M. Cavitte, D. Young, R. Mulvaney, C. Ritz, J. Greenbaum, G. Ng, S. Kempf, E. Quartini, G. Muldoon, J. Paden, M. Frezzotti, J. Roberts, C. Tozer, D. Schroeder, D. Blankenship
Abstract. We present an ice-penetrating radar data set which consists of 26 internal reflecting horizons (IRHs) that cover the entire Dome C area of the East Antarctic plateau, the most extensive to date in the region. This data set uses radar surveys collected over the space of 10 years, starting with an airborne international collaboration in 2008 to explore the region, up to the detailed ground based surveys in support of the Beyond EPICA – Oldest Ice (BE-OI) European Consortium. Through direct correlation with the EPICA-DC ice core, we date 19 IRHs that span the past four glacial cycles, from the beginning of the Holocene to over 350 ka. We indirectly date and provide stratigraphic information for seven older IRHs using an 1-D ice flow inverse model, going back to an estimated 700 ka. Depth and age uncertainties are quantified for all IRHs and provided as part of the data set. The IRH data set presented in this study is available at the U.S. Antarctic Program Data Center (USAP-DC) (https://doi.org/10.15784/601411, Cavitte et al., 2020) and represents a contribution to the SCAR AntArchitecture program.
摘要我们提出了一套冰层穿透雷达数据集，该数据集由26个内部反射层(IRHs)组成，覆盖了南极东部高原的整个穹窿C区域，这是该地区迄今为止最广泛的。该数据集使用了10年来收集的雷达调查数据，从2008年的空中国际合作开始探索该地区，一直到支持超越EPICA -最古老冰(BE-OI)欧洲联盟的详细地面调查。通过与EPICA-DC冰芯的直接对比，我们确定了19个IRHs，它们跨越了从全新世开始到超过350 ka的过去四个冰期旋回。我们使用一维冰流逆模型间接确定了7个更老的IRHs的年代，并提供了地层信息，估计可以追溯到700 ka。对所有IRHs的深度和年龄不确定性进行了量化，并作为数据集的一部分提供。本研究中提供的IRH数据集可在美国南极计划数据中心(USAP-DC)获得(https://doi.org/10.15784/601411, Cavitte et al.， 2020)，并代表了对SCAR AntArchitecture计划的贡献。
{"title":"A detailed radiostratigraphic data set for the central East Antarctic\u0000Plateau spanning the last half million years","authors":"M. Cavitte, D. Young, R. Mulvaney, C. Ritz, J. Greenbaum, G. Ng, S. Kempf, E. Quartini, G. Muldoon, J. Paden, M. Frezzotti, J. Roberts, C. Tozer, D. Schroeder, D. Blankenship","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-393","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We present an ice-penetrating radar data set which consists of 26 internal reflecting horizons (IRHs) that cover the entire Dome C area of the East Antarctic plateau, the most extensive to date in the region. This data set uses radar surveys collected over the space of 10 years, starting with an airborne international collaboration in 2008 to explore the region, up to the detailed ground based surveys in support of the Beyond EPICA – Oldest Ice (BE-OI) European Consortium. Through direct correlation with the EPICA-DC ice core, we date 19 IRHs that span the past four glacial cycles, from the beginning of the Holocene to over 350 ka. We indirectly date and provide stratigraphic information for seven older IRHs using an 1-D ice flow inverse model, going back to an estimated 700 ka. Depth and age uncertainties are quantified for all IRHs and provided as part of the data set. The IRH data set presented in this study is available at the U.S. Antarctic Program Data Center (USAP-DC) (https://doi.org/10.15784/601411, Cavitte et al., 2020) and represents a contribution to the SCAR AntArchitecture program.\u0000","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133306203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. In this paper we present an updated and homogeneous earthquake data set for Italy compiled by joining the Italian Macroseismic Database DBMI15 and the Engineering Strong-Motion (ESM) accelerometric data bank. The database has been compiled through an extensive procedure of selection and revision based on two main steps: 1) the removal of several earthquakes in DBMI15 because the data source has been considered to be largely unreliable and 2) the extraction of all the localities reporting intensity data which are located within 3 km from the accelerograph stations that recorded the data. The final data set includes 323 recordings from 65 earthquakes and 227 stations in the time span 1972–2016. The events are characterized by magnitudes in the range 4.0–6.9 and depths in the range 0.3–45.0 km. Here, we illustrate the data collection and the properties of the database in terms of recording, event and station distributions as well as Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg (MCS) macroseismic intensity points. Furthermore, we discuss the most relevant features of engineering interest showing several statistics with reference to the most significant metadata (such as moment magnitude, several distance metrics, style of faulting etc). The data set can be downloaded from data repository Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.13127/inge.1 (Oliveti et., 2020).
{"title":"INGe: Intensity-ground motion dataset for Italy","authors":"I. Oliveti, L. Faenza, A. Michelini","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-372","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In this paper we present an updated and homogeneous earthquake data set for Italy compiled by joining the Italian Macroseismic Database DBMI15 and the Engineering Strong-Motion (ESM) accelerometric data bank. The database has been compiled through an extensive procedure of selection and revision based on two main steps: 1) the removal of several earthquakes in DBMI15 because the data source has been considered to be largely unreliable and 2) the extraction of all the localities reporting intensity data which are located within 3 km from the accelerograph stations that recorded the data. The final data set includes 323 recordings from 65 earthquakes and 227 stations in the time span 1972–2016. The events are characterized by magnitudes in the range 4.0–6.9 and depths in the range 0.3–45.0 km. Here, we illustrate the data collection and the properties of the database in terms of recording, event and station distributions as well as Mercalli-Cancani-Sieberg (MCS) macroseismic intensity points. Furthermore, we discuss the most relevant features of engineering interest showing several statistics with reference to the most significant metadata (such as moment magnitude, several distance metrics, style of faulting etc). The data set can be downloaded from data repository Zenodo at https://doi.org/10.13127/inge.1 (Oliveti et., 2020).","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"os-48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127785366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The increasing demand of ScenarioMIP is calling for GDP projections of high resolution for the future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in both socioeconomic development and in climate change of adaption and mitigation research. While to date the global GDP projections for five SSPs are mainly provided at national scales, and the gridded data set are very limited. Meanwhile, the historical GDP can be disaggregated using nighttime light (NTL) images but the results are not open accessed, making it cumbersome in climate change impact and socioeconomic risk assessments across research disciplines. To this end, we produce a set of spatially explicit global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that presents substantial long-term changes of economic activities for both historical period (2005 as representative) and for future projections under all five SSPs with a spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds. Chinese population in SSP database were first replaced by the projections under the two-children policy implemented since 2016 and then used to spatialize global GDP using NTL images and gridded population together as fixed base map, which outperformed at subnational scales. The GDP data are consistent with projections from the SSPs and are freely available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4350027 (Wang and Sun, 2020). We also provide another set of spatially explicit GDP using the global LandScan population as fixed base map, which is recommended at county or even smaller scales where NTL images are limited. Our results highlight the necessity and availability of using gridded GDP projections with high resolution for scenario-based climate change research and socioeconomic development that are consistent with all five SSPs.
{"title":"Spatially explicit global gross domestic product (GDP) data set consistent with the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways","authors":"Tingting Wang, F. Sun","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4350027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4350027","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The increasing demand of ScenarioMIP is calling for GDP projections of high resolution for the future Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) in both socioeconomic development and in climate change of adaption and mitigation research. While to date the global GDP projections for five SSPs are mainly provided at national scales, and the gridded data set are very limited. Meanwhile, the historical GDP can be disaggregated using nighttime light (NTL) images but the results are not open accessed, making it cumbersome in climate change impact and socioeconomic risk assessments across research disciplines. To this end, we produce a set of spatially explicit global Gross Domestic Product (GDP) that presents substantial long-term changes of economic activities for both historical period (2005 as representative) and for future projections under all five SSPs with a spatial resolution of 30 arc-seconds. Chinese population in SSP database were first replaced by the projections under the two-children policy implemented since 2016 and then used to spatialize global GDP using NTL images and gridded population together as fixed base map, which outperformed at subnational scales. The GDP data are consistent with projections from the SSPs and are freely available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4350027 (Wang and Sun, 2020). We also provide another set of spatially explicit GDP using the global LandScan population as fixed base map, which is recommended at county or even smaller scales where NTL images are limited. Our results highlight the necessity and availability of using gridded GDP projections with high resolution for scenario-based climate change research and socioeconomic development that are consistent with all five SSPs.","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121417940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Islam, A. Shankar, A. Houston, Carrick Detweiler
Abstract. This paper describes the data collected by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) as part of the field deployment during the Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) flight campaign in July 2018. UNL deployed two multirotor unmanned aerial systems (UASs) at various sites in the San Luis Valley (Colorado, USA) for data collection in support of three science missions: convection-initiation, boundary layer transition, and cold air drainage flow. We conducted 172 flights resulting in over 1300 minutes of cumulative flight time. Our novel design for the sensor housing onboard the UAS was employed in these flights to meet the aspiration and shielding requirements of the temperature/humidity sensors, and attempt to separate them from the mixed turbulent airflow from the propellers. Data presented in this paper include time-stamped temperature and humidity data collected from the sensors, along with the three-dimensional position and velocity of the UAS. Data are quality controlled and time-synchronized using a zero-order-hold interpolation without additional post processing. The full dataset is also made available for download at (https://doi.org/10. 5281/zenodo.4306086 (Islam et al. , 2020)).
摘要本文描述了内布拉斯加大学林肯分校(UNL)在2018年7月的高空低层大气过程研究(远程驾驶飞机团队实验(LAPSE-RATE)飞行活动)期间作为现场部署的一部分收集的数据。UNL在圣路易斯谷(美国科罗拉多州)的不同地点部署了两个多旋翼无人机系统(UASs)，用于支持三个科学任务的数据收集:对流启动、边界层过渡和冷空气引流流。我们进行了172次飞行，累计飞行时间超过1300分钟。我们为无人机上的传感器外壳设计的新颖设计在这些飞行中被采用，以满足温度/湿度传感器的吸气和屏蔽要求，并试图将它们与螺旋桨产生的混合湍流气流分开。本文提供的数据包括从传感器收集的带有时间戳的温度和湿度数据，以及无人机的三维位置和速度。数据是质量控制和时间同步使用零阶保持插值没有额外的后处理。完整的数据集也可以从(https://doi.org/10)下载。5281 / zenodo.4306086(Islam et al.， 2020)。
{"title":"University of Nebraska UAS profiling during LAPSE-RATE","authors":"A. Islam, A. Shankar, A. Houston, Carrick Detweiler","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-374","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This paper describes the data collected by the University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL) as part of the field deployment during the Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) flight campaign in July 2018. UNL deployed two multirotor unmanned aerial systems (UASs) at various sites in the San Luis Valley (Colorado, USA) for data collection in support of three science missions: convection-initiation, boundary layer transition, and cold air drainage flow. We conducted 172 flights resulting in over 1300 minutes of cumulative flight time. Our novel design for the sensor housing onboard the UAS was employed in these flights to meet the aspiration and shielding requirements of the temperature/humidity sensors, and attempt to separate them from the mixed turbulent airflow from the propellers. Data presented in this paper include time-stamped temperature and humidity data collected from the sensors, along with the three-dimensional position and velocity of the UAS. Data are quality controlled and time-synchronized using a zero-order-hold interpolation without additional post processing. The full dataset is also made available for download at (https://doi.org/10. 5281/zenodo.4306086 (Islam et al. , 2020)).\u0000","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127717076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Cave deposits are powerful archives for reconstructing past sea levels as they are generally protected from weathering and erosion by their location and can be dated with U-series methods. Two main categories of cave deposits are recognized as sea level indicators: phreatic overgrowth on speleothems (POS) and submerged vadose speleothems (SVS). POS have the great advantage that they precipitate on preexisting vadose supports at a brackish water level equivalent to sea level when air-filled chambers of coastal caves are flooded by rising sea. SVS are also useful, but sea level is inferred indirectly as periods of growth provide constraints on maximum sea level positions, whereas growth hiatuses, sometimes difficult to observe, may indicate times when cave passages are submerged by sea high stands, hence they record minimum sea level elevations. Here we describe a compilation that summarizes the current knowledge of MIS 5 (sensu lato) sea level captured by cave deposits. We used the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), a comprehensive sea level database, to provide a standardized format in order to facilitate scientific research on MIS 5 sea level. The discussion is MIS 5e-centered, but records that capture MIS 5c and 5a are also included. We present the data from 59 cave deposits (26 sea-level index points and 33 limiting points) in coastal caves located in eight different locations, and we include the spatial coverage, the samples used and their accuracy as indicators of sea level, the isotopic characteristics used to generate the U-Th chronologies, and their scientific relevance to understand past sea-level changes. The paper also emphasizes how some of these indicators are useful not only for the information they offer about the eustatic sea level, but more importantly: i) those from tectonically stable areas provide information on Earth deformation and regional ice sheet histories, thus refining the glacial isostatic adjustments models and ii) those from active regions can constrain regional tectonic uplift rates. The standardized sea-level database presented here is the first of its kind derived from cave deposits and contains all the information needed to assess former paleo relative sea level and the chronological constraints associated with them. The database is available open-access at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4313861 (Dumitru et al., 2020).
摘要洞穴沉积物是重建过去海平面的有力档案，因为它们通常受其位置的保护而不受风化和侵蚀，并且可以用u系列方法确定年代。作为海平面指示物的溶洞矿床主要有两类:溶洞上的潜水过度生长(POS)和淹没渗透洞穴(SVS)。当沿海洞穴的充气室被上升的海水淹没时，POS具有很大的优势，它们在相当于海平面的微咸水位上沉淀在预先存在的气膜支撑上。SVS也很有用，但海平面是间接推断的，因为生长时期对最高海平面位置有限制，而生长中断有时难以观察，可能表明洞穴通道被海高地淹没的时间，因此它们记录了最低海平面高度。在这里，我们描述了一个汇编，总结了洞穴沉积物捕获的MIS 5 (sensu lato)海平面的当前知识。为了便于MIS 5海平面的科学研究，我们使用了世界末次间冰期海岸线地图集(WALIS)这一综合性海平面数据库的框架，提供了一个标准化的格式。讨论以MIS 5e为中心，但也包括捕获MIS 5c和5a的记录。本文介绍了位于8个不同地点的59个洞穴沉积物(26个海平面指数点和33个海平面限制点)的数据，包括空间覆盖范围、使用的样品及其作为海平面指标的准确性、用于生成U-Th年代学的同位素特征，以及它们与理解过去海平面变化的科学相关性。本文还强调了其中一些指标的作用，不仅在于它们提供了关于海平面上升的信息，而且更重要的是:1)来自构造稳定区的指标提供了关于地球变形和区域冰盖历史的信息，从而改进了冰川均衡调整模型;2)来自活动区的指标可以限制区域构造隆升速率。这里提出的标准化海平面数据库是第一个从洞穴沉积物中提取的数据库，它包含了评估前古相对海平面和与之相关的时间限制所需的所有信息。该数据库可在http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4313861上开放获取(Dumitru et al.， 2020)。
{"title":"Last Interglacial (sensu lato, ~130 to 75 ka) sea level history from cave deposits: a global standardized database","authors":"O. Dumitru, V. Polyak, Y. Asmerom, B. Onac","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-387","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Cave deposits are powerful archives for reconstructing past sea levels as they are generally protected from weathering and erosion by their location and can be dated with U-series methods. Two main categories of cave deposits are recognized as sea level indicators: phreatic overgrowth on speleothems (POS) and submerged vadose speleothems (SVS). POS have the great advantage that they precipitate on preexisting vadose supports at a brackish water level equivalent to sea level when air-filled chambers of coastal caves are flooded by rising sea. SVS are also useful, but sea level is inferred indirectly as periods of growth provide constraints on maximum sea level positions, whereas growth hiatuses, sometimes difficult to observe, may indicate times when cave passages are submerged by sea high stands, hence they record minimum sea level elevations. Here we describe a compilation that summarizes the current knowledge of MIS 5 (sensu lato) sea level captured by cave deposits. We used the framework of the World Atlas of Last Interglacial Shorelines (WALIS), a comprehensive sea level database, to provide a standardized format in order to facilitate scientific research on MIS 5 sea level. The discussion is MIS 5e-centered, but records that capture MIS 5c and 5a are also included. We present the data from 59 cave deposits (26 sea-level index points and 33 limiting points) in coastal caves located in eight different locations, and we include the spatial coverage, the samples used and their accuracy as indicators of sea level, the isotopic characteristics used to generate the U-Th chronologies, and their scientific relevance to understand past sea-level changes. The paper also emphasizes how some of these indicators are useful not only for the information they offer about the eustatic sea level, but more importantly: i) those from tectonically stable areas provide information on Earth deformation and regional ice sheet histories, thus refining the glacial isostatic adjustments models and ii) those from active regions can constrain regional tectonic uplift rates. The standardized sea-level database presented here is the first of its kind derived from cave deposits and contains all the information needed to assess former paleo relative sea level and the chronological constraints associated with them. The database is available open-access at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4313861 (Dumitru et al., 2020).\u0000","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128230014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. This dataset is a comprehensive, global compilation of published uranium series (U-series) dated fossil coral records from ~150–110 thousand years ago, as well as associated elevation measurements and sample metadata. In total, 1312 U-series measurements from 994 unique coral colonies are included in the current version of the dataset, all of which have been normalized and recalculated using the same decay constant values. Two example geochemical screening criteria have been included to assist users with identifying altered fossil corals that display geochemical open-system behaviour, and the originally published interpretations on age quality have been preserved within the sample metadata. Additionally, a clear distinction has been made between coral colonies that are in primary growth position, which may be used for relative sea-level reconstructions and colonies that have been transported/reworked, which cannot be used for these purposes. Future research efforts involving fossil coral sea-level reconstructions should emphasize an integrated and holistic approach that combines careful assessment of U-series age quality with high-precision surveying techniques and detailed facies/stratigraphic observations. This database is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309796 (Chutcharavan and Dutton 2020).
摘要该数据集是一个全面的全球汇编，收录了约15 - 11万年前已发表的铀系列(u系列)化石珊瑚记录，以及相关的海拔测量和样本元数据。目前版本的数据集中总共包含了来自994个独特珊瑚群落的1312个u系列测量值，所有这些测量值都经过归一化处理，并使用相同的衰减常数值重新计算。包括两个示例地球化学筛选标准，以帮助用户识别显示地球化学开放系统行为的蚀变化石珊瑚，并且最初发表的年龄质量解释已保存在样本元数据中。此外，已经明确区分了处于初级生长位置的珊瑚群落，它们可用于相对海平面重建，而已被运输/重新加工的珊瑚群落则不能用于这些目的。未来涉及化石珊瑚海平面重建的研究工作应强调综合和整体的方法，将u系列年龄质量的仔细评估与高精度测量技术和详细的相/地层观察结合起来。该数据库可在http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309796 (Chutcharavan and Dutton 2020)上获得。
{"title":"“A Global Compilation of U-series Dated Fossil Coral Sea-level Indicators for the Last Interglacial Period (MIS 5e)” by Peter M. Chutcharavan and Andrea Dutton","authors":"P. Chutcharavan, A. Dutton","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-381","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This dataset is a comprehensive, global compilation of published uranium series (U-series) dated fossil coral records from ~150–110 thousand years ago, as well as associated elevation measurements and sample metadata. In total, 1312 U-series measurements from 994 unique coral colonies are included in the current version of the dataset, all of which have been normalized and recalculated using the same decay constant values. Two example geochemical screening criteria have been included to assist users with identifying altered fossil corals that display geochemical open-system behaviour, and the originally published interpretations on age quality have been preserved within the sample metadata. Additionally, a clear distinction has been made between coral colonies that are in primary growth position, which may be used for relative sea-level reconstructions and colonies that have been transported/reworked, which cannot be used for these purposes. Future research efforts involving fossil coral sea-level reconstructions should emphasize an integrated and holistic approach that combines careful assessment of U-series age quality with high-precision surveying techniques and detailed facies/stratigraphic observations. This database is available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4309796 (Chutcharavan and Dutton 2020).\u0000","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126335637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arthur Monhonval, S. Opfergelt, Elisabeth Mauclet, B. Pereira, Aubry Vandeuren, G. Grosse, Lutz Schirrmeister, M. Fuchs, P. Kuhry, J. Strauss
Abstract. With permafrost thaw, significant amounts of organic carbon (OC) previously stored in frozen deposits are unlocked and become potentially available for microbial mineralization. This is particularly the case in ice-rich regions such as the Yedoma domain. Excess ground ice degradation exposes deep sediments and their OC stocks, but also mineral elements, to biogeochemical processes. Interactions of mineral elements and OC play a crucial role for OC stabilization and the fate of OC upon thaw, and thus regulate carbon dioxide and methane emissions. In addition, some mineral elements are limiting nutrients for plant growth or microbial metabolic activity. A large ongoing effort is to quantify OC stocks and their lability in permafrost regions, but the influence of mineral elements on the fate of OC or on biogeochemical nutrient cycles has received less attention. The reason is that there is a gap of knowledge on the mineral element content in permafrost regions. Here, we use a portable X-ray fluorescence device (pXRF) to provide (i) the first large-scale Yedoma domain Mineral Concentrations Assessment (YMCA) dataset ( https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.922724 ; Monhonval et al., in review), and (ii) estimates of mineral element stocks in never thawed (since deposition) ice-rich Yedoma permafrost and previously thawed and partly refrozen Alas deposits. The pXRF method for mineral element quantification is non-destructive and offers a complement to the classical dissolution and measurement by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in solution. This allowed a mineral element concentration (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, Zn, Sr and Zr) assessment on 1292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain with lower analytical effort and affordable costs relative to the classical ICP-OES method. pXRF measured concentrations were calibrated using standard alkaline fusion and ICP-OES measurements on a subset of 144 samples (R2 from 0.725 to 0.996). The results highlight that (i) the most abundant mineral element in the Yedoma domain is Si (2739 ± 986 Gt) followed by Al, Fe, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Zr, Sr, and Zn, and that (ii) Al and Fe (598 ± 213 and 288 ± 104 Gt) are present in the same order of magnitude than OC (327–466 Gt).
{"title":"Mineral element stocks in the Yedoma domain: a first assessment in\u0000ice-rich permafrost regions","authors":"Arthur Monhonval, S. Opfergelt, Elisabeth Mauclet, B. Pereira, Aubry Vandeuren, G. Grosse, Lutz Schirrmeister, M. Fuchs, P. Kuhry, J. Strauss","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-359","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. With permafrost thaw, significant amounts of organic carbon (OC) previously stored in frozen deposits are unlocked and become potentially available for microbial mineralization. This is particularly the case in ice-rich regions such as the Yedoma domain. Excess ground ice degradation exposes deep sediments and their OC stocks, but also mineral elements, to biogeochemical processes. Interactions of mineral elements and OC play a crucial role for OC stabilization and the fate of OC upon thaw, and thus regulate carbon dioxide and methane emissions. In addition, some mineral elements are limiting nutrients for plant growth or microbial metabolic activity. A large ongoing effort is to quantify OC stocks and their lability in permafrost regions, but the influence of mineral elements on the fate of OC or on biogeochemical nutrient cycles has received less attention. The reason is that there is a gap of knowledge on the mineral element content in permafrost regions. Here, we use a portable X-ray fluorescence device (pXRF) to provide (i) the first large-scale Yedoma domain Mineral Concentrations Assessment (YMCA) dataset ( https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.922724 ; Monhonval et al., in review), and (ii) estimates of mineral element stocks in never thawed (since deposition) ice-rich Yedoma permafrost and previously thawed and partly refrozen Alas deposits. The pXRF method for mineral element quantification is non-destructive and offers a complement to the classical dissolution and measurement by optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) in solution. This allowed a mineral element concentration (Si, Al, Fe, Ca, K, Ti, Mn, Zn, Sr and Zr) assessment on 1292 sediment samples from the Yedoma domain with lower analytical effort and affordable costs relative to the classical ICP-OES method. pXRF measured concentrations were calibrated using standard alkaline fusion and ICP-OES measurements on a subset of 144 samples (R2 from 0.725 to 0.996). The results highlight that (i) the most abundant mineral element in the Yedoma domain is Si (2739 ± 986 Gt) followed by Al, Fe, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Zr, Sr, and Zn, and that (ii) Al and Fe (598 ± 213 and 288 ± 104 Gt) are present in the same order of magnitude than OC (327–466 Gt).","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115303571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. The investigation of surging glaciers using remote sensing has recently seen a strong increase as freely available satellite data and digital elevation models (DEMs) can provide detailed information about surges that often take place in remote or inaccessible regions. Apart from analysing individual surges, satellite information is increasingly used to collect capable data on surging glaciers. Related inventories have recently been published for several regions in High Mountain Asia including the Karakoram, parts of the Pamir and western Kunlun Shan, but information for the entire Pamir is solely available from a historic database listing about 80 glaciers with confirmed surges. Here we present an updated inventory of confirmed glacier surges for the Pamir that considers results from earlier studies and is based on a systematic analysis of Landsat image time series (1988 to 2018) and DEM differences. Actively surging glaciers were identified from animations, flicker images and the typical elevation change patterns. Selected historic and contemporary very high-resolution imagery were used to confirm surges. In total, we identified 206 spatially distinct surges within 186 glacier bodies, mostly clustered in the northern and central part of the Pamir. Where possible, minimum and maximum glacier extents were digitized, but often interacting tributaries made a clear separation challenging. Most surging glaciers (n = 70) are found in the larger size classes (> 10 km2), but two of them are very small ( https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.914150 (Goerlich et al., 2020).
摘要利用遥感对冰川涌动的调查最近出现了强劲增长，因为免费获得的卫星数据和数字高程模型(dem)可以提供关于经常发生在偏远或难以到达地区的涌动的详细信息。除了分析个别的冰川骤增，卫星信息也越来越多地用于收集有关冰川骤增的可靠数据。最近，包括喀喇昆仑山、帕米尔高原部分地区和昆仑山西部在内的亚洲高山地区的相关清单已经公布，但整个帕米尔高原的信息只能从一个历史数据库中获得，该数据库列出了大约80个已确认激增的冰川。本文基于对Landsat图像时间序列(1988年至2018年)和DEM差异的系统分析，对帕米尔高原已确认的冰川激增进行了更新，考虑了早期研究的结果。从动画、闪烁图像和典型高程变化模式中识别出活跃涌动的冰川。选定的历史和当代非常高分辨率的图像用于确认浪涌。我们总共在186个冰川体中发现了206个空间上不同的涌流，这些涌流大多集中在帕米尔高原的北部和中部。在可能的情况下，最小和最大冰川范围被数字化，但通常相互作用的支流使明确的分离变得具有挑战性。大多数涌流冰川(n = 70)位于较大的规模类别(> 10 km2)，但其中两个非常小(https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.914150 (Goerlich et al.， 2020)。
{"title":"More dynamic than expected: An updated survey of surging glaciers\u0000in the Pamir","authors":"F. Goerlich, T. Bolch, F. Paul","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-79","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The investigation of surging glaciers using remote sensing has recently seen a strong increase as freely available satellite data and digital elevation models (DEMs) can provide detailed information about surges that often take place in remote or inaccessible regions. Apart from analysing individual surges, satellite information is increasingly used to collect capable data on surging glaciers. Related inventories have recently been published for several regions in High Mountain Asia including the Karakoram, parts of the Pamir and western Kunlun Shan, but information for the entire Pamir is solely available from a historic database listing about 80 glaciers with confirmed surges. Here we present an updated inventory of confirmed glacier surges for the Pamir that considers results from earlier studies and is based on a systematic analysis of Landsat image time series (1988 to 2018) and DEM differences. Actively surging glaciers were identified from animations, flicker images and the typical elevation change patterns. Selected historic and contemporary very high-resolution imagery were used to confirm surges. In total, we identified 206 spatially distinct surges within 186 glacier bodies, mostly clustered in the northern and central part of the Pamir. Where possible, minimum and maximum glacier extents were digitized, but often interacting tributaries made a clear separation challenging. Most surging glaciers (n = 70) are found in the larger size classes (> 10 km2), but two of them are very small ( https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.914150 (Goerlich et al., 2020).","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129198644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Zheng, Qiang Zhang, G. Geng, Q. Shi, Y. Lei, K. He
Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to a sharp drop in socio-economic activities in China in 2020, including reductions in fossil fuel use, industry productions, and traffic volumes. The short-term impacts of lockdowns on China's air quality have been measured and reported, however, the changes in anthropogenic emissions have not yet been assessed quantitatively, which hinders our understanding of the causes of the air quality changes during COVID-19. Here, for the first time, we report the anthropogenic air pollutant emissions from mainland China during the first eight months of 2020 by using a bottom-up approach based on the near real-time data. The COVID-19 lockdown was estimated to have reduced China's anthropogenic emissions substantially between January and March in 2020, with the largest reductions in February. Emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOCs, and primary PM2.5 were estimated to have decreased by 29 %, 31 %, 27 %, 26 %, and 21 %, respectively, in February 2020 compared to the same month in 2019. The reductions in anthropogenic emissions were dominated by the industry sector for SO2 and PM2.5 and were contributed approximately equally by the industry and transportation sectors for NOx, CO, and NMVOCs. With the spread of coronavirus controlled, China's anthropogenic emissions rebounded in April and since then returned to the comparable levels of 2019 in August 2020. The provinces in China have presented nearly synchronous decline and rebound in anthropogenic emissions, while Hubei and the provinces surrounding Beijing recovered slower due to the extension of lockdown measures. The reduction ratios of anthropogenic emissions from 2019 to 2020 can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5214920.v1 (Zheng et al., 2020) by species, month, sector, and province.
摘要新冠肺炎疫情封锁导致2020年中国社会经济活动急剧下降，包括化石燃料使用、工业生产和交通量减少。封锁对中国空气质量的短期影响已经得到测量和报告，但人为排放的变化尚未得到定量评估，这阻碍了我们对新冠肺炎期间空气质量变化原因的理解。在此，我们首次采用基于近实时数据的自下而上方法，报告了2020年前8个月中国大陆的人为空气污染物排放。据估计，新冠肺炎封锁在2020年1月至3月期间大幅减少了中国的人为排放，其中2月减少幅度最大。据估计，与2019年同期相比，2020年2月SO2、NOx、CO、NMVOCs和primary PM2.5的排放量分别下降了29%、31%、27%、26%和21%。人为排放的减少主要来自工业部门的SO2和PM2.5，而工业和交通部门对NOx、CO和NMVOCs的贡献大致相等。随着冠状病毒的传播得到控制，中国的人为排放在4月份出现反弹，此后于2020年8月恢复到2019年的可比水平。中国各省的人为排放几乎同步下降和反弹，而湖北和北京周边省份由于封锁措施的延长而恢复较慢。2019 - 2020年的人为排放减少率可通过https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5214920.v1 (Zheng et al.， 2020)按物种、月份、部门和省份获取。
{"title":"Changes in China's anthropogenic emissions during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"B. Zheng, Qiang Zhang, G. Geng, Q. Shi, Y. Lei, K. He","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-355","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns led to a sharp drop in socio-economic activities in China in 2020, including reductions in fossil fuel use, industry productions, and traffic volumes. The short-term impacts of lockdowns on China's air quality have been measured and reported, however, the changes in anthropogenic emissions have not yet been assessed quantitatively, which hinders our understanding of the causes of the air quality changes during COVID-19. Here, for the first time, we report the anthropogenic air pollutant emissions from mainland China during the first eight months of 2020 by using a bottom-up approach based on the near real-time data. The COVID-19 lockdown was estimated to have reduced China's anthropogenic emissions substantially between January and March in 2020, with the largest reductions in February. Emissions of SO2, NOx, CO, NMVOCs, and primary PM2.5 were estimated to have decreased by 29 %, 31 %, 27 %, 26 %, and 21 %, respectively, in February 2020 compared to the same month in 2019. The reductions in anthropogenic emissions were dominated by the industry sector for SO2 and PM2.5 and were contributed approximately equally by the industry and transportation sectors for NOx, CO, and NMVOCs. With the spread of coronavirus controlled, China's anthropogenic emissions rebounded in April and since then returned to the comparable levels of 2019 in August 2020. The provinces in China have presented nearly synchronous decline and rebound in anthropogenic emissions, while Hubei and the provinces surrounding Beijing recovered slower due to the extension of lockdown measures. The reduction ratios of anthropogenic emissions from 2019 to 2020 can be accessed from https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.5214920.v1 (Zheng et al., 2020) by species, month, sector, and province.\u0000","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114273684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Mediterranean raised beaches were subject to Quaternary research since the early years of the 20th century. The uniqueness of a warm-loving molluscs fauna immigrating into the Mediterranean made the coastline a prime subject for studying Quaternary sea-level changes. Today, we have a detailed picture of this historically important coastline characterised by tectonically dormant coastal zone alternating with zones that are subject to subsidence or uplift. As part of the Word Atlas of last interglacial shorelines (WALIS) database we compiled 21 MIS 5e proxies for the for the eastern Mediterranean area available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4274178 (Israel; Sivan and Galili, 2020) and at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4283819 (Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia; Mauz, 2020). All these datapoints are sea-level indicators of variable quality situated between −1 ± 4 m and 7 ± 2 m resulting in a reconstructed MIS 5e palaeo-sea level situated between −1 ± 4 m and 13 ± 10 m.
{"title":"MIS 5e sea-level proxies in the eastern Mediterranean coastal region","authors":"B. Mauz, D. Sivan, E. Galili","doi":"10.5194/essd-2020-357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2020-357","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Mediterranean raised beaches were subject to Quaternary research since the early years of the 20th century. The uniqueness of a warm-loving molluscs fauna immigrating into the Mediterranean made the coastline a prime subject for studying Quaternary sea-level changes. Today, we have a detailed picture of this historically important coastline characterised by tectonically dormant coastal zone alternating with zones that are subject to subsidence or uplift. As part of the Word Atlas of last interglacial shorelines (WALIS) database we compiled 21 MIS 5e proxies for the for the eastern Mediterranean area available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4274178 (Israel; Sivan and Galili, 2020) and at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4283819 (Turkey, Egypt, Tunisia; Mauz, 2020). All these datapoints are sea-level indicators of variable quality situated between −1 ± 4 m and 7 ± 2 m resulting in a reconstructed MIS 5e palaeo-sea level situated between −1 ± 4 m and 13 ± 10 m.","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132404181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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