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Evaluating the Emotional Impact of Environmental Artworks Using Q Methodology 用Q方法评估环境艺术作品的情感影响
Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.9-3-2
L. Brook
By engaging audience emotions, the creative arts can prompt people to consider societal issues in different ways and hence influence views and behaviours. While audience members bring their unique personal characteristics to the art experience, their emotional responses to art may be shared somewhat. To contribute to understanding audience emotional engagement, this empirical study investigates the emotional responses of viewers to an exhibition of environmental artworks. Q methodology is used with images to evaluate emotional responses to artworks, after the participants have experienced the exhibition. The 25 participants sorted 54 images from their strongest positive to strongest negative emotional responses to the artworks depicted, then described their emotional responses in a semi-structured interview. A wide range of emotions were reported by participants, including multiple and mixed positive and negative emotions to single artworks. Statistical analysis of participants’ Q sorts revealed five groups of participants who shared emotional responses to the artworks. Differences between the groups can be accounted for by the level of participants’ prior experience of contemporary art and by the different ways in which participants perceive negative emotions. Variance within the groups is explained by personal influences contributing to differences in participants’ emotional responses to the artworks.
通过吸引观众的情感,创意艺术可以促使人们以不同的方式考虑社会问题,从而影响观点和行为。虽然观众将他们独特的个人特征带入艺术体验,但他们对艺术的情感反应可能在某种程度上是共享的。为了帮助理解观众的情感投入,本实证研究调查了观众对环境艺术品展览的情感反应。Q方法是用图像来评估参与者在经历了展览之后对艺术品的情绪反应。25名参与者根据他们对所描绘的艺术品最强烈的积极情绪反应和最强烈的消极情绪反应对54幅图片进行了分类,然后在半结构化的采访中描述了他们的情绪反应。参与者报告了各种各样的情绪,包括对单个艺术品的多重和混合的积极和消极情绪。对参与者Q类型的统计分析显示,五组参与者对艺术品有相同的情绪反应。两组之间的差异可以通过参与者先前对当代艺术的经验水平和参与者感知负面情绪的不同方式来解释。小组内部的差异可以用个人影响来解释,个人影响导致参与者对艺术品的情绪反应不同。
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引用次数: 2
Current Insights into the Evolution of Cameroon English: The Contribution of the ‘Anglophone Problem’ 喀麦隆英语演变的现状:“英语国家问题”的贡献
Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.9-3-3
J. Nkwain
The resurgence of what is today referred to as the ‘Anglophone problem/crisis’ has led to several sociocultural, religious, political and linguistic developments which have in no little measure contributed to reshaping the linguistic landscape of Camerooon. Through the Ecolinguistic and Descriptive Statistical Approaches, this investigation delves into the linguistic fallouts and dynamics of the crisis and illustrates how through different linguistic processes like borrowing, neologisms, affixation, blending, clipping, translation and interpretation, etc., English in Cameroon is undergoing indigenisation. This paper demonstrates how the sensitive issue at stake has proffered a propitious breeding ground for the eventual enrichment of the lexical capital of the language. Thus, recurrent patterns in popular usage, viz: ambalander, aluta continua, total ghosting of towns, black cats/vipers/tigers of General Ivo, dipper wearing regime, Bui/Manyu county, royal beggars, Operation Whistle and Pepper Spray, inter alia, constitute new forms of expression as well as old forms that have been accorded novel semantic shades in order to express meaningful thought.
今天所谓的“英语问题/危机”的复苏导致了一些社会文化、宗教、政治和语言的发展,这些发展在很大程度上有助于重塑喀麦隆的语言格局。通过生态语言学和描述性统计方法,本调查深入探讨了危机的语言影响和动态,并说明了如何通过不同的语言过程,如借用,新词,词缀,混合,剪辑,翻译和口译等,喀麦隆的英语正在经历本土化。本文论证了这个敏感的问题如何为最终丰富语言的词汇资本提供了有利的温床。因此,在流行用法中反复出现的模式,即:ambalander, aluta continua,城镇的完全消失,Ivo将军的黑猫/毒蛇/老虎,戴水桶的政权,Bui/Manyu县,皇家乞丐,Operation Whistle和Pepper Spray,除其他外,构成了新的表达形式,以及被赋予新的语义阴影的旧形式,以表达有意义的思想。
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引用次数: 0
Research on Arts and Humanities: A Selected Survey and Works Presented at ATINER’s Annual Humanities and Arts Conferences 艺术与人文研究:ATINER人文与艺术年会上的调查与作品选集
Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.9-3-1
D. Wick, Aleksandra Tryniecka, Olga Gkounta
This paper presents a survey of twenty-six research presentations at the 9th Annual International Conference which took place in Athens, 3-4 January 2022. Participants were coming from thirteen different countries (Brazil, Canada, Cyprus, Hungary, India, Italy, Republic of Korea, Romania, Senegal, Serbia, South Africa, Spain, and USA). The aim of this survey is to summarize the main research findings. These presentations covered a wide range of themes in the field of Humanities and Arts. In addition, this survey provides an overview of all the previous annual conferences of Humanities and Arts which always take place in Athens every year in the first week of January.
本文对2022年1月3日至4日在雅典举行的第9届年度国际会议上的26项研究报告进行了调查。参加者来自十三个不同国家(巴西、加拿大、塞浦路斯、匈牙利、印度、意大利、大韩民国、罗马尼亚、塞内加尔、塞尔维亚、南非、西班牙和美国)。本次调查的目的是总结主要的研究成果。这些演讲涵盖了人文艺术领域的广泛主题。此外,该调查还提供了每年1月第一周在雅典举行的所有人文与艺术年度会议的概述。
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引用次数: 0
Some Remarks on the Five Criteria of Democracy 论民主的五项标准
Pub Date : 2022-02-16 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.9-3-4
P. Petratos
In a recent article published in this journal, Gregory T. Papanikos presented and discussed the five criteria of democracy. This paper further discusses these criteria by providing some additional ancient sources in light of the modern application of democracy in various countries. It is shown that these five criteria had a diachronic effect in ancient Athens as is demonstrated by a number of ancient writers. I use excerpts from some ancient works to show that this was the case.
在本刊最近发表的一篇文章中,Gregory T. Papanikos提出并讨论了民主的五个标准。本文通过提供一些额外的古代资料,结合民主在各国的现代应用,进一步讨论了这些标准。许多古代作家证明,这五个标准在古雅典具有历时性的影响。我用一些古代作品的节选来证明这一点。
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引用次数: 0
The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality 民主的五个古代标准:平等的典范
Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.9-2-1
G. Papanikos
Democracy in ancient Athens was different from what is implemented today even in the most advanced democracies. To evaluate this difference, this paper presents five criteria of democracy and then applies them to ancient Athens and modern advanced democracies. In comparison and according to five criteria, modern democracies are inferior to what the eligible citizens of Ancient Athens enjoyed. The ancient Greek literature on the subject has identified five criteria of democracy which neither today nor in ancient times were fully satisfied. The democracy today satisfies some but not all five criteria. This was also true for the ancient (Athenian) democracy. They differ in which criteria they satisfied. Of course, each criterion is fulfilled to a certain extent and this may differentiate modern from ancient democracy. These issues are discussed in this paper.
古雅典的民主与今天甚至是最先进的民主国家所实施的民主也不同。为了评估这种差异,本文提出了民主的五个标准,并将其应用于古代雅典和现代先进民主国家。相比之下,根据五个标准,现代民主国家不如古代雅典合格公民所享有的待遇。关于这个问题的古希腊文献已经确定了民主的五个标准,这些标准在今天和古代都没有得到充分满足。今天的民主制度满足了部分条件,但不是全部。古代(雅典)民主也是如此。它们所满足的标准不同。当然,每个标准都在一定程度上得到了满足,这可能是现代民主与古代民主的区别。本文对这些问题进行了探讨。
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引用次数: 4
Gorgo: Sparta’s Woman of Autonomy, Authority, and Agency 戈戈:斯巴达的自主、权威和代理之女
Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.9-2-3
Oliver R. Baker
Claims that Herodotus reveals himself as a proto-biographer, let alone as a proto-feminist, are not yet widely accepted. To advance these claims, I have selected one remarkable woman from one side of the Greco-Persian Wars whose activities are recounted in his Histories. Critically it is to a near contemporary, Heraclitus, to whom we attribute the maxim êthos anthropôi daimôn (ἦθος ἀνθρώπῳ δαίμων) —character is human destiny. It is the truth of this maxim—which implies effective human agency—that makes Herodotus’ creation of historical narrative even possible. Herodotus is often read for his vignettes, which, without advancing the narrative, color-in the character of the individuals he depicts in his Histories. No matter, if these fall short of the cradle to grave accounts given by Plutarch, by hop-scotching through the nine books, we can assemble a partially continuous narrative, and thus through their exploits, gauge their character, permitting us to attribute both credit and moral responsibility. Arguably this implied causation demonstrates that Herodotus’ writings include much that amounts to proto-biography and in several instances—one of which is given here—proto-feminism.
希罗多德揭示自己是一个原始的传记作家,更不用说原始的女权主义者,这种说法尚未被广泛接受。为了推进这些主张,我从希腊-波斯战争的一方选择了一位杰出的女性,她的活动在他的历史中得到了叙述。关键的是,它是一个几乎同时代的人,赫拉克利特,我们把这句格言êthos anthropôi daimôn ( θος ς νθρώπ ζ δα末路μων)归功于他——性格是人类的命运。正是这句格言的真理——它暗示了有效的人类能动性——使希罗多德创造的历史叙事成为可能。人们经常读希罗多德的小品,这些小品没有推进叙事,而是为他在《历史》中描绘的人物的性格增色。不管怎样,如果这些书没有普鲁塔克所描述的从摇篮到坟墓的故事,通过对这九本书的快速浏览,我们可以组成一个部分连续的叙述,从而通过他们的功绩,衡量他们的性格,使我们能够赋予他们荣誉和道德责任。可以说,这种隐含的因果关系表明,希罗多德的作品包含了很多相当于传记原型的东西,在几个例子中——这里给出了其中一个——女权主义原型。
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引用次数: 0
The Horrors of War in the History of German Literature: From Heinrich Wittenwiler and Hans Jacob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen to Rainer Maria Remarque 德国文学史上的战争恐怖:从海因里希·维滕维勒和汉斯·雅各布·克里斯托费尔·冯·格里梅尔豪森到雷纳·玛丽亚·雷马克
Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.9-2-2
A. Classen
As terrible as wars have always been, for the losers as well as for the winners, considering the massive killings, destruction, and general horror resulting from it all, poets throughout time have responded to this miserable situation by writing deeply moving novels, plays, poems, epic poems, and other works. The history of Germany, above all, has been filled with a long series of wars, but those have also been paralleled by major literary works describing those wars, criticizing them, and outlining the devastating consequences, here disregarding those narratives that deliberately idealized the military events. While wars take place on the ground and affect people, animals, objects, and nature at large, poets have always taken us to imaginary worlds where they could powerfully reflect on the causes and outcomes of the brutal operations. This paper takes into view some major German works from the early fifteenth through the early twentieth century in order to identify a fundamental discourse that makes war so valuable for history and culture, after all. Curiously, as we will recognize through a comparative analysis, some of the worst conditions in human history have produced some of the most aesthetically pleasing and most meaningful artistic or literary texts. So, as this paper will illustrate, the experience of war, justified or not, has been a cornerstone of medieval, early modern, and modern literature. However, it is far from me to suggest that we would need wars for great literature to emerge. On the contrary, great literature serves as the public conscience fighting against wars and the massive violence resulting from it.
考虑到战争造成的大规模杀戮、破坏和普遍的恐怖,无论对胜利者还是失败者来说,战争一直都是可怕的。自古以来,诗人都通过写感人的小说、戏剧、诗歌、史诗和其他作品来回应这种悲惨的局面。最重要的是,德国的历史充满了一系列的战争,但同时也有一些主要的文学作品描述这些战争,批评它们,概述其毁灭性的后果,在这里忽略了那些故意理想化军事事件的叙述。虽然战争发生在地面上,影响着人、动物、物体和整个自然,但诗人总是把我们带入想象的世界,在那里他们可以有力地反思残酷行动的原因和结果。本文回顾了15世纪早期到20世纪早期的一些主要德国著作,以确定战争对历史和文化如此有价值的基本话语。奇怪的是,正如我们将通过比较分析认识到的那样,人类历史上一些最恶劣的条件产生了一些最具美感和最有意义的艺术或文学作品。因此,正如本文将要说明的,战争的经历,无论是否正当,都是中世纪、早期现代和现代文学的基石。然而,我并不是说我们需要战争才能产生伟大的文学。相反,伟大的文学是反对战争和由此产生的大规模暴力的公众良心。
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引用次数: 0
Approaching Social Setting when Analyzing Language Change in the Early Republic 分析民国初期语言变迁的社会背景
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.8-4-2
Virginia Meirelles
Any study that concentrates on language change should assess factors such as historical context and social structure. However, approaching the phonetic and phonological changes that took place during the Early American Republic (1776–1861) is a complex task since it was a period of considerable social, political and economic reorganization Additionally, although many biographies and studies on selected issues have been written, the scholarship about the period remains unconnected and fragmented. As such, this article exposes the theoretical and methodological preparation for a research on sound change during the Early American Republic by discussing how to undertake data collection and how to approach data analysis.
任何关注语言变化的研究都应该评估历史背景和社会结构等因素。然而,接近美国共和国早期(1776-1861)发生的语音和语音变化是一项复杂的任务,因为这是一个相当大的社会,政治和经济重组时期。此外,尽管已经写了许多关于选定问题的传记和研究,但关于这一时期的学术研究仍然没有联系和碎片化。因此,本文通过讨论如何进行数据收集和如何进行数据分析,为研究美国共和国早期的声音变化提供了理论和方法准备。
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引用次数: 0
The Photo-Text in the Mussolini Era 墨索里尼时代的文字照片
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.8-4-4
Carla Rossetti
In the 1930s, Fascism’s Mythopoeia found in propaganda photobooks a comfortable space in which to configure itself. The layout of the photobooks draws on the experiments carried out by the editors of “Campo Grafico” [1933 - 1939] and by eclectic personalities like Guido Modiano; with reference to photography, on the other hand, from the modernist style developed by the amateurs of photographic circles reworking the experience gained by the European avant-gardes since the previous decade. All these innovations led to a rethinking of the usual relationship between image and text, gaining a new and a much more dynamic interaction between visual and textual. Through the analysis of some of the most important photobooks of the Fascist Era, the following article aims to show some aspects of the verbal and visual rhetoric which the Fascist regime used to generate an articulated model of the world in which to believe, even if its appearance differed radically from what one saw with one's own eyes or experienced on one's own skin every day. In propaganda photo books, the facts are emphasized, even judged, in order to construct a specious argument that leaves no room for doubt.
在20世纪30年代,法西斯主义的神话在宣传照片集中找到了一个舒适的空间来配置自己。照相册的布局借鉴了“Campo Grafico”(1933年至1939年)的编辑们进行的实验,以及像Guido Modiano这样的折衷主义者;另一方面,在摄影方面,来自摄影圈的业余爱好者对过去十年来欧洲先锋派所获得的经验进行改造而形成的现代主义风格。所有这些创新都导致了对图像和文本之间通常关系的重新思考,在视觉和文本之间获得了一种新的、更动态的互动。通过对法西斯时代一些最重要的照相集的分析,下面的文章旨在展示法西斯政权用来产生一个清晰的世界模型的语言和视觉修辞的某些方面,即使它的外观与人们亲眼所见或每天在自己皮肤上所经历的完全不同。在宣传照片集中,事实被强调,甚至被评判,目的是构建一个似是而非的论点,不留任何怀疑的余地。
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引用次数: 0
An Idea of Higher Education Renewal 高等教育更新的理念
Pub Date : 2021-09-09 DOI: 10.30958/ajha.8-4-1
Marija Liudvika Drazdauskiene
Beginning with the briefest reference to the state of higher education today, this paper overviews moral and philosophical concepts of and disposition to education in ancient Greece from the works of Plato and Aristotle, takes a summary view of the subjects taught, sums up the subject content of liberal arts and the principles of rhetoric. The author assumes that even if a dedicated return to the classical ideals may never happen in higher education today, a few concrete ideas might be helpful. With reference to concrete works of classical authors, a suggestion is made to stop never-ending reforms in universities, to recover the teaching of such subjects as style in language and literature programmes, to renew the subjects of history, philosophy and logic and to introduce memory-based learning while paying tribute to classical antiquity and regaining local traditions.
本文首先简要介绍了当今高等教育的状况,从柏拉图和亚里士多德的著作中概述了古希腊教育的道德和哲学概念及其倾向,总结了所教授的科目,总结了文科的主题内容和修辞学原则。作者认为,即使今天的高等教育可能永远不会回归古典理想,一些具体的想法可能会有所帮助。针对古典作家的具体作品,建议停止大学无休止的改革,恢复语言和文学课程中风格等学科的教学,更新历史、哲学和逻辑学科,在向古典致敬和恢复地方传统的同时引入基于记忆的学习。
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引用次数: 0
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ATHENS JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & ARTS
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