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2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica最新文献

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Energy System Modeling Tools: Review and Comparison in the Context of Developing Countries 能源系统建模工具:发展中国家背景下的回顾与比较
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219798
Dawit Gebremeskel, Getachew Bekele, E. Ahlgren
Given the fact that there are a wide variety of models that are available for analysing energy systems, it is important to develop a comparative overview of the models in terms of several criteria, particularly their applicability to developing countries where unique features such as traditional energy consumption, informal economy, urban-rural divide, low electrification, poor performance of the power sector, supply shortage, data and skill needs, etc. should be considered. This paper presents a review and comparison of the most commonly used modeling tools for analysing energy and electricity system. It reviews the available literature and follows a systematic approach of classifying the alternative models that can serve as a guidance to select the most appropriate analytical tool, mainly when dealing with energy modeling and analysis for developing countries.
鉴于可用于分析能源系统的模型多种多样,重要的是根据若干标准对这些模型进行比较概述,特别是它们对发展中国家的适用性,因为发展中国家的独特特点,如传统能源消费、非正规经济、城乡差别、电气化程度低、电力部门表现不佳、供应短缺、数据和技能需求等都应加以考虑。本文对能源和电力系统分析中最常用的建模工具进行了综述和比较。它审查了现有的文献,并采用了一种系统的方法对备选模型进行分类,这些模型可以作为选择最适当的分析工具的指导,主要是在处理发展中国家的能源建模和分析时。
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引用次数: 1
The Basics of Transmission Line Protection 传输线保护的基础知识
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219983
Nathan O. Mogaru
Transmission line protection schemes have evolved over the years. Direct connection of instrument transformer secondary wires to protection relays was mostly applicable to short transmission lines. In medium to long haul transmission lines this scheme was not feasible due to line signal attenuation caused by increased line impedance among other factors. Technological advances have provided unique solutions that have been deployed in a variety of transmission lines from short to long haul lines. This paper discusses how the use of microprocessor based protection relays and modern digital communication technologies have simplified transmission line protection. The paper also discusses line current differential and distance relaying schemes as applied to transmission line protection. Communication assisted tripping schemes will also be discussed and how they apply to distance relaying schemes.
输电线路保护方案多年来不断发展。仪表变压器二次线直接接保护继电器多适用于短线输电线路。在中长途输电线路中,由于线路阻抗增大等因素导致线路信号衰减,该方案不可行。技术进步提供了独特的解决方案,这些解决方案已部署在从短途到长途线路的各种输电线路中。本文讨论了基于微处理器的保护继电器和现代数字通信技术如何简化传输线的保护。文中还讨论了线路电流差动和距离继电保护在输电线路保护中的应用。还将讨论通信辅助跳闸方案以及它们如何应用于距离中继方案。
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引用次数: 1
Experimental Investigation of Incremental Conductance-based MPPT for PV Arrays 基于增量电导的光伏阵列MPPT实验研究
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219982
Nathan Chris Swanepoel, C. G. Richards, D. Okojie, P. Ehlers, A. Nnachi
Renewable energy has become increasingly important in recent times and the most abundant source of clean energy that people are migrating to is sunlight energy. To harness this energy, photovoltaic panels are deployed to convert solar energy into electrical energy. As a result, the PV arrays used are subjected to changing irradiance and temperature throughout the day. Similarly, the efficiency of the resultant power is significantly reduced if no control method is used to track the MPP at any given time. This paper presents an experimental investigation of an Incremental Conductance-based MPPT for PV arrays. The simulation and experimental data are processed, analyzed, and compared. From this comparison, a generalized observation emerges that the Incremental conductance algorithm improves the overall efficiency of the power system.
近年来,可再生能源变得越来越重要,人们迁移到的最丰富的清洁能源是太阳能。为了利用这种能量,部署了光伏板将太阳能转化为电能。因此,所使用的PV阵列在一天中受到不断变化的辐照度和温度的影响。同样,如果没有使用任何控制方法在任何给定时间跟踪MPP,则所得功率的效率将大大降低。本文介绍了一种基于增量电导的光伏阵列MPPT的实验研究。对仿真数据和实验数据进行了处理、分析和比较。通过比较,可以得出一个普遍的结论,即电导增量算法提高了电力系统的整体效率。
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引用次数: 0
Modeling of a Cost-Effective Implementation and Utilization Scheme for Micro-Hybrid Plants in Rural Areas: A Case of Mayukwayukwa, Zambia 农村地区微型杂交植物成本效益实施和利用方案的建模:以赞比亚Mayukwayukwa为例
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219877
Likonge Makai, S. Chowdhury, O. Popoola
Energy plays a very important role in people's lives, at the same time it contributes to economic development and growth. A sustainable energy system, supplying clean, affordable and reliable energy, is required in line with almost 70% of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) - SDG7 in rural areas where energy poverty is prominent due to no energy access. A model and simulation of various energy source combinations were conducted using HOMER Pro Software with data collected from a survey done in Mayukwayukwa, Kaoma district in Zambia. A review of current energy scenario and electrification plans for Mayukwayukwa is discussed and evaluated and the aim is to demonstrate the economic viability of hybrid micro power plants using local resources and provide alternative energy solutions that would meet the end-users energy demand. Biomass-solar PV combination is found to be an affordable, reliable, sustainable and continuous clean energy for a micro hybrid power plant.
能源在人们的生活中扮演着非常重要的角色,同时也为经济的发展和增长做出了贡献。在农村地区,由于无法获得能源,能源贫困问题十分突出,因此需要一个可持续的能源系统,提供清洁、负担得起和可靠的能源,这符合近70%的可持续发展目标(SDG) - SDG7。利用HOMER Pro软件,利用在赞比亚Kaoma地区Mayukwayukwa进行的一项调查收集的数据,建立了各种能源组合的模型并进行了模拟。讨论和评价了Mayukwayukwa目前的能源情况和电气化计划,目的是证明利用当地资源的混合微型发电厂的经济可行性,并提供可满足最终用户能源需求的替代能源解决方案。生物质能-太阳能光伏发电组合是一种经济、可靠、可持续和连续的微型混合动力发电厂清洁能源。
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引用次数: 0
Power Quality with MPPT Controller and Irradiance Uncertainty for Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Energy System 并网光伏能源系统的MPPT控制和辐照度不确定性电能质量
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219861
Julio Fredy Chura Acero, Wilhem R. Limachi Viamonte, Washington M. Soncco Vilcapaza, W. O. P. Pareja
As a result, various phenomena that affect the quality of energy occur, identifying the inverter and converter as the equipment responsible for generating these phenomena. The methodology is based on the dependence of the total harmonic distortion on the current, solar irradiation, inverter output current, RMS voltage for the grid connection point, and active and non-active power registers. It was verified that the results obtained met the criteria established with the energy quality standards for connection to the grid, related to the work of the MPPT converter for each photovoltaic module and the uncertainty of the irradiance. The values of PF varied a lot during the day, reaching desired levels when the injected power approached the inverter rated power. Therefore, low levels of PF can be reduced by increasing the number of modules photovoltaic, since the inverter used is oversized.
因此,出现了各种影响能量质量的现象,确定逆变器和变流器是产生这些现象的设备。该方法基于总谐波失真与电流、太阳辐照、逆变器输出电流、并网点有效值电压以及有功和无功功率寄存器的依赖关系。经验证,所得结果符合并网电能质量标准,与各光伏组件MPPT转换器的工作和辐照度的不确定度有关。PF值在白天变化很大,当注入功率接近逆变器额定功率时达到所需水平。因此,由于使用的逆变器过大,可以通过增加光伏模块的数量来降低低水平的PF。
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引用次数: 1
Analysis of the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of Solar PV Systems Considering their Environmental Impacts on Biodiversity 考虑环境对生物多样性影响的太阳能光伏发电系统平准化电力成本分析
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219929
S. Kibaara, D. Murage, P. Musau, M. Karweru
Large scale solar photo voltaic plants are being developed and implemented at rapid rates and others are being set up to occupy large tracts of land running to millions of acres across the globe. The cascaded environmental impacts of such huge installations are not well addressed in both literature and in the famous techno-economic modelling tools such as HOMER, SAM, INSEL and TRNSYS. This study provides a full cost approach for determining the Levelized cost of Electricity (LCOE). The study incorporates all the costs incurred during generation and operation including the externality costs that have been traditionally omitted by other models. This has been aided by the use of a new software called the ECOS model developed by students of the Jomo Kenyatta University of Science and Technology. The study carries out sizing of Solar PV for Lodwar and the resultant metrics such as LCOE when externalities are included. The novel contribution of this paper is the incorporation of the environmental impacts of Solar PV which has not done by other software tools like HOMER.
大规模的太阳能光伏电站正在迅速发展和实施,其他的正在建设中,它们占据了全球数百万英亩的大片土地。在文献和著名的技术经济建模工具(如HOMER、SAM、INSEL和TRNSYS)中,这些大型设施的级联环境影响都没有得到很好的解决。本研究提供了一种确定平准化电力成本(LCOE)的全成本方法。该研究纳入了发电和运行过程中产生的所有成本,包括传统上其他模型所忽略的外部性成本。这得益于乔莫·肯雅塔科技大学的学生开发的一种名为ECOS模型的新软件的使用。该研究为洛德瓦尔进行了太阳能光伏发电的规模和由此产生的指标,如LCOE,当包括外部性时。本文的新颖贡献在于纳入了太阳能光伏的环境影响,这是其他软件工具(如HOMER)没有做到的。
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引用次数: 0
Earth Grid Design for 400KV Neiuwehoop Substation Using CDEGS Platform 基于CDEGS平台的400KV纽霍普变电站地网设计
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219848
S. Ndhlamblenze, T. S. Hlalele
The earth grid design for substations is pivotal for substation design, particularly in high resistivity soil where resistance on the lowest layer is greater than the upper gradation soil. In this paper, a 400kV Neiuwehoop substation earth grid design is presented using Current Distribution Electromagnetic Field Grounding Soil Structure Analysis Software (CDEGS) platform. The four-electrode Wenner method is used to determine the soil resistivity distribution. For an estimated single-phase system fault current of 40kA at 0.5second, the touch potential design of $0 Omega$ and the foot resistance of $0.5mathrm{k} Omega$ are determined. The step potential of 262.6V and touch potential of 186.5V is found. The ground potential rise of 15.942kV relatively correlates with the calculated as well as measurements obtained.
变电站的地网设计是变电站设计的关键,特别是在高电阻率土壤中,最低层的电阻大于上层土壤。本文利用电流分布电磁场接地土结构分析软件(CDEGS)平台,对某400kV纽威环变电所地网进行了设计。采用四电极温纳法测定土壤电阻率分布。在0.5秒估计单相系统故障电流为40kA时,确定了触摸电位设计为$0 Omega$和脚电阻设计为$0.5 mathm {k} Omega$。阶跃电位为262.6V,接触电位为186.5V。15.942kV地电位上升与计算值和实测值有较大的相关性。
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引用次数: 3
Distributed Energy System in Nigeria: Potentials, Technologies, Benefits and Challenges 尼日利亚分布式能源系统:潜力、技术、效益和挑战
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219835
B. Saka, V. Kiray
Nigeria is naturally endowed with renewable and non-renewable energy resources that can be used to generate power to meet the energy needs of the population. Despite this potential, the country is faced with a lot of challenges to develop the power sector. These challenges include network losses, inadequate funding to develop the transmission system, right of way issues to build transmission lines, environmental and social concerns. Consequently, distributed energy system (DES) has been identified as an efficient way of addressing some of these challenge by generating power close to the customer's load. This paper presents the different DES technologies and potential energy resources available in Nigeria as well as the benefits and challenges associated with integrating distributed energy system to the power grid.
尼日利亚拥有天然的可再生和不可再生能源资源,可用于发电,以满足人口的能源需求。尽管有这种潜力,但该国在发展电力部门方面面临着许多挑战。这些挑战包括电网损失、发展输电系统的资金不足、建设输电线路的路权问题、环境和社会问题。因此,分布式能源系统(DES)已被确定为解决这些挑战的一种有效方法,通过产生接近客户负载的电力。本文介绍了尼日利亚不同的分布式能源技术和潜在的能源资源,以及将分布式能源系统集成到电网中的好处和挑战。
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引用次数: 0
Performance Evaluation of a Grid-tied PV System in the East Coast of South Africa 南非东海岸并网光伏系统性能评价
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219905
Abayomi Adebiyi, E. Ojo, I. Davidson
The performance of an experimental grid-tied 8-kW photovoltaic (PV) system installed at the Durban University of Technology, South Africa, was studied between January 2018 to December 2018 for evaluation in terms of the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) standard. The annual yielded energy was 16.178 MWh. The annual average final yield and reference yield were 4.93 kWh/kWp/day and 5.59 kWh/kWp/day, respectively. The performance ratio obtained was 87.1%, which is quite above 80 percent, the acceptable industry ratio. The study reveals that Durban is a good location for PV generation. Results obtained were compared to similar studies conducted in Dublin, Morocco, India, and Spain; it shows that this study's final yield and performance ratio is better than what is reported in extant literature.
2018年1月至2018年12月,研究了安装在南非德班理工大学的实验性并网8kw光伏(PV)系统的性能,并根据国际电工委员会(IEC)标准进行了评估。年发电量16.178兆瓦时。年平均最终发电量和参考发电量分别为4.93 kWh/kWp/day和5.59 kWh/kWp/day。所得的性能比为87.1%,远高于行业可接受的80%。研究表明,德班是光伏发电的好地方。所获得的结果与在都柏林、摩洛哥、印度和西班牙进行的类似研究进行了比较;结果表明,本研究的最终产率和绩效比优于现有文献报道。
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引用次数: 0
Electricity Consumption Modeling and Medium-Term Forecasting Based on Grouped Grey Model, GGM(1,1) 基于分组灰色模型的电力消费建模与中期预测,GGM(1,1)
Pub Date : 2020-08-01 DOI: 10.1109/PowerAfrica49420.2020.9219919
Vincent B. Getanda, P. Kihato, P. Hinga, H. Oya
Global electricity consumption in any developing sector is increasing faster than expected and energy demand forecasting is vital for sound-sustainable energy supply-demand management. Consequently, developing accurate electricity demand forecasting models is inevitable. In this paper we propose the Grouped Grey Model (GGM(1,1)) in modeling medium-term forecasting of electricity consumption. GGM(1,1) is subjected to electricity consumption data scenario to ascertain its ability and applicability in time series data forecasting. In addition, analysis of an empirical example validates data grouping techniques in improving the accuracy of the original grey model. Hence the accuracy of the prediction on electricity consumption is improved due to data grouping techniques. The proposed model can improve energy forecasting performance for future energy plans of management in producing and distributing power. Moreover, it can enhance smart grid benefits.
任何发展中部门的全球电力消费增长速度都快于预期,能源需求预测对于健全的可持续能源供需管理至关重要。因此,开发准确的电力需求预测模型势在必行。本文提出了分组灰色模型(GGM(1,1))对电力消费中期预测建模。将GGM(1,1)置于用电量数据场景下,验证其在时间序列数据预测中的能力和适用性。此外,通过实例分析,验证了数据分组技术在提高原灰色模型精度方面的作用。因此,数据分组技术提高了电力消耗预测的准确性。该模型可为未来电力生产和分配管理中的能源计划提高能源预测性能。此外,它还可以提高智能电网的效益。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2020 IEEE PES/IAS PowerAfrica
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