Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-61-75
D. V. Baibulatova
The unprecedented sanctions imposed against Russia included restrictions on the supply of high-tech products and services have updated issues of ensuring the technological independence of Russia in the digital technologies field by increasing private sector involvement in innovation processes and relying on our own developments. Cooperation between the public and private sectors within the framework of public-private partnership (PPP) can become an effective tool for achieving this goal. The article analyses United States experience in use of PPPs in the digital technologies field as well as Russian practice of using this mechanism to foster business innovation activities. Analyzing specific PPP mechanisms (models), the author identifies their key features, which determine the possibilities of their application in the development and implementation of government-business cooperation projects in the digital technologies field. It is concluded that, unlike the United States, the leading country in digital development, PPP models are not used enough in Russia, which is explained, among other things, by the presence of administrative and legal barriers as well as problems with goal-setting.
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Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-27-46
T. V. Tarasyeva
The discrepancy between the level of qualifications and competencies of specialists produced by universities and the demand of the labor market has become the main challenge for the competitiveness and development of universities at the beginning of the XXI century. However, in recent years, the higher education sector has been characterized by the desire of universities to solve this problem by reducing the imbalance between the graduation of specialists and the needs of potential employers. In this connection, a new strategy for the development of universities aimed at shaping the content and structure of the educational process in accordance with the requirements of the labor market and the specifics of technology development at the present stage of higher education development is becoming a key factor for ensuring a sustainable pace of university development. The purpose of the study is to compare the state of the labor market in general and the labor market of young professionals with higher education for the period 2010–2021. to identify their relationship with the features of the modern strategic development of universities and to check the impact of the graduation structure in the areas of training and the relevance of the acquired competencies on the development of the labor market in the short term. The article offers a set of indicators that allows a comprehensive assessment of the situation in the labor market segment – the labor market of young professionals with higher education. The possibility of considering the functioning of the labor market in connection with the peculiarities of modern university development significantly expands the understanding of the labor behavior of university graduates and can also be the basis for adjusting the strategic development of universities in terms of the structure of the graduation of young specialists, which together can serve as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of universities in the educational services market.
{"title":"Trends in the development of the labor market of young professionals with higher education","authors":"T. V. Tarasyeva","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-27-46","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-27-46","url":null,"abstract":"The discrepancy between the level of qualifications and competencies of specialists produced by universities and the demand of the labor market has become the main challenge for the competitiveness and development of universities at the beginning of the XXI century. However, in recent years, the higher education sector has been characterized by the desire of universities to solve this problem by reducing the imbalance between the graduation of specialists and the needs of potential employers. In this connection, a new strategy for the development of universities aimed at shaping the content and structure of the educational process in accordance with the requirements of the labor market and the specifics of technology development at the present stage of higher education development is becoming a key factor for ensuring a sustainable pace of university development. The purpose of the study is to compare the state of the labor market in general and the labor market of young professionals with higher education for the period 2010–2021. to identify their relationship with the features of the modern strategic development of universities and to check the impact of the graduation structure in the areas of training and the relevance of the acquired competencies on the development of the labor market in the short term. The article offers a set of indicators that allows a comprehensive assessment of the situation in the labor market segment – the labor market of young professionals with higher education. The possibility of considering the functioning of the labor market in connection with the peculiarities of modern university development significantly expands the understanding of the labor behavior of university graduates and can also be the basis for adjusting the strategic development of universities in terms of the structure of the graduation of young specialists, which together can serve as a factor in increasing the competitiveness of universities in the educational services market.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-76-88
D. M. Kochetkov
After the departure of commercial scientific information databases such as Scopus and Web of Science from Russia, the problem of building a new system for research assessment is more relevant than ever. At the same time, the new system does not have to copy the previous one with other data sources. The purpose of the article is to analyze global trends in the field of research evaluation. The authors have examined key supranational documents and practices in introducing a responsible approach to research assessment in the Netherlands. All the reviewed sources agree on one point: research activities should not be assessed based solely on quantitative indicators, especially on the basis of surrogate measures of quality such as impact factor. In the Netherlands, all the key stakeholders in the research sphere adhere to responsible research evaluation. An important role is played by the concept of valorization, which involves the use of scientific research results in the economy and for the benefit of society as a whole. The experience of the Netherlands can be used in Russia to build an advanced system for assessing research activities, which will contribute to achieving the development goals of our country and the implementation of priorities in the scientific, technical, and socio-economic spheres.
在Scopus和Web of Science等商业科学信息数据库离开俄罗斯之后，建立一个新的研究评估系统的问题比以往任何时候都更加重要。同时，新系统不需要用其他数据源复制旧系统。本文的目的是分析研究评价领域的全球趋势。作者审查了在荷兰引入负责任的研究评估方法的关键超国家文件和实践。所有审查过的资料来源都同意一点:不应仅根据数量指标评价研究活动，特别是不应根据影响因子等质量替代措施评价研究活动。在荷兰，研究领域的所有关键利益相关者都坚持负责任的研究评估。价值增值的概念发挥了重要作用，它涉及将科学研究成果用于经济和整个社会的利益。俄罗斯可以利用荷兰的经验来建立一个评估研究活动的先进系统，这将有助于实现我国的发展目标和执行科学、技术和社会经济领域的优先事项。
{"title":"Modern Trends in Research Assessment: A Case of the Netherlands","authors":"D. M. Kochetkov","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-76-88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-76-88","url":null,"abstract":"After the departure of commercial scientific information databases such as Scopus and Web of Science from Russia, the problem of building a new system for research assessment is more relevant than ever. At the same time, the new system does not have to copy the previous one with other data sources. The purpose of the article is to analyze global trends in the field of research evaluation. The authors have examined key supranational documents and practices in introducing a responsible approach to research assessment in the Netherlands. All the reviewed sources agree on one point: research activities should not be assessed based solely on quantitative indicators, especially on the basis of surrogate measures of quality such as impact factor. In the Netherlands, all the key stakeholders in the research sphere adhere to responsible research evaluation. An important role is played by the concept of valorization, which involves the use of scientific research results in the economy and for the benefit of society as a whole. The experience of the Netherlands can be used in Russia to build an advanced system for assessing research activities, which will contribute to achieving the development goals of our country and the implementation of priorities in the scientific, technical, and socio-economic spheres.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-15-26
S. V. Orekhova, O. M. Nikitina
There are 2 strategic vectors of human resource management: an open or closed model. The reasons for the development or rooting of a closed model (the internal labor market) we explain by two groups of basic conditions (factors): the specifics of the external environment and the business model of the organization. Each of the conditions determines the need to attract workers with specific characteristics. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of these factors on the creation of internal labor markets in universities. The methodological framework of the study is based on human resource management and labor economics. The specificity of the business model of the university is due to the multifunctionality of its target efficiency, the complexity of the hierarchy, and the special characteristics of the goods. Also, the reasons for the emergence of closed models of human resource management are associated with bilateral and quasi-market relations in the higher education. Together, these factors explain the emergence of a special type of internal labor market. Its key characteristics are an indirect system for assessing the level of professor’s qualifications; self-selection and inbreeding as the unique institutions; implicit individual contracts as a by-product of the hidden career and the working time elasticity. In Russian universities, internal labor markets are a non-alternative model of human resource management due to the underdevelopment of infrastructure, as well as an imbalance in supply and demand in the external labor market. It is shown that the functioning of such a model will be relatively expedient when building the effective work of a university in a loose coupling net of national and international academic community.
{"title":"Internal university labor market: problem, inevitability or expediency?","authors":"S. V. Orekhova, O. M. Nikitina","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-15-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-15-26","url":null,"abstract":"There are 2 strategic vectors of human resource management: an open or closed model. The reasons for the development or rooting of a closed model (the internal labor market) we explain by two groups of basic conditions (factors): the specifics of the external environment and the business model of the organization. Each of the conditions determines the need to attract workers with specific characteristics. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of these factors on the creation of internal labor markets in universities. The methodological framework of the study is based on human resource management and labor economics. The specificity of the business model of the university is due to the multifunctionality of its target efficiency, the complexity of the hierarchy, and the special characteristics of the goods. Also, the reasons for the emergence of closed models of human resource management are associated with bilateral and quasi-market relations in the higher education. Together, these factors explain the emergence of a special type of internal labor market. Its key characteristics are an indirect system for assessing the level of professor’s qualifications; self-selection and inbreeding as the unique institutions; implicit individual contracts as a by-product of the hidden career and the working time elasticity. In Russian universities, internal labor markets are a non-alternative model of human resource management due to the underdevelopment of infrastructure, as well as an imbalance in supply and demand in the external labor market. It is shown that the functioning of such a model will be relatively expedient when building the effective work of a university in a loose coupling net of national and international academic community.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-47-60
O. A. Yeremchenko, N. G. Kurakova
The article examines the European experience in determining and measuring the achieved level of technological sovereignty in relation to individual countries, industries and technologies. The prerequisites for the actualization of the topic of technological independence in the EU countries, the key elements of the European concept of technological independence, the stages of evolution of approaches to the calculation of technological sovereignty indices are highlighted. It is shown that when developing an algorithm for calculating this index, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of sources, the availability of data, and the possibility of updating the results over time. As barriers to the application of algorithms for calculating the level of technological sovereignty of specific industries, the absence of a strict binding of companies to individual industries and technologies in reporting documents and statistical collections, as well as the impossibility of obtaining reliable estimates of the number of specialists involved in the production and research process, are indicated. The results of the analysis of approaches and a set of indicators of technological sovereignty used in the EU countries can be considered when developing algorithms for calculating the level of technological independence of domestic industries and technologies.
{"title":"Measuring the level of technological sovereignty in foreign countries: the experience of the European Union","authors":"O. A. Yeremchenko, N. G. Kurakova","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-47-60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-3-47-60","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the European experience in determining and measuring the achieved level of technological sovereignty in relation to individual countries, industries and technologies. The prerequisites for the actualization of the topic of technological independence in the EU countries, the key elements of the European concept of technological independence, the stages of evolution of approaches to the calculation of technological sovereignty indices are highlighted. It is shown that when developing an algorithm for calculating this index, it is necessary to ensure the reliability of sources, the availability of data, and the possibility of updating the results over time. As barriers to the application of algorithms for calculating the level of technological sovereignty of specific industries, the absence of a strict binding of companies to individual industries and technologies in reporting documents and statistical collections, as well as the impossibility of obtaining reliable estimates of the number of specialists involved in the production and research process, are indicated. The results of the analysis of approaches and a set of indicators of technological sovereignty used in the EU countries can be considered when developing algorithms for calculating the level of technological independence of domestic industries and technologies.","PeriodicalId":32161,"journal":{"name":"Ekonomika Nauki","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135039764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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