Roman E. Kalinin, Maria G. Konopleva, Igor A. Suchkov, Natalya V. Korotkova, Nina D. Mzhavanadze
The present review considers current data on the structure, functions and role of interleukin-13 in the pathogenesis of vascular wall varicose transformation in terms of proteolysis and inflammatory response. It is known that interleukin-13 is able to interact with transforming growth factor-1 in diseases associated with fibrosis. The latter activates fibroblasts and excessive formation of the extracellular matrix, thereby inducing fibrosis of the vascular wall, which is one of the links in the pathogenesis of varicose veins. Also, to date, there is evidence of the interleukin-13 participation in the induction of certain proteolytic enzymes synthesis, such as matrix metalloproteinases. For the latter, participation in the transformation of the venous wall has been proven to date. The remodeling of the venous wall itself can lead to an increase in the expression of proteinases, providing a proteolytic mechanism for changing the structural organization of the venous wall in varicose veins of the lower extremities. At the same time, the involvement of lysosomal cysteine proteinases remains poorly understood. The expression and production of individual cathepsins are regulated by biologically active molecules: interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor , which are directly involved in inflammatory reactions in the wall of varicose veins. In particular, venous pathology develops in a vicious circle of inflammation with the formation of abnormal venous blood flow, chronic venous hypertension and dilation, and the recruitment of leukocytes. This leads to a further, deeper, remodeling of the walls and valves of the veins, an increase in blood pressure and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators chemokines and cytokines. In connection with the above, in order to understand the mechanisms of proteolysis in the vascular wall in varicose veins of the lower extremities, it is important to have an idea about the possible interactions of interleukin-13 with transforming growth factor-1, inflammatory cytokines, and cathepsins.
{"title":"Interleukin-13: association with inflammation and cysteine proteolysis in varicose transformation of the vascular wall","authors":"Roman E. Kalinin, Maria G. Konopleva, Igor A. Suchkov, Natalya V. Korotkova, Nina D. Mzhavanadze","doi":"10.17816/kmj430382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj430382","url":null,"abstract":"The present review considers current data on the structure, functions and role of interleukin-13 in the pathogenesis of vascular wall varicose transformation in terms of proteolysis and inflammatory response. It is known that interleukin-13 is able to interact with transforming growth factor-1 in diseases associated with fibrosis. The latter activates fibroblasts and excessive formation of the extracellular matrix, thereby inducing fibrosis of the vascular wall, which is one of the links in the pathogenesis of varicose veins. Also, to date, there is evidence of the interleukin-13 participation in the induction of certain proteolytic enzymes synthesis, such as matrix metalloproteinases. For the latter, participation in the transformation of the venous wall has been proven to date. The remodeling of the venous wall itself can lead to an increase in the expression of proteinases, providing a proteolytic mechanism for changing the structural organization of the venous wall in varicose veins of the lower extremities. At the same time, the involvement of lysosomal cysteine proteinases remains poorly understood. The expression and production of individual cathepsins are regulated by biologically active molecules: interleukin-1, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor , which are directly involved in inflammatory reactions in the wall of varicose veins. In particular, venous pathology develops in a vicious circle of inflammation with the formation of abnormal venous blood flow, chronic venous hypertension and dilation, and the recruitment of leukocytes. This leads to a further, deeper, remodeling of the walls and valves of the veins, an increase in blood pressure and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators chemokines and cytokines. In connection with the above, in order to understand the mechanisms of proteolysis in the vascular wall in varicose veins of the lower extremities, it is important to have an idea about the possible interactions of interleukin-13 with transforming growth factor-1, inflammatory cytokines, and cathepsins.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135199695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadezhda V. Krakhmal, Valeriia O. Tarakanova, Sergey V. Vtorushin
Background. Known subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer, despite the common basal-like profile, have certain features that differ in terms of the course and prognosis of the disease. Therefore, the study of molecular markers that make it possible to identify subtypes of basal-like carcinomas and evaluate a probable prognosis based on their expression indicators is relevant today.
Aim. Conduct immunohistochemical subtyping of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer based on the assessment of IDO1 protein expression, compare the obtained data with clinical and morphological characteristics, as well as indicators of tumor sensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy.
Material and methods. The study was retrospective and included 42 patients diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (mean age 50.512.7 years), disease stage T14dN03M0. The patients were treated in the Departments of Chemotherapy and General Oncology of the Research Institute of Oncology of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center from 2016 to 2021. A morphological study of tumor tissue samples, breast core biopsies, and surgical material was performed. Immunohistochemical study was carried out on sections of core biopsies. The expression of markers was evaluated, the obtained data were compared with clinical and morphological characteristics, as well as with indicators of tumor sensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program, data comparison was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics and nonparametric method of Pearson's 2 test.
Results. The immunoactivated subtype was determined with the status of CK5/6+/IDO1+ carcinomas, such tumors were dominant and accounted for 81.25% (n=26/32). In these cases (CK5/6+/IDO1+), the presence of metastatic lesions in the axillary lymph nodes was statistically significantly less common, and the frequency of complete pathomorphological regression was higher than in carcinomas, the molecular profile of which corresponds to the immunosuppressive subtype (CK5/6+/IDO1).
Conclusion. Expression of the IDO1 protein may serve as a molecular and biological marker allowing immunohistochemical identification of subtypes of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer.
{"title":"Immunohistochemical subtyping and evaluation of the prognosis of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer based on IDO1 protein expression","authors":"Nadezhda V. Krakhmal, Valeriia O. Tarakanova, Sergey V. Vtorushin","doi":"10.17816/kmj117517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj117517","url":null,"abstract":"Background. Known subtypes of triple-negative breast cancer, despite the common basal-like profile, have certain features that differ in terms of the course and prognosis of the disease. Therefore, the study of molecular markers that make it possible to identify subtypes of basal-like carcinomas and evaluate a probable prognosis based on their expression indicators is relevant today.
 Aim. Conduct immunohistochemical subtyping of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer based on the assessment of IDO1 protein expression, compare the obtained data with clinical and morphological characteristics, as well as indicators of tumor sensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy.
 Material and methods. The study was retrospective and included 42 patients diagnosed with triple negative breast cancer (mean age 50.512.7 years), disease stage T14dN03M0. The patients were treated in the Departments of Chemotherapy and General Oncology of the Research Institute of Oncology of the Tomsk National Research Medical Center from 2016 to 2021. A morphological study of tumor tissue samples, breast core biopsies, and surgical material was performed. Immunohistochemical study was carried out on sections of core biopsies. The expression of markers was evaluated, the obtained data were compared with clinical and morphological characteristics, as well as with indicators of tumor sensitivity to neoadjuvant therapy. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Statistica 10.0 program, data comparison was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics and nonparametric method of Pearson's 2 test.
 Results. The immunoactivated subtype was determined with the status of CK5/6+/IDO1+ carcinomas, such tumors were dominant and accounted for 81.25% (n=26/32). In these cases (CK5/6+/IDO1+), the presence of metastatic lesions in the axillary lymph nodes was statistically significantly less common, and the frequency of complete pathomorphological regression was higher than in carcinomas, the molecular profile of which corresponds to the immunosuppressive subtype (CK5/6+/IDO1).
 Conclusion. Expression of the IDO1 protein may serve as a molecular and biological marker allowing immunohistochemical identification of subtypes of basal-like triple-negative breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135342998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
518% of pregnancies end in premature birth, defined as birth before 37weeks of gestation. Every year, 15,000,000babies are born prematurely worldwide, of which more than 1,000,000die due to complications associated with prematurity. Their contribution to neonatal and infant mortality is significant (70 and 36%, respectively). Premature birth is a syndrome characterized by many etiological factors, such as intra- and extrauterine infections, decreased excretion and decreased reception of progesterone, uterine overdistension, cervical factor, stress and a number of other, sometimes unknown, reasons. Over the past decade, some progress has been made in predicting and preventing spontaneous preterm birth. The main method for predicting and diagnosing the threat of premature birth is transvaginal ultrasound cervicometry in the second trimester of pregnancy (1424weeks). The length of the sonographically measured cervix is the most accurate prognostic criterion for assessing the risk of preterm birth, especially in pregnant women at risk (history of preterm birth). Vaginal administration of micronized progesterone reduces the risk of preterm birth in women with a short cervix. Diagnosis is based on taking into account clinical symptoms, cervical length and biochemical tests that determine placental proteins. Hospitalization in a perinatal center or levelIII institutions, which include intensive care units and the second stage of nursing newborns, serves as the basis for the effective organization of medical care for premature birth. When indications for surgical delivery are indicated, preference should be given to a cesarean section with the extraction of a low-weight fetus in the entire amniotic sac. The article also reflects the contribution of the staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after prof.V.S.Gruzdev of Kazan State Medical University in solving the problem of premature birth.
{"title":"Premature birth. Successes and failures","authors":"Ildar F. Fatkullin","doi":"10.17816/kmj595744","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj595744","url":null,"abstract":"518% of pregnancies end in premature birth, defined as birth before 37weeks of gestation. Every year, 15,000,000babies are born prematurely worldwide, of which more than 1,000,000die due to complications associated with prematurity. Their contribution to neonatal and infant mortality is significant (70 and 36%, respectively). Premature birth is a syndrome characterized by many etiological factors, such as intra- and extrauterine infections, decreased excretion and decreased reception of progesterone, uterine overdistension, cervical factor, stress and a number of other, sometimes unknown, reasons. Over the past decade, some progress has been made in predicting and preventing spontaneous preterm birth. The main method for predicting and diagnosing the threat of premature birth is transvaginal ultrasound cervicometry in the second trimester of pregnancy (1424weeks). The length of the sonographically measured cervix is the most accurate prognostic criterion for assessing the risk of preterm birth, especially in pregnant women at risk (history of preterm birth). Vaginal administration of micronized progesterone reduces the risk of preterm birth in women with a short cervix. Diagnosis is based on taking into account clinical symptoms, cervical length and biochemical tests that determine placental proteins. Hospitalization in a perinatal center or levelIII institutions, which include intensive care units and the second stage of nursing newborns, serves as the basis for the effective organization of medical care for premature birth. When indications for surgical delivery are indicated, preference should be given to a cesarean section with the extraction of a low-weight fetus in the entire amniotic sac. The article also reflects the contribution of the staff of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology named after prof.V.S.Gruzdev of Kazan State Medical University in solving the problem of premature birth.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elena I. Murach, Igor A. Medyanik, Artem S. Grishin, Mikhail M. Kontorshchikov, Dariya M. Badanina
Background. The peritumoral zone contributes to the progression of gliomas due to its altered metabolism. Superoxide dismutase is one of the main antioxidant defense enzymes; it may be related to gliomagenesis, since the activation of free radical oxidation provokes tumor transformation of cells.
Aim. Analysis of superoxide dismutase activity in different areas of the tumor depending on the status of gliomas molecular genetic markers.
Material and methods. The surgical material of 20 patients with gliomas of various degrees of anaplasia was analyzed. The brain tissue of people who died as a result of trauma (6 people) served as a control. The status of tumor markers was assessed immunohistochemically. Superoxide dismutase activity and free radical activity were determined in tumor and brain tissue homogenates using Fe-induced biochemiluminescence. For statistical analysis, the computer program StatPlus 6 with the Analyst Soft Inc package was used. Data analysis was carried out using nonparametric methods of statistical processing of the material using nonparametric criteria (MannWhitney U test, KolmogorovSmirnov test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient).
Results. With active tumor growth (Grade IV), free radical activity and superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone were higher than in intact tissue. Superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone showed significant correlations: positive with the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 (rs=0.858) and negative with mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene (rs=0.514) and methylation of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase promoter (rs=0.766). The activity of the peritumoral zone enzyme differed depending on the molecular genetic profile of gliomas. Bioinformatic analysis of interactions between superoxide dismutase and molecular genetic markers of gliomas using the STRING, BioGrid, Signor, and SignaLink databases revealed the presence of mediated interactions with IDH1 with a clustering coefficient of 0.945. This level of clustering indicates the biological relationship of IDH1 with the main enzymes of the antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase and catalase.
Conclusion. Significant correlations of superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone with the status of a tumor markers number and significant differences in enzyme activity in groups depending on the molecular genetic profile suggest the importance of assessing superoxide dismutase activity as a factor in the gliomas progression.
{"title":"Superoxide dismutase of the peritumoral zone as a factor in the progression of various molecular profiles’ gliomas","authors":"Elena I. Murach, Igor A. Medyanik, Artem S. Grishin, Mikhail M. Kontorshchikov, Dariya M. Badanina","doi":"10.17816/kmj114759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj114759","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The peritumoral zone contributes to the progression of gliomas due to its altered metabolism. Superoxide dismutase is one of the main antioxidant defense enzymes; it may be related to gliomagenesis, since the activation of free radical oxidation provokes tumor transformation of cells.
 Aim. Analysis of superoxide dismutase activity in different areas of the tumor depending on the status of gliomas molecular genetic markers.
 Material and methods. The surgical material of 20 patients with gliomas of various degrees of anaplasia was analyzed. The brain tissue of people who died as a result of trauma (6 people) served as a control. The status of tumor markers was assessed immunohistochemically. Superoxide dismutase activity and free radical activity were determined in tumor and brain tissue homogenates using Fe-induced biochemiluminescence. For statistical analysis, the computer program StatPlus 6 with the Analyst Soft Inc package was used. Data analysis was carried out using nonparametric methods of statistical processing of the material using nonparametric criteria (MannWhitney U test, KolmogorovSmirnov test, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient).
 Results. With active tumor growth (Grade IV), free radical activity and superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone were higher than in intact tissue. Superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone showed significant correlations: positive with the cell proliferation marker Ki-67 (rs=0.858) and negative with mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) gene (rs=0.514) and methylation of the O-6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase promoter (rs=0.766). The activity of the peritumoral zone enzyme differed depending on the molecular genetic profile of gliomas. Bioinformatic analysis of interactions between superoxide dismutase and molecular genetic markers of gliomas using the STRING, BioGrid, Signor, and SignaLink databases revealed the presence of mediated interactions with IDH1 with a clustering coefficient of 0.945. This level of clustering indicates the biological relationship of IDH1 with the main enzymes of the antioxidant system, superoxide dismutase and catalase.
 Conclusion. Significant correlations of superoxide dismutase activity in the peritumoral zone with the status of a tumor markers number and significant differences in enzyme activity in groups depending on the molecular genetic profile suggest the importance of assessing superoxide dismutase activity as a factor in the gliomas progression.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irina L. Nikitina, Gulnara G. Gaisina, Elena E. Klen, Galina A. Rozit, Alexander V. Samorodov
The article presents the results of systematic studies on the search for new biologically active molecules with antidepressant activity in the series of thietane-containing heterocyclic compounds and 3-substituted thietane dioxides. The used strategy for the search for antidepressant substances, based on in vivo pharmacological screening in combination with in silico methods of mathematical modeling and toxico-pharmacokinetic evaluation, is described. Studies of the biological activity of thietane-containing reaction products of azoles with thiiranes have been carried out in the series of thietanylimidazoles, titanixanthines, thietanyltriazoles, thietanyltriazolones, and 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides (more than 300 compounds have been studied). The main results of the preclinical evaluation of promising drug candidates with antidepressant activity, 3-methoxythiethane-1,1-dioxide and 3-ethoxythiethane-1,1-dioxide, are presented. Both 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides are characterized by low toxicity when administered intraperitoneally to mice (class IV low toxicity), the absence of toxic risks (mutagenic, carcinogenic, reproductive toxicity, local irritant action), high pharmaceutical potential (compliance with the rule of five Lipinsky), a wide range of action and pronounced antidepressant activity, not inferior to the reference drug amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), confirmed in highly valid in vivo models of depressive-like states (chronic mild stress and resident intruder). In tests of neuropharmacological interaction, it was found that the proposed mechanism of action of 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides is associated with stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors, blockade of 5-HT2A/2C receptors and/or 2-adrenergic receptors. The need for further research is substantiated in order to create domestic first in class antidepressants on their basis.
{"title":"Prospects for the creation of new drug candidates with antidepressant activity among thietanes","authors":"Irina L. Nikitina, Gulnara G. Gaisina, Elena E. Klen, Galina A. Rozit, Alexander V. Samorodov","doi":"10.17816/kmj346694","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj346694","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the results of systematic studies on the search for new biologically active molecules with antidepressant activity in the series of thietane-containing heterocyclic compounds and 3-substituted thietane dioxides. The used strategy for the search for antidepressant substances, based on in vivo pharmacological screening in combination with in silico methods of mathematical modeling and toxico-pharmacokinetic evaluation, is described. Studies of the biological activity of thietane-containing reaction products of azoles with thiiranes have been carried out in the series of thietanylimidazoles, titanixanthines, thietanyltriazoles, thietanyltriazolones, and 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides (more than 300 compounds have been studied). The main results of the preclinical evaluation of promising drug candidates with antidepressant activity, 3-methoxythiethane-1,1-dioxide and 3-ethoxythiethane-1,1-dioxide, are presented. Both 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides are characterized by low toxicity when administered intraperitoneally to mice (class IV low toxicity), the absence of toxic risks (mutagenic, carcinogenic, reproductive toxicity, local irritant action), high pharmaceutical potential (compliance with the rule of five Lipinsky), a wide range of action and pronounced antidepressant activity, not inferior to the reference drug amitriptyline (10 mg/kg), confirmed in highly valid in vivo models of depressive-like states (chronic mild stress and resident intruder). In tests of neuropharmacological interaction, it was found that the proposed mechanism of action of 3-substituted thietane-1,1-dioxides is associated with stimulation of 5-HT1A receptors, blockade of 5-HT2A/2C receptors and/or 2-adrenergic receptors. The need for further research is substantiated in order to create domestic first in class antidepressants on their basis.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Foat Sh. Akhmetzyanov, Ramil R. Gaynanshin, Vasiliy I. Egorov, Natalya V. Fedotova
Determination of the viability of the anastomosed ends of the intestine is the most important stage in operations on the gastrointestinal tract, since their insufficient blood supply leads to formidable complications in the form of necrosis of the intestinal wall, failure of the anastomotic sutures and peritonitis. Visual methods for determining viability by peristalsis, pulsation of marginal vessels, color of the serous cover are very subjective and depend both on the experience of the surgeon and on the conditions in which operations are performed. The development of colorectal surgery is continuously associated with the study and development of methods for intraoperative determination of the viability of the anastomosed ends of the intestine. This review is devoted to various instrumental methods for determining the level of vascularization of the colon walls. The review presents data from both experimental and clinical studies, which reflect the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, allowing us to conclude that they can be used in practice. Among the most well-known methods for assessing the microcirculation of the intestinal wall during surgery, from experimental to applied, most authors single out laser Doppler fluorometry as the most modern and informative method. However, there is no consensus on its feasibility and effectiveness. Other methods for assessing microcirculation are inappropriate due to the complexity of their implementation or inefficiency. Despite this circumstance, among all the methods, perfusion fluorometry and laser fluorescein angiography compare favorably, especially the latter, since it allows to more accurately determine the state of the intestine and is rather undemanding in execution. A less accurate, but more accessible method is Doppler ultrasound, since it does not require large financial resources.
{"title":"Historical and modern intraoperative methods for determining the viability of the anastomosed ends of the colon","authors":"Foat Sh. Akhmetzyanov, Ramil R. Gaynanshin, Vasiliy I. Egorov, Natalya V. Fedotova","doi":"10.17816/kmj225848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj225848","url":null,"abstract":"Determination of the viability of the anastomosed ends of the intestine is the most important stage in operations on the gastrointestinal tract, since their insufficient blood supply leads to formidable complications in the form of necrosis of the intestinal wall, failure of the anastomotic sutures and peritonitis. Visual methods for determining viability by peristalsis, pulsation of marginal vessels, color of the serous cover are very subjective and depend both on the experience of the surgeon and on the conditions in which operations are performed. The development of colorectal surgery is continuously associated with the study and development of methods for intraoperative determination of the viability of the anastomosed ends of the intestine. This review is devoted to various instrumental methods for determining the level of vascularization of the colon walls. The review presents data from both experimental and clinical studies, which reflect the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, allowing us to conclude that they can be used in practice. Among the most well-known methods for assessing the microcirculation of the intestinal wall during surgery, from experimental to applied, most authors single out laser Doppler fluorometry as the most modern and informative method. However, there is no consensus on its feasibility and effectiveness. Other methods for assessing microcirculation are inappropriate due to the complexity of their implementation or inefficiency. Despite this circumstance, among all the methods, perfusion fluorometry and laser fluorescein angiography compare favorably, especially the latter, since it allows to more accurately determine the state of the intestine and is rather undemanding in execution. A less accurate, but more accessible method is Doppler ultrasound, since it does not require large financial resources.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135343009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuriy A. Vasilev, Ekaterina F. Savkina, Anton V. Vladzymyrskyy, Olga V. Omelyanskaya, Kirill M. Arzamasov
Background. In modern medicine, artificial intelligence algorithms are being actively introduced, for testing and training of which a large amount of labeled datasets is required. Software for labeling (annotation) of digital diagnostic images is a necessary element when creating datasets.
Aim. To review the capabilities and comparative analysis of the functionality of the most common available software for annotating digital diagnostic images.
Material and methods. Five free and one commercial software product for annotation of digital diagnostic images participated in the comparative analysis. When testing the marking process on medical images for several target types of pathology, the usability of the graphical user interface and functionality was evaluated. The functionality of the software products has been tested by radiologists with over 5 years of experience. In addition, a review of semi-automatic segmentation methods implemented in the studied software products was carried out. As initial medical images, datasets of computed tomography studies obtained from open sources, were used.
Results. Comparison of software functionality for annotation of digital diagnostic images was made: supported formats; loading, presenting and saving original images and annotation data; the possibility of visualization of medical images; annotation tools. The algorithms underlying semi-automatic segmentation methods were studied and systematized. The requirements for the basic functionality of software for labeling digital diagnostic images have been formulated. The results obtained create a systematic basis for developing recommendations for radiologists on the choice and use of digital diagnostic image marking tools.
Conclusion. The most complete functionality in the field of segmentation of digital diagnostic images among the considered free software has 3D Slicer; in the case of annotation for detection tasks, it is convenient to use the Supervisely, CVAT platforms; for automatic segmentation of some types of pathology and organs, 3D Slicer extensions and ready-made models in Medseg can be used.
{"title":"Overview of modern digital diagnostic image markup tools","authors":"Yuriy A. Vasilev, Ekaterina F. Savkina, Anton V. Vladzymyrskyy, Olga V. Omelyanskaya, Kirill M. Arzamasov","doi":"10.17816/kmj349060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj349060","url":null,"abstract":"Background. In modern medicine, artificial intelligence algorithms are being actively introduced, for testing and training of which a large amount of labeled datasets is required. Software for labeling (annotation) of digital diagnostic images is a necessary element when creating datasets.
 Aim. To review the capabilities and comparative analysis of the functionality of the most common available software for annotating digital diagnostic images.
 Material and methods. Five free and one commercial software product for annotation of digital diagnostic images participated in the comparative analysis. When testing the marking process on medical images for several target types of pathology, the usability of the graphical user interface and functionality was evaluated. The functionality of the software products has been tested by radiologists with over 5 years of experience. In addition, a review of semi-automatic segmentation methods implemented in the studied software products was carried out. As initial medical images, datasets of computed tomography studies obtained from open sources, were used.
 Results. Comparison of software functionality for annotation of digital diagnostic images was made: supported formats; loading, presenting and saving original images and annotation data; the possibility of visualization of medical images; annotation tools. The algorithms underlying semi-automatic segmentation methods were studied and systematized. The requirements for the basic functionality of software for labeling digital diagnostic images have been formulated. The results obtained create a systematic basis for developing recommendations for radiologists on the choice and use of digital diagnostic image marking tools.
 Conclusion. The most complete functionality in the field of segmentation of digital diagnostic images among the considered free software has 3D Slicer; in the case of annotation for detection tasks, it is convenient to use the Supervisely, CVAT platforms; for automatic segmentation of some types of pathology and organs, 3D Slicer extensions and ready-made models in Medseg can be used.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135427099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna V. Solodovnik, Irina D. Dubinets, Maria A. Lengina, Ekaterina O. Kiseleva, Semyon V. Klepikov
Background. The importance of finding additional treatments for chronic adenoiditis is determined by its high prevalence.
Aim. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation in combination with photochromotherapy in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children.
Material and methods. Three groups were formed by randomization by the envelope method. Patients of the control group (the first group, 32 children) were not exposed to physical methods. One study group (the second group, 27 children) received low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy on the lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal tonsil; another study group (third group, 25 children) low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation. The course of treatment was 7 days. Comparative evaluation of indicators was carried out before the start of therapy and on the 7th day. The dimensions of the pharyngeal tonsil were visualized, and the pathological discharge on the surface of the adenoid vegetations was assessed. For nominal data, absolute and relative frequency (%) were calculated, group comparison was performed using Pearson's 2 test.
Results. After treatment in the second group, there was a decrease in the amount of purulent discharge on the surface of the pharyngeal tonsil by 35%, mucous by 20% (p=0.000), the number of children with grade 3 adenoid hypertrophy decreased by 55% compared with the period before the use of physical methods impact (p=0.000). In the third group, the same data were obtained a decrease by 35 and 20%, respectively, in the amount of purulent and mucous discharge (p=0.000), the proportion of children with grade 3 adenoid hypertrophy decreased by 44% (p=0.000). Low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation increases the effectiveness of conservative treatment by 2.08 times (confidence interval 1.02; 4.22), and in combination with photochromotherapy 2.37 times (confidence interval 1.21; 4.67) compared with the control group.
Conclusion. Low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy is effective in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children.
{"title":"Non-drug methods of influencing the pharyngeal tonsil and their clinical effectiveness in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children","authors":"Anna V. Solodovnik, Irina D. Dubinets, Maria A. Lengina, Ekaterina O. Kiseleva, Semyon V. Klepikov","doi":"10.17816/kmj164599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj164599","url":null,"abstract":"Background. The importance of finding additional treatments for chronic adenoiditis is determined by its high prevalence.
 Aim. To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation in combination with photochromotherapy in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children.
 Material and methods. Three groups were formed by randomization by the envelope method. Patients of the control group (the first group, 32 children) were not exposed to physical methods. One study group (the second group, 27 children) received low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy on the lymphoid tissue of the pharyngeal tonsil; another study group (third group, 25 children) low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation. The course of treatment was 7 days. Comparative evaluation of indicators was carried out before the start of therapy and on the 7th day. The dimensions of the pharyngeal tonsil were visualized, and the pathological discharge on the surface of the adenoid vegetations was assessed. For nominal data, absolute and relative frequency (%) were calculated, group comparison was performed using Pearson's 2 test.
 Results. After treatment in the second group, there was a decrease in the amount of purulent discharge on the surface of the pharyngeal tonsil by 35%, mucous by 20% (p=0.000), the number of children with grade 3 adenoid hypertrophy decreased by 55% compared with the period before the use of physical methods impact (p=0.000). In the third group, the same data were obtained a decrease by 35 and 20%, respectively, in the amount of purulent and mucous discharge (p=0.000), the proportion of children with grade 3 adenoid hypertrophy decreased by 44% (p=0.000). Low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation increases the effectiveness of conservative treatment by 2.08 times (confidence interval 1.02; 4.22), and in combination with photochromotherapy 2.37 times (confidence interval 1.21; 4.67) compared with the control group.
 Conclusion. Low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation with photochromotherapy is effective in the complex therapy of chronic adenoiditis in children.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135425307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Azamat S. Rakhimkulov, Aidar A. Gafarov, Oleg R. Sultanov
The article describes the medical, scientific, organizational, as well as political activities of the outstanding doctor of the Tatar and Bashkir ASSR Mstislav Aleksandrovich (Mukhametkhan Sakhipgareevich) Kulaev. His name went down in history because of the signing of the Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria on March 20, 1919 in Moscow. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that February 7, 2023 marked the 150th anniversary of the birth of M.A. Kulaev, and in 2019 the Republic of Bashkortostan celebrated the 100th anniversary of its formation. The article publishes for the first time previously unknown facts concerning Essays on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the author of which is M.A. Kulaev, who collected material during his work with tuberculosis patients. In addition, the authors were able to personally meet with the heirs of the famous Kazan doctor and draw many new, unknown facts from the biography of this outstanding healthcare figure in the Tatar and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics.
本文描述了鞑靼和巴什基尔ASSR杰出医生Mstislav Aleksandrovich (Mukhametkhan Sakhipgareevich) Kulaev的医疗、科学、组织和政治活动。他的名字因1919年3月20日在莫斯科与巴什基尔政府签署了关于苏维埃自治巴什基尔的协议而载入史册。这项研究的相关性是由于2023年2月7日是ma . a . Kulaev诞辰150周年，2019年是巴什科尔托斯坦共和国成立100周年。这篇文章首次发表了以前不为人知的关于肺结核诊断的文章，作者是M.A. Kulaev，他在与肺结核病人一起工作期间收集了材料。此外，作者还亲自会见了这位著名的喀山医生的继承人，并从这位鞑靼和巴什基尔苏维埃社会主义自治共和国杰出的保健人物的传记中了解到许多新的、未知的事实。
{"title":"Doctor, educator, politician Mstislav Aleksandrovich Kulaev (on the 150th anniversary of his birth)","authors":"Azamat S. Rakhimkulov, Aidar A. Gafarov, Oleg R. Sultanov","doi":"10.17816/kmj321876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17816/kmj321876","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the medical, scientific, organizational, as well as political activities of the outstanding doctor of the Tatar and Bashkir ASSR Mstislav Aleksandrovich (Mukhametkhan Sakhipgareevich) Kulaev. His name went down in history because of the signing of the Agreement of the Central Soviet Power with the Bashkir Government on Soviet Autonomous Bashkiria on March 20, 1919 in Moscow. The relevance of this study is due to the fact that February 7, 2023 marked the 150th anniversary of the birth of M.A. Kulaev, and in 2019 the Republic of Bashkortostan celebrated the 100th anniversary of its formation. The article publishes for the first time previously unknown facts concerning Essays on the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis, the author of which is M.A. Kulaev, who collected material during his work with tuberculosis patients. In addition, the authors were able to personally meet with the heirs of the famous Kazan doctor and draw many new, unknown facts from the biography of this outstanding healthcare figure in the Tatar and Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics.","PeriodicalId":32248,"journal":{"name":"Kazanskij Medicinskij Zurnal","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135426748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This publication is the Russian translation of the Plain Language Summary (PLS) of the Cochrane Systematic Review: Williams G, Hahn D, Stephens JH, Craig JC, Hodson EM. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2023. Issue 4. Art. No.: CD001321. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub6.
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