To cope with increased radiation levels expected at the HL-LHC new approaches are being investigated using monolithic CMOS pixel detectors where readout electronics and depleted charge collection layer are combined. Those devices rely on radiation hard process technology, multiple nested wells, high resistivity substrates and ability to apply high voltage bias to achieve significant depletion depths. They can be thinned and backside processed for biasing. Since 2014, members of more than 20 groups in ATLAS are collaborating in CMOS pixel R&D in an ATLAS Demonstrator program pursuing sensor design and characterization with the goal to demonstrate that depleted CMOS pixels are suited for high rate, fast timing and high radiation operation at LHC. Many CMOS technology vendors have been approached in this effort. This presentation introduces challenges for the usage of CMOS pixel detectors at HL-LHC and gives a summary of different concepts and the current state of designs of depleted CMOS prototypes.
{"title":"Overview and perspectives of depleted CMOS sensors for high radiation environments","authors":"T. Hemperek","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0034","url":null,"abstract":"To cope with increased radiation levels expected at the HL-LHC new approaches are being investigated using monolithic CMOS pixel detectors where readout electronics and depleted charge collection layer are combined. Those devices rely on radiation hard process technology, multiple nested wells, high resistivity substrates and ability to apply high voltage bias to achieve significant depletion depths. They can be thinned and backside processed for biasing. Since 2014, members of more than 20 groups in ATLAS are collaborating in CMOS pixel R&D in an ATLAS Demonstrator program pursuing sensor design and characterization with the goal to demonstrate that depleted CMOS pixels are suited for high rate, fast timing and high radiation operation at LHC. Many CMOS technology vendors have been approached in this effort. This presentation introduces challenges for the usage of CMOS pixel detectors at HL-LHC and gives a summary of different concepts and the current state of designs of depleted CMOS prototypes.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121059842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The LHCb tracking system includes silicon strip detectors, which are used for the Vertex Locator (VELO) and the Silicon Tracker (ST). These contribute to precise reconstruction of primary and secondary vertices and momentum information for charged particles. Since the beginning of Run I the LHCb experiment has collected more than 7~fb$^{–1}$ of integrated luminosity. The increasing exposure to radiation requires continuous monitoring and modifications to running conditions to maintain a good physics performance. The silicon strip detectors of the LHCb tracking system will be presented with the results of Current-Voltage (IV) and Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE) scan, performed during Run II.
{"title":"The LHCb VErtex LOcator and Silicon Tracker Operation Performance Run II","authors":"E. Buchanan, LHCb Velo, S. Collaborations","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0016","url":null,"abstract":"The LHCb tracking system includes silicon strip detectors, which are used for the Vertex Locator (VELO) and the Silicon Tracker (ST). These contribute to precise reconstruction of primary and secondary vertices and momentum information for charged particles. Since the beginning of Run I the LHCb experiment has collected more than 7~fb$^{–1}$ of integrated luminosity. The increasing exposure to radiation requires continuous monitoring and modifications to running conditions to maintain a good physics performance. The silicon strip detectors of the LHCb tracking system will be presented with the results of Current-Voltage (IV) and Charge Collection Efficiency (CCE) scan, performed during Run II.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131732608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The projected proton beam intensity of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), slated to begin operation in 2026, will result in between 140 and 200 concurrent proton-proton interactions per 25 ns bunch crossing. The scientific program of the HL-LHC, which includes precision Higgs coupling measurements, measurements of vector boson scattering, and searches for new heavy or exotic particles, will benefit greatly from the enormous HL-LHC dataset. However, particle reconstruction and correct assignment to primary interaction vertices presents a formidable challenge to the LHC detectors that must be overcome in order to reap that benefit. Time tagging of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) produced in LHC collisions with a resolution of 30 ps provides further discrimination of interaction vertices in the same 25 ns bunch crossing beyond spatial tracking algorithms. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration is pursuing two technologies to provide MIP time tagging for the HL-LHC detector upgrade: LYSO:Ce crystals read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for low radiation areas and silicon low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) for high radiation areas. This talk will motivate the need for a dedicated timing layer in the CMS upgrade, describe the two technologies and their performance, and present simulations showing the improvements in reconstructed observables afforded by four dimensional tracking.
{"title":"Precision timing for the High Luminosity Upgrade of CMS","authors":"R. Yohay","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0028","url":null,"abstract":"The projected proton beam intensity of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC), slated to begin operation in 2026, will result in between 140 and 200 concurrent proton-proton interactions per 25 ns bunch crossing. The scientific program of the HL-LHC, which includes precision Higgs coupling measurements, measurements of vector boson scattering, and searches for new heavy or exotic particles, will benefit greatly from the enormous HL-LHC dataset. However, particle reconstruction and correct assignment to primary interaction vertices presents a formidable challenge to the LHC detectors that must be overcome in order to reap that benefit. Time tagging of minimum ionizing particles (MIPs) produced in LHC collisions with a resolution of 30 ps provides further discrimination of interaction vertices in the same 25 ns bunch crossing beyond spatial tracking algorithms. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration is pursuing two technologies to provide MIP time tagging for the HL-LHC detector upgrade: LYSO:Ce crystals read out by silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) for low radiation areas and silicon low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) for high radiation areas. This talk will motivate the need for a dedicated timing layer in the CMS upgrade, describe the two technologies and their performance, and present simulations showing the improvements in reconstructed observables afforded by four dimensional tracking.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"158 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127375190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The phase 1 upgrade of the CMS pixel detector has been designed to maintain the tracking performance at instantaneous luminosities of $2 times 10^{34} mathrm{~cm}^{-2} mathrm{~s}^{-1}$. Both barrel and endcap disk systems now feature one extra layer (4 barrel layers and 3 endcap disks), and a digital readout that provides a large enough bandwidth to read out its 124M pixel channels (87.7 percent more pixels compared to the previous system). The backend control and readout systems have been upgraded accordingly from VME-based to micro-TCA-based ones. The detector is now also equipped with a bi-phase CO$_2$ cooling system that reduces the material budget in the tracking region. The detector has been installed inside CMS at the start of 2017 and is now taking data. These proceedings discuss experiences in the commissioning and operation of the CMS phase 1 pixel detector. The first results from the CMS phase 1 pixel detector with this year's LHC proton-proton collision data are presented. The new pixel detector outperforms the previous one in terms of hit resolution, tracking, and vertex resolution.
{"title":"Commissioning and first results from the CMS phase-1 upgrade pixel detector","authors":"J. Sonneveld","doi":"10.22323/1.309.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.309.0018","url":null,"abstract":"The phase 1 upgrade of the CMS pixel detector has been designed to maintain the tracking performance at instantaneous luminosities of $2 times 10^{34} mathrm{~cm}^{-2} mathrm{~s}^{-1}$. Both barrel and endcap disk systems now feature one extra layer (4 barrel layers and 3 endcap disks), and a digital readout that provides a large enough bandwidth to read out its 124M pixel channels (87.7 percent more pixels compared to the previous system). The backend control and readout systems have been upgraded accordingly from VME-based to micro-TCA-based ones. The detector is now also equipped with a bi-phase CO$_2$ cooling system that reduces the material budget in the tracking region. The detector has been installed inside CMS at the start of 2017 and is now taking data. These proceedings discuss experiences in the commissioning and operation of the CMS phase 1 pixel detector. The first results from the CMS phase 1 pixel detector with this year's LHC proton-proton collision data are presented. The new pixel detector outperforms the previous one in terms of hit resolution, tracking, and vertex resolution.","PeriodicalId":325789,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of The 26th International Workshop on Vertex Detectors — PoS(Vertex 2017)","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124269649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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