired architecture is evaluated regarding its benefits, limitations and role as an enabler for a lean information management suitable to apply in future intelligent factories.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131003933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last few years, the amount of online descriptive information about places and their dynamics has reached reasonable dimension for many cities in the world. Such enriched information can now support semantic analysis of space, particularly in which respects to what exists there and what happens there. We present a methodology to automatically label places according to events that happen there. To achieve this we use Information Extraction techniques applied to online Web 2.0 resources such as Zvents and Boston Calendar. Wikipedia is also used as a resource to semantically enrich the tag vectors initially extracted. We describe the process by which these semantic vectors are obtained, present results of experimental analysis, and validated these with Amazon Mechanical Turk and a set of algorithms. To conclude, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology.
{"title":"Acquiring semantic context for events from online resources","authors":"João Oliveirinha, Francisco C. Pereira, A. Alves","doi":"10.1145/1899662.1899670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1899662.1899670","url":null,"abstract":"During the last few years, the amount of online descriptive information about places and their dynamics has reached reasonable dimension for many cities in the world. Such enriched information can now support semantic analysis of space, particularly in which respects to what exists there and what happens there.\u0000 We present a methodology to automatically label places according to events that happen there. To achieve this we use Information Extraction techniques applied to online Web 2.0 resources such as Zvents and Boston Calendar. Wikipedia is also used as a resource to semantically enrich the tag vectors initially extracted.\u0000 We describe the process by which these semantic vectors are obtained, present results of experimental analysis, and validated these with Amazon Mechanical Turk and a set of algorithms. To conclude, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the methodology.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131489287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an experimental setup for the analysis of e-bike usage characteristics based on GPS data. Usage characteristics include parameters such as average and maximum velocity, trip lengths and distribution over daytime. Based on high resolution position measurement these parameters are extracted and compared to other studies on both e-bikes and conventional bicycles. We show that applying location technology to concurrent monitoring of a fleet of e-bikes yields higher quality in terms of resolution and accuracy (1), and is less intrusive (2) than obtaining these data by conventional user surveys. The findings form a proof-of-concept for the adoption of location technology to transportation and behavioral sciences and suggest further interdisciplinary collaboration in these fields.
{"title":"Inferring usage characteristics of electric bicycles from position information","authors":"Johannes Paefgen, F. Michahelles","doi":"10.1145/1899662.1899667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1899662.1899667","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an experimental setup for the analysis of e-bike usage characteristics based on GPS data. Usage characteristics include parameters such as average and maximum velocity, trip lengths and distribution over daytime. Based on high resolution position measurement these parameters are extracted and compared to other studies on both e-bikes and conventional bicycles. We show that applying location technology to concurrent monitoring of a fleet of e-bikes yields higher quality in terms of resolution and accuracy (1), and is less intrusive (2) than obtaining these data by conventional user surveys. The findings form a proof-of-concept for the adoption of location technology to transportation and behavioral sciences and suggest further interdisciplinary collaboration in these fields.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121665815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Despite much advances in both general and targeted Social Network Services (SNS) and Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN), there is currently a void in literatures on SNS that form temporary social networks to address specific problems and employ intelligent classification of members and coordination of tasks toward goal oriented action. In this position paper, we present Genetic Location-Based Social Networks (G-LBSN) which is a new concept in social networking where temporary social networks, to address specific problems, are formed. Unique characteristics of G-LBSN include: (a) formation of temporary social networks (each network has a life time which spans from its inception until the problem is solved); (b) classification of members based on their proximity to given locations, their contribution to the solution, and their availability; (c) assignment of tasks to selected members; and (d) coordination and supervision of members activities and the progress toward a solution.
{"title":"Genetic Location-Based Social Networks (G-LBSN)","authors":"H. Karimi","doi":"10.1145/1899662.1899671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1899662.1899671","url":null,"abstract":"Despite much advances in both general and targeted Social Network Services (SNS) and Location-Based Social Networks (LBSN), there is currently a void in literatures on SNS that form temporary social networks to address specific problems and employ intelligent classification of members and coordination of tasks toward goal oriented action. In this position paper, we present Genetic Location-Based Social Networks (G-LBSN) which is a new concept in social networking where temporary social networks, to address specific problems, are formed. Unique characteristics of G-LBSN include: (a) formation of temporary social networks (each network has a life time which spans from its inception until the problem is solved); (b) classification of members based on their proximity to given locations, their contribution to the solution, and their availability; (c) assignment of tasks to selected members; and (d) coordination and supervision of members activities and the progress toward a solution.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122220592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper we outline a unified architecture for representing locations of people, places and things in real or virtual worlds, called realms, on the web. Our architecture is based on the location graph that encodes web-level containment and connectedness relationships between locations. The architecture provides an information processing model that allows realm independent queries such as position, range and path, and realm specific queries, such as distance. We present existing systems that are enablers for the proposed architecture. With this architecture we enable a common way to develop location based services and applications across real or virtual realms, avoiding fragmentation.
{"title":"The location graph: towards a symbolic location architecture for the web","authors":"Vlad Stirbu, Petri Selonen, A. Palin","doi":"10.1145/1899662.1899672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1899662.1899672","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we outline a unified architecture for representing locations of people, places and things in real or virtual worlds, called realms, on the web. Our architecture is based on the location graph that encodes web-level containment and connectedness relationships between locations. The architecture provides an information processing model that allows realm independent queries such as position, range and path, and realm specific queries, such as distance. We present existing systems that are enablers for the proposed architecture. With this architecture we enable a common way to develop location based services and applications across real or virtual realms, avoiding fragmentation.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131844587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patrick Ehlen, R. Zajac, Kotcherlakota V. Bapa Rao
In traditional information retrieval, relevance is often judged by comparing the similarity of text in a query to the text of a document returned, reflecting a context-independent relevance relation. But mobile search calls for an expanded approach to assessing similarity and relevance---an approach that is highly attuned to the context-dependent factors that occur when people leave their desks and begin requesting information from different environments and perspectives.
{"title":"Location and relevance","authors":"Patrick Ehlen, R. Zajac, Kotcherlakota V. Bapa Rao","doi":"10.1145/1507136.1507142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1507136.1507142","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional information retrieval, relevance is often judged by comparing the similarity of text in a query to the text of a document returned, reflecting a context-independent relevance relation. But mobile search calls for an expanded approach to assessing similarity and relevance---an approach that is highly attuned to the context-dependent factors that occur when people leave their desks and begin requesting information from different environments and perspectives.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"100 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128466781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While the demand for Location-based Services (LBS) is strongly increasing, technical laymen are not yet able to build and provide location-aware applications. This paper presents a radical simplification of the lifecycle of LBSs. An authoring toolkit enables non-technicians to easily develop context-aware mobile applications. In addition, an adaptive user interface makes the consumption of LBSs easier. The platform we present, in covering the whole LBS supply chain, is hiding the complexity of providing and consuming LBSs from the end-users.
{"title":"Hiding the complexity of LBS","authors":"Matthias Böhmer, Gernot Bauer, W. Wicht","doi":"10.1145/1507136.1507138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1507136.1507138","url":null,"abstract":"While the demand for Location-based Services (LBS) is strongly increasing, technical laymen are not yet able to build and provide location-aware applications. This paper presents a radical simplification of the lifecycle of LBSs. An authoring toolkit enables non-technicians to easily develop context-aware mobile applications. In addition, an adaptive user interface makes the consumption of LBSs easier. The platform we present, in covering the whole LBS supply chain, is hiding the complexity of providing and consuming LBSs from the end-users.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124245360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although location-based information systems can now be accessed from mobile devices, searching for information from an outdoor environment requires a significant amount of effort given the time-consuming manipulations that need to be made. Augmented-Reality (AR) based systems can help resolve these issues by reducing the physical effort required to input keywords onto a small keyboard, and the mental effort necessary to review the search results. But most AR systems do not consider media sharing environments where individual systems are not interoperable in respect of their media and browsing abilities. In this paper, we focus on a media environment for interoperable augmented-reality systems, making the assumption that such devices will become more wide spread and that many people will share individual media in a real-world space. Furthermore, we describe such emerging scenarios and new research issues. We also present a model to manage the futuristic data, making it similar to existing physical media, and show a practical example using the system we have developed.
{"title":"Interoperable augmented web browsing for exploring virtual media in real space","authors":"Ryong Lee, D. Kitayama, Y. Kwon, K. Sumiya","doi":"10.1145/1507136.1507143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/1507136.1507143","url":null,"abstract":"Although location-based information systems can now be accessed from mobile devices, searching for information from an outdoor environment requires a significant amount of effort given the time-consuming manipulations that need to be made. Augmented-Reality (AR) based systems can help resolve these issues by reducing the physical effort required to input keywords onto a small keyboard, and the mental effort necessary to review the search results. But most AR systems do not consider media sharing environments where individual systems are not interoperable in respect of their media and browsing abilities. In this paper, we focus on a media environment for interoperable augmented-reality systems, making the assumption that such devices will become more wide spread and that many people will share individual media in a real-world space. Furthermore, we describe such emerging scenarios and new research issues. We also present a model to manage the futuristic data, making it similar to existing physical media, and show a practical example using the system we have developed.","PeriodicalId":320466,"journal":{"name":"International Workshop on Location and the Web","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123532335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：