High-precision particle tracking devices allow for a two-dimensional analysis of the material budget distribution of, e.g., particle detectors and their periphery. These tracking devices, called beam telescopes, enable a precise measurement of the trajectory of charged particles with a position resolution of a few micrometer and an angular resolution of the order of a few ten microradian. In this contribution, the material budget of a structured aluminium cube is reconstructed from various estimators based on the deflection angles of simulated electron trajectories. Probing a target under various rotation angles enables a tomographic reconstruction of the target. We discuss the performance of width estimators of the scattering angle distributions and their impact on the contrast and the resolution of the reconstructed two- and three-dimensional images. At a voxel size of 0.1 mm $times$ 0.1 mm $times$ 0.1 mm, we reconstruct the material budget with a contrast to noise ratio of $5.6pm0.2$ and an edge resolution of about $(70pm10)$ micrometre.
高精度粒子跟踪设备允许二维分析的材料预算分布，例如，粒子探测器及其外围。这些跟踪装置被称为光束望远镜，能够精确测量带电粒子的轨迹，其位置分辨率为几微米，角度分辨率为几十微度。在这篇贡献中，基于模拟电子轨迹的偏转角度，从各种估计量重建了结构铝立方体的材料预算。在不同的旋转角度下探测目标可以实现目标的层析重建。讨论了散射角分布宽度估计器的性能及其对重建的二维和三维图像的对比度和分辨率的影响。在体素尺寸为0.1 mm × 0.1 mm × 0.1 mm的情况下，我们重建了材料预算，对比度为5.6pm0.2$，边缘分辨率约为$(70pm10)$微米。
{"title":"Simulation of material budget measurements with beam telescopes","authors":"H. Jansen, P. Schuetze","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0049","url":null,"abstract":"High-precision particle tracking devices allow for a two-dimensional analysis of the material budget distribution of, e.g., particle detectors and their periphery. These tracking devices, called beam telescopes, enable a precise measurement of the trajectory of charged particles with a position resolution of a few micrometer and an angular resolution of the order of a few ten microradian. In this contribution, the material budget of a structured aluminium cube is reconstructed from various estimators based on the deflection angles of simulated electron trajectories. Probing a target under various rotation angles enables a tomographic reconstruction of the target. \u0000We discuss the performance of width estimators of the scattering angle distributions and their impact on the contrast and the resolution of the reconstructed two- and three-dimensional images. At a voxel size of 0.1 mm $times$ 0.1 mm $times$ 0.1 mm, we reconstruct the material budget with a contrast to noise ratio of $5.6pm0.2$ and an edge resolution of about $(70pm10)$ micrometre.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125858142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Silicon Pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS detector. As the detector in closest proximity to the interaction point, these detectors will be exposed to a significant amount of radiation over their lifetime: before the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the innermost layers will receive a fluence in excess of $10^{15}$ n$_mathrm{eq}$/cm$^2$ and the HL-LHC detector upgrades must cope with an order of magnitude higher fluence integrated over their lifetimes. This work presents the details of a new simulation model that includes radiation damage effects to the 3D Pixel sensors for the ATLAS detector.
硅像素探测器是ATLAS探测器当前和计划升级的核心。探测器的最接近的交互点,这些探测器将暴露在大量的辐射在他们的一生中:高亮度阶段前的大型强子对撞机(HL-LHC)最里层将收到影响超过10美元^ {15}$ n $ _ mathrm {eq} /厘米^ 2美元和美元HL-LHC探测器升级必须应对高一个数量级的影响整合的一生。这项工作提出了一个新的模拟模型的细节，其中包括辐射损伤对ATLAS探测器的3D像素传感器的影响。
{"title":"Modeling Radiation Damage Effects in 3D Pixel Digitization for the ATLAS Detector","authors":"V. Wallangen","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0050","url":null,"abstract":"Silicon Pixel detectors are at the core of the current and planned upgrade of the ATLAS detector. As the detector in closest proximity to the interaction point, these detectors will be exposed to a significant amount of radiation over their lifetime: before the High Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the innermost layers will receive a fluence in excess of $10^{15}$ n$_mathrm{eq}$/cm$^2$ and the HL-LHC detector upgrades must cope with an order of magnitude higher fluence integrated over their lifetimes. This work presents the details of a new simulation model that includes radiation damage effects to the 3D Pixel sensors for the ATLAS detector.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123717660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to collide protons at a centre-of-mass energy of $14,{rm TeV}$ and to reach an unprecedented peak instantaneous luminosity of $5 times 10^{34},{rm cm}^{-2} {rm s}^{-1}$ with an average number of pileup events of $140$. This will allow the ATLAS and CMS experiments to collect integrated luminosities of up to $3000,{rm fb}^{-1}$ during the project lifetime. To cope with this extreme scenario the CMS detector will be substantially upgraded before starting the HL-LHC, a plan known as CMS Phase-2 Upgrade. In the upgrade the entire CMS silicon pixel detector will be replaced and the new detector will feature increased radiation hardness, higher granularity and capability to handle higher data rate and longer trigger latency. In this report the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS silicon pixel detector will be reviewed, focusing on the features of the detector layout and on the development of new pixel devices.
{"title":"The CMS Pixel Detector Upgrade and R&D developments for the High Luminosity LHC","authors":"L. Viliani","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0001","url":null,"abstract":"The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN is expected to collide protons at a centre-of-mass energy of $14,{rm TeV}$ and to reach an unprecedented peak instantaneous luminosity of $5 times 10^{34},{rm cm}^{-2} {rm s}^{-1}$ with an average number of pileup events of $140$. This will allow the ATLAS and CMS experiments to collect integrated luminosities of up to $3000,{rm fb}^{-1}$ during the project lifetime. To cope with this extreme scenario the CMS detector will be substantially upgraded before starting the HL-LHC, a plan known as CMS Phase-2 Upgrade. In the upgrade the entire CMS silicon pixel detector will be replaced and the new detector will feature increased radiation hardness, higher granularity and capability to handle higher data rate and longer trigger latency. In this report the Phase-2 Upgrade of the CMS silicon pixel detector will be reviewed, focusing on the features of the detector layout and on the development of new pixel devices.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130967792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The STAR PiXeL detector (HFT PXL) at RHIC is the first application of the thin Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) technology in a collider environment. It is based on 50~$mu$m-thin MAPS sensors with a pitch of 20.7~$mu$m. The sensor is read-out in rolling shutter mode in 185.6~$mu$s. The 170 mW/cm$^2$ power dissipation allows for air cooling and contributes to reducing the global material budget to 0.4% radiation length on the innermost layer. This system took data in Au+Au collisions, p+p and p+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$~=~200~GeV at RHIC, during the period 2014-2016. Operational experience and lessons learned from the construction and the 3 years of data-taking will be presented in this paper. Detector performance and results from 2014 Au+Au data analysis, demonstrating the STAR capabilities of charm reconstruction, will be shown. Following this successful experience, the next-generation MAPS sensor, featuring an integration time shorter than 20~$mu$s, will be used to upgrade the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) at LHC and has been proposed for the vertex detector (MVTX) for sPHENIX, the future nuclear physics experiment for the study of the QGP planned for RHIC. A short outlook on these future applications will conclude the paper.
{"title":"MAPS-based Vertex Detectors: Operational Experience in STAR and Future Applications","authors":"G. Contin","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0019","url":null,"abstract":"The STAR PiXeL detector (HFT PXL) at RHIC is the first application of the thin Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) technology in a collider environment. It is based on 50~$mu$m-thin MAPS sensors with a pitch of 20.7~$mu$m. The sensor is read-out in rolling shutter mode in 185.6~$mu$s. The 170 mW/cm$^2$ power dissipation allows for air cooling and contributes to reducing the global material budget to 0.4% radiation length on the innermost layer. This system took data in Au+Au collisions, p+p and p+Au collisions at $sqrt{s_{NN}}$~=~200~GeV at RHIC, during the period 2014-2016. Operational experience and lessons learned from the construction and the 3 years of data-taking will be presented in this paper. Detector performance and results from 2014 Au+Au data analysis, demonstrating the STAR capabilities of charm reconstruction, will be shown. Following this successful experience, the next-generation MAPS sensor, featuring an integration time shorter than 20~$mu$s, will be used to upgrade the ALICE Inner Tracking System (ITS) at LHC and has been proposed for the vertex detector (MVTX) for sPHENIX, the future nuclear physics experiment for the study of the QGP planned for RHIC. A short outlook on these future applications will conclude the paper.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126204328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker with its more than 15000 silicon modules and 200 m$^2$ of active silicon area has been running together with the other subsystems of CMS for several years. We present the performance of the detector in the LHC Run 2 data taking. Results for signal-to-noise, hit efficiency and single hit resolution will be presented. We review the behavior of the system when running at beyond-design instantaneous luminosity and describe challenges observed under these conditions. The evolution of detector parameters under the influence of radiation damage are presented and compared to simulations.
CMS硅条跟踪器拥有超过15000个硅模块和2亿美元的有效硅面积，已经与CMS的其他子系统一起运行了好几年。介绍了该探测器在LHC Run 2数据采集中的性能。将给出信噪比、命中效率和单命中分辨率的结果。我们回顾了系统在超出设计的瞬时亮度下运行时的行为，并描述了在这些条件下观察到的挑战。给出了探测器参数在辐射损伤影响下的演化规律，并与仿真结果进行了比较。
{"title":"Operation and Performance of the CMS outer tracker","authors":"E. Butz","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0013","url":null,"abstract":"The CMS Silicon Strip Tracker with its more than 15000 silicon modules and 200 m$^2$ of active silicon area has been running together with the other subsystems of CMS for several years. We present the performance of the detector in the LHC Run 2 data taking. Results for signal-to-noise, hit efficiency and single hit resolution will be presented. We review the behavior of the system when running at beyond-design instantaneous luminosity and describe challenges observed under these conditions. The evolution of detector parameters under the influence of radiation damage are presented and compared to simulations.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129304068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A 100 TeV proton collider represents a core aspect of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study. An integral part of this project is the conceptual design of individual detector systems that can be operated under luminosities up to $3times10^{35} mathrm{cm}^{-2} mathrm{s}^{-1}$. Compared to HL-LHC scenario, one of the key limitations in the design arises from an increased number of pile-up events O(1000), c.f. O(140) at HL-LHC, making both particle tracking and identification of vertices extremely challenging. This paper reviews the general ideas that conceptually drive the current tracker/vertex detector design for the FCC-hh (proton-proton). These include material budget, detector granularity, pattern recognition, primary vertexing/pile-up mitigation and occupancy/data rates. Finally, the limits of current tracker technologies and requirements on their future progress, i.e. the dedicated R&D, are discussed.
{"title":"Status & Challenges of Tracker Design for FCC-hh","authors":"Z. Drasal","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0030","url":null,"abstract":"A 100 TeV proton collider represents a core aspect of the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study. An integral part of this project is the conceptual design of individual detector systems that can be operated under luminosities up to $3times10^{35} mathrm{cm}^{-2} mathrm{s}^{-1}$. Compared to HL-LHC scenario, one of the key limitations in the design arises from an increased number of pile-up events O(1000), c.f. O(140) at HL-LHC, making both particle tracking and identification of vertices extremely challenging. This paper reviews the general ideas that conceptually drive the current tracker/vertex detector design for the FCC-hh (proton-proton). These include material budget, detector granularity, pattern recognition, primary vertexing/pile-up mitigation and occupancy/data rates. Finally, the limits of current tracker technologies and requirements on their future progress, i.e. the dedicated R&D, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116779524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Augustin, N. Berger, S. Dittmeier, F. Ehrler, J. Hammerich, A. Herkert, L. Huth, D. Immig, J. Kröger, I. Perić, M. Prathapan, R. Schimassek, A. Schöning, A. Weber, D. Wiedner, H. Zhang
The architecture of the first large area $2times 1, text{cm}^2$ MuPix8 prototype, produced in an AMS $180, text{nm}$ HV-CMOS process, is presented. The MuPix8 chip is a High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (HV-MAPS) being developed for the Mu3e experiment which will search for the lepton flavour violating decay $mu^{+} rightarrow e^{+}e^{-}e^{+}$ with an unprecedented sensitivity of one in $10^{16}$ decays. To reach this sensitivity goal an ultralight-pixel tracker with $10^{-3}$ radiation lenghts per tracking layer and high rate capability is being built. The Mu3e pixel tracker will be based on MuPix chips with a thickness of $50, text{textmu m}$ and a pixel size of $80times80,mutext{m}^2$. The hits are readout by on-chip state machines and the data are streamed out via four $1.25, text{Gbit/s}$ data links. The MuPix8 is the first prototype which fulfills all above requirements and features the full column length of the final chip. In addition, it implements circuitry providing pulse height information, thus allowing for timewalk suppression aiming at a time resolution of $10, text{ns}$ or better.
{"title":"MuPix8 - A large-area HV-MAPS chip","authors":"H. Augustin, N. Berger, S. Dittmeier, F. Ehrler, J. Hammerich, A. Herkert, L. Huth, D. Immig, J. Kröger, I. Perić, M. Prathapan, R. Schimassek, A. Schöning, A. Weber, D. Wiedner, H. Zhang","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0057","url":null,"abstract":"The architecture of the first large area $2times 1, text{cm}^2$ MuPix8 prototype, produced in an AMS $180, text{nm}$ HV-CMOS process, is presented. \u0000The MuPix8 chip is a High Voltage Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor (HV-MAPS) being developed for the Mu3e experiment \u0000which will search for the lepton flavour violating decay $mu^{+} rightarrow e^{+}e^{-}e^{+}$ with an unprecedented sensitivity of one in $10^{16}$ decays. To reach this sensitivity goal an ultralight-pixel tracker with $10^{-3}$ radiation lenghts per tracking layer and high rate capability is being built. The Mu3e pixel tracker will be based on MuPix chips with a thickness of $50, text{textmu m}$ and a pixel size of $80times80,mutext{m}^2$. The hits are readout by on-chip state machines and the data are streamed out via four $1.25, text{Gbit/s}$ data links. \u0000The MuPix8 is the first prototype which fulfills all above requirements and features the full column length of the final chip. In addition, it implements circuitry providing pulse height information, thus allowing for timewalk suppression aiming at a time resolution of $10, text{ns}$ or better.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126974601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The upcoming Phase II upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the High Luminosity LHC requires the characterisation of new pixel sensors intended to be installed within the ATLAS experiment's inner tracker by 2024. The Edge Transient Current Technique is used to probe prototype TowerJazz Investigator I test structures to study their radiation hardness performance including depletion levels and charge sharing.
{"title":"Edge-TCT Characterisation on TowerJazz CMOS Sensor for the ITK Phase II Upgrade","authors":"Abhishek Sharma, C. S. Sánchez, D. Bortoletto","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0055","url":null,"abstract":"The upcoming Phase II upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) for the High Luminosity LHC requires the characterisation of new pixel sensors intended to be installed within the ATLAS experiment's inner tracker by 2024. The Edge Transient Current Technique is used to probe prototype TowerJazz Investigator I test structures to study their radiation hardness performance including depletion levels and charge sharing.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116124061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The era of High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will pose unprecedented challenges for detector design and operation. The planned luminosity of the upgraded machine is $5$x$10^{34} $ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, reaching an integrated luminosity of more than 3000 fb$^{-1}$ by the end of 2037. CMS Tracker detector will have to be replaced in order to fully exploit the delivered luminosity and cope with the demanding operating conditions. The new detector will provide robust tracking as well as input for the first level trigger. This report is focusing on the replacement of the CMS Outer Tracker system, describing new layout and technological choices together with some highlights of research and development activities.
{"title":"The CMS Outer Tracker Upgrade for the High Luminosity LHC","authors":"J. Luetić","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0003","url":null,"abstract":"The era of High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider will pose unprecedented challenges for detector design and operation. The planned luminosity of the upgraded machine is $5$x$10^{34} $ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, reaching an integrated luminosity of more than 3000 fb$^{-1}$ by the end of 2037. CMS Tracker detector will have to be replaced in order to fully exploit the delivered luminosity and cope with the demanding operating conditions. The new detector will provide robust tracking as well as input for the first level trigger. This report is focusing on the replacement of the CMS Outer Tracker system, describing new layout and technological choices together with some highlights of research and development activities.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131659352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A three dimensional integrated circuit is composed of multiple tiers of integrated electronics and sensors integrated vertically by wafer bonding, thinning and insertion of through-silicon-vias. The technologies associated with three dimensional integrated circuits can provide new capabilities for high energy physics and x-ray imaging experiments. These include finer pixel pitch, lower interconnect capacitance, the ability to separate analog and digital functions, and better power distribution and connectivity. In this paper we review the status of 3DIC demonstration projects at Fermilab, discuss several possible applications, and summarize the current availability of commercial processes. Results of a three-tier demonstration project that includes designs for x-ray imaging, CMS track triggering, and ILC vertex are described. We discuss the status of several ongoing 3D projects and prospects for future evolution of the technology.
{"title":"3D Integration of Sensors and Electronics","authors":"R. Lipton","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0025","url":null,"abstract":"A three dimensional integrated circuit is composed of multiple tiers of integrated electronics and sensors integrated vertically by wafer bonding, thinning and insertion of through-silicon-vias. The technologies associated with three dimensional integrated circuits can provide new capabilities for high energy physics and x-ray imaging experiments. These include finer pixel pitch, lower interconnect capacitance, the ability to separate analog and digital functions, and better power distribution and connectivity. In this paper we review the status of 3DIC demonstration projects at Fermilab, discuss several possible applications, and summarize the current availability of commercial processes. Results of a three-tier demonstration project that includes designs for x-ray imaging, CMS track triggering, and ILC vertex are \u0000described. We discuss the status of several ongoing 3D projects and prospects for future evolution of the technology.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132139125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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