Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040317
Faiza Sarwar, S. A. Shirazi, Q. Ain, Farheen Khanum, Qammar Shabbir Rana, Farah Khan
Nitrogen is one of chemical gases which has drastic impact on human health. It is also renowned globally as a major component of climate change. Lahore city has been selected as the study area to conduct this research. The basic objective of this study is to assess the temporal and seasonal change of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentration in the study area and its effects on human health. For this purpose, the two-phase methodology has been adopted. In the first phase, primary and secondary datasets were collected through an online questionnaire and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), respectively, while in the second phase, satellite imageries were acquired from NASA Earth Observatory (NEO). An online questionnaire survey was conducted for a better understanding and assessment of NO2 effects on inhabitants. The interpolation technique was applied to show a temporal change in Concentration of NO2 from 2010-2022 and for seasonal change in 2022. Findings of this research showed that NO2 levels are high during winters as compared to summers. Whereas, temporal analysis from 2010-2019 revealed that high dense columns of NO2 were found in 2019 & 2020 and less dense columns were found in 2019, whereas this concentration declined due to the arrival of COVID from 2020 to the end of 2021. The main reason of this decline is the lack of transport or industrial exhaust due to lockdown by COVID. The results of the questionnaire indicate that people encountered diverse health problems due to long- and short-term exposure to NO2. Moreover, this study helps to display the drastic impacts of NO2 concentration on human health and the natural environment.
{"title":"Spatio-Temporal Dynamics of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) Concentration & its Impacts on Human Health (2010-2022)","authors":"Faiza Sarwar, S. A. Shirazi, Q. Ain, Farheen Khanum, Qammar Shabbir Rana, Farah Khan","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040317","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrogen is one of chemical gases which has drastic impact on human health. It is also renowned globally as a major component of climate change. Lahore city has been selected as the study area to conduct this research. The basic objective of this study is to assess the temporal and seasonal change of Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) concentration in the study area and its effects on human health. For this purpose, the two-phase methodology has been adopted. In the first phase, primary and secondary datasets were collected through an online questionnaire and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), respectively, while in the second phase, satellite imageries were acquired from NASA Earth Observatory (NEO). An online questionnaire survey was conducted for a better understanding and assessment of NO2 effects on inhabitants. The interpolation technique was applied to show a temporal change in Concentration of NO2 from 2010-2022 and for seasonal change in 2022. Findings of this research showed that NO2 levels are high during winters as compared to summers. Whereas, temporal analysis from 2010-2019 revealed that high dense columns of NO2 were found in 2019 & 2020 and less dense columns were found in 2019, whereas this concentration declined due to the arrival of COVID from 2020 to the end of 2021. The main reason of this decline is the lack of transport or industrial exhaust due to lockdown by COVID. The results of the questionnaire indicate that people encountered diverse health problems due to long- and short-term exposure to NO2. Moreover, this study helps to display the drastic impacts of NO2 concentration on human health and the natural environment.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117038818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040313
Kainat Hussain, M. Waseem, Iqra Mumtaz, S. Riaz
Rhizosphere fungi are strongly associated with plant growth and health by providing nutrients and antagonizing pathogens. Commercially, fungus has multipurpose applications in several sectors including beverages, food items and in medicines. Current study aimed to reveal the core fungal community structure of the two leading cereal crops that are Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. The rhizosphere fungal community was explored via morphology, biochemistry and internal transcribe spacer (ITS) metagenomics. On the basis of morphology, the retrieved fungal strains were imprecisely classified into Ascomycota and Zygomycota. The species including Yeast, Botyritis californica, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger and Microsporum canis were identified on the basis of macroscopy and microscope. Moreover, the biochemical characterization depicted the role of fungi in promotion of plant growth. Majority of the isolates depicted catalase activity, indole production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, nitrogenase activity and urease activity. Metagenomics using amplicon sequencing of ITS region revealed the presence of 805 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) with 647 OTUs in Zea mays and 620 OTUs in Triticum aestivum. The fungal phyla found in the rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota, Incertae sedis fungi. Ascomycota accounted for 93% and 95% of classified fungi in rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. respectively. The dominant species found in the rhizosphere soil of Zea mays were Gibberella intricans, Curvularia lunata, Lepidosphaeria nicotiae, Edenia gomezpompae and Myrothecium verrucaria.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of Deciphering Fungal Community structure in Zea mays L. and Triticum Aestivum L","authors":"Kainat Hussain, M. Waseem, Iqra Mumtaz, S. Riaz","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040313","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizosphere fungi are strongly associated with plant growth and health by providing nutrients and antagonizing pathogens. Commercially, fungus has multipurpose applications in several sectors including beverages, food items and in medicines. Current study aimed to reveal the core fungal community structure of the two leading cereal crops that are Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. The rhizosphere fungal community was explored via morphology, biochemistry and internal transcribe spacer (ITS) metagenomics. On the basis of morphology, the retrieved fungal strains were imprecisely classified into Ascomycota and Zygomycota. The species including Yeast, Botyritis californica, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria tenuissima, Aspergillus terreus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus niger and Microsporum canis were identified on the basis of macroscopy and microscope. Moreover, the biochemical characterization depicted the role of fungi in promotion of plant growth. Majority of the isolates depicted catalase activity, indole production, phosphate solubilization, ammonia production, nitrogenase activity and urease activity. Metagenomics using amplicon sequencing of ITS region revealed the presence of 805 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) with 647 OTUs in Zea mays and 620 OTUs in Triticum aestivum. The fungal phyla found in the rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. were Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota, Chytridiomycota, Incertae sedis fungi. Ascomycota accounted for 93% and 95% of classified fungi in rhizosphere of Zea mays L. and Triticum aestivum L. respectively. The dominant species found in the rhizosphere soil of Zea mays were Gibberella intricans, Curvularia lunata, Lepidosphaeria nicotiae, Edenia gomezpompae and Myrothecium verrucaria.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116709811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040312
Muhammad Shoaib Anjum, Omer Riaz, Muhammad Salman Latif
Cardiac disease is the major cause of deaths all over the world, with 17.9 million deaths annually, as per World Health Organization reports. The purpose of this study is to enable a cardiologist to early predict the patient’s condition before performing the echocardiography test. This study aims to find out whether diastolic function or diastolic dysfunction using symptoms through machine learning. We used the unexplored dataset of diastolic dysfunction disease in this study and checked the symptoms with cardiologist to be enough to predict the disease. For this study, the records of 1285 patients were used, out of which 524 patients had diastolic function and the other 761 patients had diastolic dysfunction. The input parameters considered in this detection include patient age, gender, BP systolic, BP diastolic, BSA, BMI, hypertension, obesity, and Shortness of Breath (SOB). Various machine learning algorithms were used for this detection including Random Forest, J.48, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine algorithms. As a result, with an accuracy of 85.45%, Logistic Regression provided promising results and proved efficient for early prediction of cardiac disease. Other algorithms had an accuracy as follow, J.48 (85.21%), Random Forest (84.94%), and SVM (84.94%). Using a machine learning tool and a patient’s dataset of diastolic dysfunction, we can declare either a patient has cardiac disease or not.
{"title":"Diastolic Dysfunction Prediction with Symptoms Using Machine Learning Approach","authors":"Muhammad Shoaib Anjum, Omer Riaz, Muhammad Salman Latif","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040312","url":null,"abstract":"Cardiac disease is the major cause of deaths all over the world, with 17.9 million deaths annually, as per World Health Organization reports. The purpose of this study is to enable a cardiologist to early predict the patient’s condition before performing the echocardiography test. This study aims to find out whether diastolic function or diastolic dysfunction using symptoms through machine learning. We used the unexplored dataset of diastolic dysfunction disease in this study and checked the symptoms with cardiologist to be enough to predict the disease. For this study, the records of 1285 patients were used, out of which 524 patients had diastolic function and the other 761 patients had diastolic dysfunction. The input parameters considered in this detection include patient age, gender, BP systolic, BP diastolic, BSA, BMI, hypertension, obesity, and Shortness of Breath (SOB). Various machine learning algorithms were used for this detection including Random Forest, J.48, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine algorithms. As a result, with an accuracy of 85.45%, Logistic Regression provided promising results and proved efficient for early prediction of cardiac disease. Other algorithms had an accuracy as follow, J.48 (85.21%), Random Forest (84.94%), and SVM (84.94%). Using a machine learning tool and a patient’s dataset of diastolic dysfunction, we can declare either a patient has cardiac disease or not.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129740917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040304
Mahnoor Zamir, Shakir Mahmood, Z. Ahmad
New variant of Covid 19 poses a threat to re-imagine and re-design our cities, which will result in to reduced transportation and a brighter sky. The key objective of the study intends to enlighten how the new variant of COVID-19 may effect cities and their residents socially, economically, psychologically and to suggest measures to combat the effects of a pandemic. Cities are growth engines, and policymakers can help them become more sustainable by creating jobs, reducing poverty, and assisting in the resilience of cities. This is especially relevant for developing countries, which, in comparison to developed ones, are rapidly urbanizing. The researcher carried out a detailed survey in the case study area (Lahore) to gather the facts regarding the impacts of COVID-19. The reliability analysis technique was used to analyze the results. The variables/factors were reliable at the value of 0.8, and 0.7. The analysis shows that residents faced problems in mobility, daily commute, and unavailability of hospitals and health care units. Residents were affected psychologically as well. The most significant impact of the lockdown which proved itself a blessing was the improvement in air quality and the environment of Lahore. The researcher concluded that the epidemic will have a significant impact on Pakistani city administration and governance. Future decisions will determine if post-COVID cities are more environmentally friendly to construct and manage. However, in addition to economic growth, it is vital to address the social and environmental aspects of long-term sustainability.
{"title":"How to Combat Against Upcoming Varients of Covid-19","authors":"Mahnoor Zamir, Shakir Mahmood, Z. Ahmad","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040304","url":null,"abstract":"New variant of Covid 19 poses a threat to re-imagine and re-design our cities, which will result in to reduced transportation and a brighter sky. The key objective of the study intends to enlighten how the new variant of COVID-19 may effect cities and their residents socially, economically, psychologically and to suggest measures to combat the effects of a pandemic. Cities are growth engines, and policymakers can help them become more sustainable by creating jobs, reducing poverty, and assisting in the resilience of cities. This is especially relevant for developing countries, which, in comparison to developed ones, are rapidly urbanizing. The researcher carried out a detailed survey in the case study area (Lahore) to gather the facts regarding the impacts of COVID-19. The reliability analysis technique was used to analyze the results. The variables/factors were reliable at the value of 0.8, and 0.7. The analysis shows that residents faced problems in mobility, daily commute, and unavailability of hospitals and health care units. Residents were affected psychologically as well. The most significant impact of the lockdown which proved itself a blessing was the improvement in air quality and the environment of Lahore. The researcher concluded that the epidemic will have a significant impact on Pakistani city administration and governance. Future decisions will determine if post-COVID cities are more environmentally friendly to construct and manage. However, in addition to economic growth, it is vital to address the social and environmental aspects of long-term sustainability.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"445 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120897415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040311
Sobia Arif, S. Haider
Jalalabad is a small village in Gilgit District in Pakistan, located around 20 km east of Gilgit city. Jalalabad village is one of the beautiful valleys located at 35°53.921 N latitude, 074°29.382 E longitude at an altitude of 1500. The present study was carried out from July-August 2021-2022 and was comprised of two main parts. The first part was floristic diversity, the second part was phytosociological studies. The collected specimens consist of (156) plant species that belonged to 119 genera and 49 families. The life forms of the collected species were 62 (72%) where Hemicryptophyte were dominant, 33 (22%) Therophytes, 14 (9%) Chaemophyte, 42 (27%) Phanerophyte and Geophytes were 4 (2%). The breakup of the habit categories shows that the herbs with 103 (66%) species were dominant to show the flora of the study area, followed by shrubs with 17 (10%) species which shows the flora of the study area. Subshrubs by 9 (6%) and trees 27 (22%) contained the flora of the study area. We studied three stands and in each stand, we placed twenty quadrate to recognize the dominant flora based on IVI. We recognized the dominant lifeform Hemicryptophytes and dominant taxa Thaymus linearis held at the highest value (64.259) based on IVI. The phytosociological studies provided all required information from each stand like dominant habit categories, dominant life forms, and dominant taxa in the study area.
{"title":"Floristic Composition, Biological Spectrum and Distribution Pattern of Floral Biodiversity in Jalalabad Taisot Valley, Gilgit Baltistan","authors":"Sobia Arif, S. Haider","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040311","url":null,"abstract":"Jalalabad is a small village in Gilgit District in Pakistan, located around 20 km east of Gilgit city. Jalalabad village is one of the beautiful valleys located at 35°53.921 N latitude, 074°29.382 E longitude at an altitude of 1500. The present study was carried out from July-August 2021-2022 and was comprised of two main parts. The first part was floristic diversity, the second part was phytosociological studies. The collected specimens consist of (156) plant species that belonged to 119 genera and 49 families. The life forms of the collected species were 62 (72%) where Hemicryptophyte were dominant, 33 (22%) Therophytes, 14 (9%) Chaemophyte, 42 (27%) Phanerophyte and Geophytes were 4 (2%). The breakup of the habit categories shows that the herbs with 103 (66%) species were dominant to show the flora of the study area, followed by shrubs with 17 (10%) species which shows the flora of the study area. Subshrubs by 9 (6%) and trees 27 (22%) contained the flora of the study area. We studied three stands and in each stand, we placed twenty quadrate to recognize the dominant flora based on IVI. We recognized the dominant lifeform Hemicryptophytes and dominant taxa Thaymus linearis held at the highest value (64.259) based on IVI. The phytosociological studies provided all required information from each stand like dominant habit categories, dominant life forms, and dominant taxa in the study area.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133751746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040301
A. I. Mirza
Smog, a combination of polluted gasses or smoke with fog, brings a harmful breathing environment that mostly exists during the pre-winter season in Lahore. The smog episodes are prevailing over the city which are getting aggregated by smoky fumes, impurities, and dust particles. Severe smog episodes were observed over Lahore mainly during November and December 2019, resulting in adverse environmental conditions e.g., eye irritation, breathing difficulty, and creating very low visibility in and around Lahore. This study is based on eighty-five sample sites from all over Lahore city, to measure the Particulate Matter during smog season. In this study, the risk zones are demarcated based on land use and land covers during pre-winter seasons. It has been revealed through geospatial technology and the evaluation of weather data that local pollution has a greater contribution towards deteriorating the quality of air as compared to the contributions which are regionally active during the smog season. Spatial dispersion of smog has shown the local industrial and vehicular emissions as the major contributor of smog rather regional diffusion of pollutants.
{"title":"Environmental Monitoring of Smog in Lahore Metropolitan Using GIS Technology","authors":"A. I. Mirza","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040301","url":null,"abstract":"Smog, a combination of polluted gasses or smoke with fog, brings a harmful breathing environment that mostly exists during the pre-winter season in Lahore. The smog episodes are prevailing over the city which are getting aggregated by smoky fumes, impurities, and dust particles. Severe smog episodes were observed over Lahore mainly during November and December 2019, resulting in adverse environmental conditions e.g., eye irritation, breathing difficulty, and creating very low visibility in and around Lahore. This study is based on eighty-five sample sites from all over Lahore city, to measure the Particulate Matter during smog season. In this study, the risk zones are demarcated based on land use and land covers during pre-winter seasons. It has been revealed through geospatial technology and the evaluation of weather data that local pollution has a greater contribution towards deteriorating the quality of air as compared to the contributions which are regionally active during the smog season. Spatial dispersion of smog has shown the local industrial and vehicular emissions as the major contributor of smog rather regional diffusion of pollutants.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125908338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040322
Zawar Khan Khattak, M. Ashraf
Introduction: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a collection of large number of small sensor nodes which communicate sensed data over a radio channel covering wide geographical region. Problem statement: A number of algorithms have been developed to enhance the network lifetime of WSN by efficiently utilizing the sources of energy. The most commonly used approach is clustering that is prone to uneven load balancing and instability issues. Furthermore, topological changes in WSN structure especially with mobile nodes significantly effect network lifetime. Methodology: In this study, we have proposed an Adaptive-Cluster-based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (A-EECBRP), which employs a novel geometrical Voronoi-based configuration to solve load balancing and mobility issues while maintaining network stability and coverage. Furthermore, energy cost function and Energy Harvesters (EH) devices were implemented to reduce energy consumption and increase network life. Moreover, the concept of handshaking and random waypoint model for nodes movement between cluster groups was examined to define mobile nodes. Results: Simulation results obtained from network analysis performed on MATLAB® showed that A-EECBRP reduced energy consumption by almost 1500 rounds as compared to LEACH-M. This significantly improved the network lifetime of WSN as compared to the LEACH-M routing protocol. Therefore, our proposed scheme provides a huge potential for implementing energy-efficient routing protocols in mobile wireless sensor networks.
{"title":"Adaptive clustering in energy efficient routing protocol for mobile nodes in WSNs","authors":"Zawar Khan Khattak, M. Ashraf","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040322","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is a collection of large number of small sensor nodes which communicate sensed data over a radio channel covering wide geographical region.\u0000Problem statement: A number of algorithms have been developed to enhance the network lifetime of WSN by efficiently utilizing the sources of energy. The most commonly used approach is clustering that is prone to uneven load balancing and instability issues. Furthermore, topological changes in WSN structure especially with mobile nodes significantly effect network lifetime.\u0000Methodology: In this study, we have proposed an Adaptive-Cluster-based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (A-EECBRP), which employs a novel geometrical Voronoi-based configuration to solve load balancing and mobility issues while maintaining network stability and coverage. Furthermore, energy cost function and Energy Harvesters (EH) devices were implemented to reduce energy consumption and increase network life. Moreover, the concept of handshaking and random waypoint model for nodes movement between cluster groups was examined to define mobile nodes.\u0000Results: Simulation results obtained from network analysis performed on MATLAB® showed that A-EECBRP reduced energy consumption by almost 1500 rounds as compared to LEACH-M. This significantly improved the network lifetime of WSN as compared to the LEACH-M routing protocol. Therefore, our proposed scheme provides a huge potential for implementing energy-efficient routing protocols in mobile wireless sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116175264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040315
Mudassar Khushi, S. Ahmad, Adeel Ahmad, I. Butt, W. Akram, Azeem Akhtar
Crime is a social stigma that needs to be addressed beyond talks. The use of geospatial information technology has become well recognized within the fields of forensic sciences and criminology, especially in the developed world. The current study is an attempt to analyze the distribution and trends of various crime types, including rape, murder, baby kidnapping, vehicle theft, and dacoity in district of Kasur Punjab, Pakistan during the year 2021. (Police station wise crime data) was collected from the District Police Office (DPO), Kasur and interpolation technique was applied and several maps were generated, including crime type, crime rate, and crime density with in study area and statistical illustrations were down users Microsoft Excel software suite. Murder crimes were found highest in the vicinity of Sadar Kasur police station whereas lowest in the vicinity of City Pattoki police station. Alla abad police station reported the highest rape crimes, whereas the lowest crime rate was found in the jurisdiction of Theh Sheikham. Kidnapping were highest in Sadar Kasur and Kot Radhakishen police stations’ vicinity, while it was found to be the lowest in the The Sheikham police station’s jurisdiction. Ganda Singh Wala, Kangan Pur, and Sadar Chunian had the lowest number of vehicle theft, whereas the city Pattoki and Sadar Kasur police stations recorded the highest dacoity crime. The present study suggests that the use of geospatial technology within the study area and beyond by the law enforcement departments can effectively enhance crime control and can help to maintain law and order situations.
{"title":"Role of Geospatial Technology in Crime Mapping & Analysis: A Case Study of District Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan","authors":"Mudassar Khushi, S. Ahmad, Adeel Ahmad, I. Butt, W. Akram, Azeem Akhtar","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040315","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040315","url":null,"abstract":"Crime is a social stigma that needs to be addressed beyond talks. The use of geospatial information technology has become well recognized within the fields of forensic sciences and criminology, especially in the developed world. The current study is an attempt to analyze the distribution and trends of various crime types, including rape, murder, baby kidnapping, vehicle theft, and dacoity in district of Kasur Punjab, Pakistan during the year 2021. (Police station wise crime data) was collected from the District Police Office (DPO), Kasur and interpolation technique was applied and several maps were generated, including crime type, crime rate, and crime density with in study area and statistical illustrations were down users Microsoft Excel software suite. Murder crimes were found highest in the vicinity of Sadar Kasur police station whereas lowest in the vicinity of City Pattoki police station. Alla abad police station reported the highest rape crimes, whereas the lowest crime rate was found in the jurisdiction of Theh Sheikham. Kidnapping were highest in Sadar Kasur and Kot Radhakishen police stations’ vicinity, while it was found to be the lowest in the The Sheikham police station’s jurisdiction. Ganda Singh Wala, Kangan Pur, and Sadar Chunian had the lowest number of vehicle theft, whereas the city Pattoki and Sadar Kasur police stations recorded the highest dacoity crime. The present study suggests that the use of geospatial technology within the study area and beyond by the law enforcement departments can effectively enhance crime control and can help to maintain law and order situations.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127310949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022040306
Shafqat Ali Siyyal, Faheem Yar Khuawar, E. Saba, A. L. Memon, Muhammad Raza Shaikh
The rapid growth of computer networks has caused a significant increase in malicious traffic, promoting the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) to protect against this ever-growing attack traffic. A great number of IDS have been developed with some sort of weaknesses and strengths. Most of the development and research of IDS is purely based on simulated and non-updated datasets due to the unavailability of real datasets, for instance, KDD '99, and CIC-IDS-18 which are widely used datasets by researchers are not sufficient to represent real-traffic scenarios. Moreover, these one-time generated static datasets cannot survive the rapid changes in network patterns. To overcome these problems, we have proposed a framework to generate a full feature, unbiased, real-traffic-based, updated custom dataset to deal with the limitations of existing datasets. In this paper, the complete methodology of network testbed, data acquisition and attack scenarios are discussed. The generated dataset contains more than 70 features and covers different types of attacks, namely DoS, DDoS, Portscan, Brute-Force and Web attacks. Later, the custom-generated dataset is compared to various available datasets based on seven different factors, such as updates, practical-to-generate, realness, attack diversity, flexibility, availability, and interoperability. Additionally, we have trained different ML-based classifiers on our custom-generated dataset and then tested/analyzed it based on performance metrics. The generated dataset is publicly available and accessible by all users. Moreover, the following research is anticipated to allow researchers to develop effective IDSs and real traffic-based updated datasets.
{"title":"Analyzing ML-Based IDS over Real-Traffic","authors":"Shafqat Ali Siyyal, Faheem Yar Khuawar, E. Saba, A. L. Memon, Muhammad Raza Shaikh","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022040306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022040306","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid growth of computer networks has caused a significant increase in malicious traffic, promoting the use of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) to protect against this ever-growing attack traffic. A great number of IDS have been developed with some sort of weaknesses and strengths. Most of the development and research of IDS is purely based on simulated and non-updated datasets due to the unavailability of real datasets, for instance, KDD '99, and CIC-IDS-18 which are widely used datasets by researchers are not sufficient to represent real-traffic scenarios. Moreover, these one-time generated static datasets cannot survive the rapid changes in network patterns. To overcome these problems, we have proposed a framework to generate a full feature, unbiased, real-traffic-based, updated custom dataset to deal with the limitations of existing datasets. In this paper, the complete methodology of network testbed, data acquisition and attack scenarios are discussed. The generated dataset contains more than 70 features and covers different types of attacks, namely DoS, DDoS, Portscan, Brute-Force and Web attacks. Later, the custom-generated dataset is compared to various available datasets based on seven different factors, such as updates, practical-to-generate, realness, attack diversity, flexibility, availability, and interoperability. Additionally, we have trained different ML-based classifiers on our custom-generated dataset and then tested/analyzed it based on performance metrics. The generated dataset is publicly available and accessible by all users. Moreover, the following research is anticipated to allow researchers to develop effective IDSs and real traffic-based updated datasets.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115329746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-30DOI: 10.33411/ijist/2022020309
Hira Beenish, Saman Khan, Wasif Mairaj, Muhammad Fahad
Shopping became one of the most important tasks that people conduct on a daily basis. A mart is a place where various things can be purchased within a roof. Customers must patiently wait in lengthy lines, especially on weekends, until it is their turn. Due to people's busy schedules, this is a time-consuming process that leaves them exhausted and dissatisfied with the services provided at the checkout counters. We proposed and implemented an autonomous trolley with an electronic billing system. The proposed and developed system is separated into two sections, the first section consists of RFID tags and camera-based product scanning and detection, while the second section consists of bill generation and e-payment. The second output is of a shopping receipt, which was printed using a thermal printer effectively, and smart trolley-based bill detection will be accomplished. This self-billing is a new technology that can present us with numerous advantages. Currently, everyone is familiar with e-payments, and because our system is also based on direct bank transactions. This smart trolley-based bill detection will ultimately be accomplished through the user's bank and Jazz Cash. Automated trolley systems are designed to provide customers with knowledge about their collected items and decision-making abilities based on prior purchase patterns in order to ensure a hassle-free shopping experience.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Autonomous Trolley with E Billing","authors":"Hira Beenish, Saman Khan, Wasif Mairaj, Muhammad Fahad","doi":"10.33411/ijist/2022020309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33411/ijist/2022020309","url":null,"abstract":"Shopping became one of the most important tasks that people conduct on a daily basis. A mart is a place where various things can be purchased within a roof. Customers must patiently wait in lengthy lines, especially on weekends, until it is their turn. Due to people's busy schedules, this is a time-consuming process that leaves them exhausted and dissatisfied with the services provided at the checkout counters. We proposed and implemented an autonomous trolley with an electronic billing system. The proposed and developed system is separated into two sections, the first section consists of RFID tags and camera-based product scanning and detection, while the second section consists of bill generation and e-payment. The second output is of a shopping receipt, which was printed using a thermal printer effectively, and smart trolley-based bill detection will be accomplished. This self-billing is a new technology that can present us with numerous advantages. Currently, everyone is familiar with e-payments, and because our system is also based on direct bank transactions. This smart trolley-based bill detection will ultimately be accomplished through the user's bank and Jazz Cash. Automated trolley systems are designed to provide customers with knowledge about their collected items and decision-making abilities based on prior purchase patterns in order to ensure a hassle-free shopping experience.","PeriodicalId":326014,"journal":{"name":"Vol 4 Issue 3","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114585728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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