Abstract. Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) – long and narrow transient corridors of large horizontal moisture flux in the lower troposphere – are known to shape the hydrology of many regions around the globe. Heavy precipitation and flooding are often observed over many mountainous regions when the moisture-rich filaments impinge upon the elevated topographies. Although ARs and their impacts over many mountainous regions are well documented, their existence over the Himalayas and importance to the Himalayan hydrology have received negligible attention in the scientific literature. The Himalayas support more than a billion population in the Indian subcontinent, sustain the region's biodiversity, and play important roles in regulating the global climate. In this study, we develop a comprehensive database of ARs over the Himalayas using the European Reanalysis fifth-generation (ERA5) fields of humidity and winds. The AR database consists of the dates and times of ARs from 1982 to 2018, their duration, major axes, and intensities and categories. We find that majority of intense ARs are associated with extreme precipitation widespread over the Ganga and Indus basins of the Himalayas, suggesting that ARs have profound impacts on the hydrology of the region. The AR database developed here is envisioned to help in exploring the impacts of ARs on the hydrology and ecology of the Himalayas. For this, we provide a few brief future perspectives on AR-Himalayas relationships. The data developed in this study has been uploaded to the Zenodo repository at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451901 (Nayak et al., 2021). The data is also included in the Supplemental Information for easier access.
摘要大气河(ARs)——对流层下层大量水平水汽通量的狭长瞬态走廊——已知影响着全球许多地区的水文。当富含水分的细丝撞击高架地形时，在许多山区经常观测到强降水和洪水。虽然ar及其对许多山区的影响已被充分记录，但它们在喜马拉雅山脉的存在及其对喜马拉雅水文的重要性在科学文献中受到忽略。喜马拉雅山脉供养着印度次大陆超过10亿的人口，维持着该地区的生物多样性，并在调节全球气候方面发挥着重要作用。在这项研究中，我们利用欧洲第五代再分析(ERA5)湿度和风场建立了喜马拉雅地区ARs的综合数据库。AR数据库包括1982年至2018年期间AR的日期和时间、持续时间、主要轴、强度和类别。研究发现，大多数强ar与喜马拉雅恒河和印度河流域的极端降水有关，表明ar对该地区的水文具有深远的影响。在此开发的AR数据库旨在帮助探索AR对喜马拉雅水文和生态的影响。为此，我们提供了一些对未来ar -喜马拉雅关系的简要展望。本研究开发的数据已上传到Zenodo存储库https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451901 (Nayak et al.， 2021)。这些数据也包含在补充信息中，以便于查阅。
{"title":"ERA5-based database of Atmospheric Rivers over Himalayas","authors":"M. Nayak, M. Azam, Rosa Vellosa Lyngwa","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2020-397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2020-397","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Atmospheric Rivers (ARs) – long and narrow transient corridors of large horizontal moisture flux in the lower troposphere – are known to shape the hydrology of many regions around the globe. Heavy precipitation and flooding are often observed over many mountainous regions when the moisture-rich filaments impinge upon the elevated topographies. Although ARs and their impacts over many mountainous regions are well documented, their existence over the Himalayas and importance to the Himalayan hydrology have received negligible attention in the scientific literature. The Himalayas support more than a billion population in the Indian subcontinent, sustain the region's biodiversity, and play important roles in regulating the global climate. In this study, we develop a comprehensive database of ARs over the Himalayas using the European Reanalysis fifth-generation (ERA5) fields of humidity and winds. The AR database consists of the dates and times of ARs from 1982 to 2018, their duration, major axes, and intensities and categories. We find that majority of intense ARs are associated with extreme precipitation widespread over the Ganga and Indus basins of the Himalayas, suggesting that ARs have profound impacts on the hydrology of the region. The AR database developed here is envisioned to help in exploring the impacts of ARs on the hydrology and ecology of the Himalayas. For this, we provide a few brief future perspectives on AR-Himalayas relationships. The data developed in this study has been uploaded to the Zenodo repository at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4451901 (Nayak et al., 2021). The data is also included in the Supplemental Information for easier access.","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133224287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Lapo, A. Freundorfer, A. Fritz, Johann Schneider, Johannes Olesch, W. Babel, Christoph K. Thomas
Abstract. The weak-wind Stable Boundary Layer (wwSBL) is poorly described by theory and breaks basic assumptions necessary for observations of turbulence. Understanding the wwSBL requires distributed observations capable of separating between submeso and turbulent scales. To this end, we present the Large Eddy Observatory, Voitsumra Experiment 2019 (LOVE19) which featured 1350 m of fiber optic distributed sensing (FODS) of air temperature and wind speed, as well as an experimental wind direction method, at scales as fine as 1 s and 0.127 m in addition to a suite of point observations of turbulence and ground-based remote sensing. Additionally, flights with a fiber optic cable attached to a tethered balloon provide an unprecedented detailed view of the boundary layer structure with a resolution of 0.254 m and 10 s between 1–200 m height. Two examples are provided demonstrating the unique capabilities of the LOVE19 data for examining boundary layer processes: 1) FODS observations between 1m and ~200 m height during a period of gravity waves propagating across the entire boundary layer and 2) tracking a near-surface, transient submeso structure that causes an intermittent burst of turbulence. All data can be accessed at Zenodo through the DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312976 (Lapo et al., 2020a).
摘要弱风稳定边界层(wwSBL)的理论描述很差，并且打破了观测湍流所必需的基本假设。了解wssbl需要能够在亚中尺度和湍流尺度之间分离的分布式观测。为此，我们提出了大涡天文台Voitsumra实验2019 (LOVE19)，该实验以1350 m的光纤分布式传感(FODS)为特征，在1 s和0.127 m的尺度上进行气温和风速，以及实验风向方法，此外还有一套湍流点观测和地面遥感。此外，将光纤电缆连接到系留气球上的飞行提供了前所未有的边界层结构详细视图，分辨率为0.254米，在1-200米高度之间为10秒。本文提供了两个例子来证明LOVE19数据在检测边界层过程方面的独特能力:1)在重力波传播整个边界层期间，FODS观测高度在1米至~200米之间;2)跟踪导致间歇性湍流爆发的近地表瞬态亚中尺度结构。所有数据均可通过DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312976 (Lapo et al.， 2020a)在Zenodo访问。
{"title":"The Large-eddy Observatory Voitsumra Experiment 2019\u0000(LOVE19) with high-resolution, spatially-distributed observations of\u0000air temperature, wind speed, and wind direction from fiber-optic\u0000distributed sensing, towers, and ground-based remote sensing","authors":"K. Lapo, A. Freundorfer, A. Fritz, Johann Schneider, Johannes Olesch, W. Babel, Christoph K. Thomas","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2020-392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2020-392","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The weak-wind Stable Boundary Layer (wwSBL) is poorly described by theory and breaks basic assumptions necessary for observations of turbulence. Understanding the wwSBL requires distributed observations capable of separating between submeso and turbulent scales. To this end, we present the Large Eddy Observatory, Voitsumra Experiment 2019 (LOVE19) which featured 1350 m of fiber optic distributed sensing (FODS) of air temperature and wind speed, as well as an experimental wind direction method, at scales as fine as 1 s and 0.127 m in addition to a suite of point observations of turbulence and ground-based remote sensing. Additionally, flights with a fiber optic cable attached to a tethered balloon provide an unprecedented detailed view of the boundary layer structure with a resolution of 0.254 m and 10 s between 1–200 m height. Two examples are provided demonstrating the unique capabilities of the LOVE19 data for examining boundary layer processes: 1) FODS observations between 1m and ~200 m height during a period of gravity waves propagating across the entire boundary layer and 2) tracking a near-surface, transient submeso structure that causes an intermittent burst of turbulence. All data can be accessed at Zenodo through the DOI https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4312976 (Lapo et al., 2020a).\u0000","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"2 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120862066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariel Zeller, Jannis-Michael Huss, Lena Pfister, K. Lapo, Daniela Littmann, Johann Schneider, A. Schulz, Christoph K. Thomas
Abstract. The NY-Alesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment, NYTEFOX, was a field experiment at the Arctic site Ny-Alesund (11.9° E, 78.9° N) and yielded a unique meteorological data set. These data describe the distribution of heat, airflows, and exchange in the Arctic boundary layer for a period of 14 days from 26 February to 10 March 2020. NYTEFOX is the first field experiment to investigate the heterogeneity of airflow and its transport in temperatures, wind, and kinetic energy in the Arctic environment using the Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) technique for horizontal and vertical observations. FODS air temperature and wind speed were observed at a spatial resolution of 0.127 m and 9 s in time along a horizontal array of 700 m at 1 m height above ground level (agl) and along three 7 m vertical profiles. Ancillary data were collected from three sonic anemometers and an acoustic profiler (miniSodar, SOund Detection And Ranging) yielding turbulent flow statistics and vertical profiles in the lowest 300 m agl, respectively. The observations from this field campaign are publicly available on Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335461 ) and supplement the data set operationally collected by the Basic Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) meteorological data set at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.
{"title":"NYTEFOX – The NY-Ålesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment\u0000investigating the Arctic boundary layer, Svalbard","authors":"Mariel Zeller, Jannis-Michael Huss, Lena Pfister, K. Lapo, Daniela Littmann, Johann Schneider, A. Schulz, Christoph K. Thomas","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2021-37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2021-37","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The NY-Alesund TurbulencE Fiber Optic eXperiment, NYTEFOX, was a field experiment at the Arctic site Ny-Alesund (11.9° E, 78.9° N) and yielded a unique meteorological data set. These data describe the distribution of heat, airflows, and exchange in the Arctic boundary layer for a period of 14 days from 26 February to 10 March 2020. NYTEFOX is the first field experiment to investigate the heterogeneity of airflow and its transport in temperatures, wind, and kinetic energy in the Arctic environment using the Fiber-Optic Distributed Sensing (FODS) technique for horizontal and vertical observations. FODS air temperature and wind speed were observed at a spatial resolution of 0.127 m and 9 s in time along a horizontal array of 700 m at 1 m height above ground level (agl) and along three 7 m vertical profiles. Ancillary data were collected from three sonic anemometers and an acoustic profiler (miniSodar, SOund Detection And Ranging) yielding turbulent flow statistics and vertical profiles in the lowest 300 m agl, respectively. The observations from this field campaign are publicly available on Zenodo ( https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4335461 ) and supplement the data set operationally collected by the Basic Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) meteorological data set at Ny-Alesund, Svalbard.","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"367 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125695751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. Clouds and precipitation have vital roles in the global hydrological cycle and the radiation budget of the atmosphere–Earth system and are closely related to both the regional and global climate. Changes in the status of the atmosphere inside clouds and precipitation systems are also important, but the use of multi-source datasets is hampered by their different spatial and temporal resolutions. We merged the precipitation parameters measured by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) with the multi-channel cloud-top radiance measured by the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and atmospheric parameters in the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The merging of pixels between the precipitation parameters and multi-channel cloud-top radiance was shown to be reasonable. The 1B01-2A25 dataset of pixel-merged data (1B01-2A25-PMD) contains cloud parameters for each PR pixel. The 1B01-2A25 gridded dataset (1B01-2A25-GD) was merged spatially with the ERA5 reanalysis data. The statistical results indicate that gridding has no unacceptable influence on the parameters in the 1B01-2A25-PMD. In one orbit, the difference in the mean value of the near-surface rain rate and the signals measured by the VIRS was no more than 0.87 and the standard deviation was no more than 2.38. The 1B01-2A25-GD and ERA5 datasets were spatiotemporally collocated to establish the merged 1B01-2A25 gridded dataset (M-1B01-2A25-GD). Three case studies of typical cloud and precipitation events were analyzed to illustrate the practical use of the M-1B01-2A25-GD. This new merged gridded dataset can be used to study clouds and precipitation systems and provides a perfect opportunity for multi-source data analysis and model simulations. The data which were used in this paper are freely available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4458868 (Sun and Fu,2021).
摘要云和降水在全球水文循环和大气-地球系统的辐射收支中起着至关重要的作用，并且与区域和全球气候密切相关。云和降水系统内部大气状态的变化也很重要，但多源数据集的时空分辨率不同，阻碍了多源数据集的使用。我们将热带降雨测量任务(TRMM)降水雷达(PR)测量的降水参数与ERA5再分析数据集中可见光和红外扫描仪(VIRS)测量的多通道云顶辐射和大气参数进行合并。结果表明，降水参数与多通道云顶辐亮度之间的像元合并是合理的。像素合并数据的1B01-2A25数据集(1B01-2A25- pmd)包含每个PR像素的云参数。将1B01-2A25网格数据集(1B01-2A25- gd)与ERA5再分析数据进行空间合并。统计结果表明，网格化对1B01-2A25-PMD的参数没有不可接受的影响。在同一轨道上，近地表雨率与VIRS观测信号的平均值差值不大于0.87，标准差不大于2.38。将1B01-2A25- gd与ERA5数据集进行时空并置，建立合并后的1B01-2A25网格数据集(M-1B01-2A25-GD)。通过对3个典型云和降水事件的分析，说明了M-1B01-2A25-GD的实际应用。这种新的合并网格数据集可用于云和降水系统的研究，并为多源数据分析和模式模拟提供了完美的机会。本文使用的数据可在http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4458868免费获得(Sun and Fu,2021)。
{"title":"A new merged dataset for analyzing clouds, precipitation \u0000and atmospheric parameters based on ERA5 reanalysis \u0000data and the measurements of TRMM PR and VIRS","authors":"Lilu Sun, Yunfei Fu","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2021-26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2021-26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Clouds and precipitation have vital roles in the global hydrological cycle and the radiation budget of the atmosphere–Earth system and are closely related to both the regional and global climate. Changes in the status of the atmosphere inside clouds and precipitation systems are also important, but the use of multi-source datasets is hampered by their different spatial and temporal resolutions. We merged the precipitation parameters measured by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) with the multi-channel cloud-top radiance measured by the Visible and Infrared Scanner (VIRS) and atmospheric parameters in the ERA5 reanalysis dataset. The merging of pixels between the precipitation parameters and multi-channel cloud-top radiance was shown to be reasonable. The 1B01-2A25 dataset of pixel-merged data (1B01-2A25-PMD) contains cloud parameters for each PR pixel. The 1B01-2A25 gridded dataset (1B01-2A25-GD) was merged spatially with the ERA5 reanalysis data. The statistical results indicate that gridding has no unacceptable influence on the parameters in the 1B01-2A25-PMD. In one orbit, the difference in the mean value of the near-surface rain rate and the signals measured by the VIRS was no more than 0.87 and the standard deviation was no more than 2.38. The 1B01-2A25-GD and ERA5 datasets were spatiotemporally collocated to establish the merged 1B01-2A25 gridded dataset (M-1B01-2A25-GD). Three case studies of typical cloud and precipitation events were analyzed to illustrate the practical use of the M-1B01-2A25-GD. This new merged gridded dataset can be used to study clouds and precipitation systems and provides a perfect opportunity for multi-source data analysis and model simulations. The data which were used in this paper are freely available at http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4458868 (Sun and Fu,2021).","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130753727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lin Zhao, D. Zou, G. Hu, Tonghua Wu, E. Du, Guang-yue Liu, Yaonan Xiao, Ren Li, Q. Pang, Y. Qiao, Xiaodong Wu, Zhe Sun, Zanpin Xing, Y. Sheng, Yonghua Zhao, Jianzong Shi, C. Xie, Lingxiao Wang, Chong Wang, G. Cheng
Abstract. Permafrost is important for the climatic, hydrological, and ecological processes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP). The changing permafrost and its impact have been attracting great attention worldwide never before, and more observational and modeling approaches are need to promote an understanding of permafrost thermal state and climatic conditions on the QXP. However, there were almost no synthesis dataset on the permafrost thermal state and climate background on the QXP, but were sporadically reported in different literatures due to the difficulties to access to and work in this region, where the weather is severe, and environmental conditions are harsh and the topographic and morphological features are complex. In this study, a comprehensive dataset under quality controlled consisting of long-term meteorological, ground temperature, soil moisture and soil temperature data were compiled from an integrated, distributed and multiscale observation network in the permafrost regions of the Cryosphere Research Station on the QXP. Meteorological data were observation by automatic meteorological stations from a comprehensive observation network. The soil temperature and moisture data were collected from an integrated observation system in the active layer. Deep ground temperature was observed from boreholes. These datasets were helpfur for the scientists with multiple study fields (i.e., climate, cryospheric, ecology and hydrology, meteorology science), which will greatly promote the verification, development and improvement of the hydrological model, land surface process model and climate model on the QXP. The datasets are available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center ( https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/789e838e-16ac-4539-bb7e-906217305a1d/ , https://doi.org/10.11888/Geocry.tpdc.271107 ).
{"title":"A synthesis dataset of permafrost thermal state for \u0000the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau, China","authors":"Lin Zhao, D. Zou, G. Hu, Tonghua Wu, E. Du, Guang-yue Liu, Yaonan Xiao, Ren Li, Q. Pang, Y. Qiao, Xiaodong Wu, Zhe Sun, Zanpin Xing, Y. Sheng, Yonghua Zhao, Jianzong Shi, C. Xie, Lingxiao Wang, Chong Wang, G. Cheng","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2021-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2021-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Permafrost is important for the climatic, hydrological, and ecological processes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau (QXP). The changing permafrost and its impact have been attracting great attention worldwide never before, and more observational and modeling approaches are need to promote an understanding of permafrost thermal state and climatic conditions on the QXP. However, there were almost no synthesis dataset on the permafrost thermal state and climate background on the QXP, but were sporadically reported in different literatures due to the difficulties to access to and work in this region, where the weather is severe, and environmental conditions are harsh and the topographic and morphological features are complex. In this study, a comprehensive dataset under quality controlled consisting of long-term meteorological, ground temperature, soil moisture and soil temperature data were compiled from an integrated, distributed and multiscale observation network in the permafrost regions of the Cryosphere Research Station on the QXP. Meteorological data were observation by automatic meteorological stations from a comprehensive observation network. The soil temperature and moisture data were collected from an integrated observation system in the active layer. Deep ground temperature was observed from boreholes. These datasets were helpfur for the scientists with multiple study fields (i.e., climate, cryospheric, ecology and hydrology, meteorology science), which will greatly promote the verification, development and improvement of the hydrological model, land surface process model and climate model on the QXP. The datasets are available from the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center ( https://data.tpdc.ac.cn/en/disallow/789e838e-16ac-4539-bb7e-906217305a1d/ , https://doi.org/10.11888/Geocry.tpdc.271107 ).","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"151 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131108397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. This article describes the unique database of zooplankton collected by the large Juday net in 1984–2013 in the Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk, Japan seas and the North Pacific Ocean: the sources and extent of the information contained therein, its benefits and drawbacks, the first operating experience and prospects. The information in this database has already been used to quantify the inventory of marine biological resources and appraise the waters of the North Pacific. In particular, in 2016, five tabular reference books were created and printed containing the species composition, occurrence and abundance of zooplankton in the surveyed area. The data is aggregated by species, developmental stages, size fractions, regions, vertical layers of water, light and dark time of day, four seasons of the year and perennial periods. This information has recently been verified, corrected, translated into English and from text to digital format to increase its availability to the scientific community worldwide (Volvenko, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448646 ). The substantial volume and high quality of the collated data, along with the information presented in reference books and previously published data on macrofauna and the nutrition of common fish and squid, will enable the next important steps to be taken to understand the Far Eastern seas and the Pacific – one of the most productive and economically important regions of the world ocean. The scope of application of this data is fundamental to the management of marine resources, aquaculture development, nature conservation, and assessment of the damage of various anthropogenic factors on nature.
{"title":"A database of net zooplankton of the Far East seas and adjacent Pacific Ocean waters","authors":"I. Volvenko","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2021-29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2021-29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This article describes the unique database of zooplankton collected by the large Juday net in 1984–2013 in the Chukchi, Bering, Okhotsk, Japan seas and the North Pacific Ocean: the sources and extent of the information contained therein, its benefits and drawbacks, the first operating experience and prospects. The information in this database has already been used to quantify the inventory of marine biological resources and appraise the waters of the North Pacific. In particular, in 2016, five tabular reference books were created and printed containing the species composition, occurrence and abundance of zooplankton in the surveyed area. The data is aggregated by species, developmental stages, size fractions, regions, vertical layers of water, light and dark time of day, four seasons of the year and perennial periods. This information has recently been verified, corrected, translated into English and from text to digital format to increase its availability to the scientific community worldwide (Volvenko, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4448646 ). The substantial volume and high quality of the collated data, along with the information presented in reference books and previously published data on macrofauna and the nutrition of common fish and squid, will enable the next important steps to be taken to understand the Far Eastern seas and the Pacific – one of the most productive and economically important regions of the world ocean. The scope of application of this data is fundamental to the management of marine resources, aquaculture development, nature conservation, and assessment of the damage of various anthropogenic factors on nature.","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116790633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fule Zhang, Jinlong Wang, M. Baskaran, Qiangqiang Zhong, Yali Wang, J. Paatero, Jinzhou Du
Abstract. 7Be and 210Pb air concentration and depositional flux data provide key information on the origins and movements of air masses, as well as deposition processes and residence time of aerosols. After their deposition onto the Earth's surface, they are utilized for tracing soil redistribution processes on land and particle dynamics and mixing processes in the ocean. Here we present a global dataset of air concentration and depositional flux measurements of atmospheric 7Be and 210Pb made by a large number of researchers and laboratories. Data were collected from published papers between 1955 and early 2020. It includes the annual surface air concentrations data of 7Be from 367 sites and of 210Pb from 270 sites, the annual depositional flux of 7Be from 279 sites, and of 210Pb from 602 sites. When available, appropriate metadata have also been summarized, including geographic location, sampling date, methodology, annual precipitation, and references. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521649 (Zhang et al., 2021). The purpose of this paper is to have the published data available in one place for future researchers' public consumption in their research and provide an overview of the scope and nature of this dataset holdings.
摘要/ Abstract摘要:7Be和210Pb空气浓度和沉积通量数据为气团的起源和运动以及气溶胶的沉积过程和停留时间提供了关键信息。在沉积到地球表面后，它们被用来追踪陆地上的土壤再分配过程和海洋中的颗粒动力学和混合过程。本文介绍了由大量研究人员和实验室制作的全球大气浓度和大气7Be和210Pb沉积通量测量数据集。数据收集自1955年至2020年初发表的论文。其中包括367个站点的7Be和270个站点的210Pb年浓度数据，279个站点的7Be年沉积通量和602个站点的210Pb年沉积通量。在可用的情况下，还总结了适当的元数据，包括地理位置、采样日期、方法、年降水量和参考文献。该数据集可从https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521649获取(Zhang et al.， 2021)。本文的目的是在一个地方提供已发表的数据，供未来的研究人员在他们的研究中公开使用，并提供该数据集持有的范围和性质的概述。
{"title":"A comprehensive global dataset of atmospheric 7 Be and 210 Pb measurements: air concentration and depositional flux","authors":"Fule Zhang, Jinlong Wang, M. Baskaran, Qiangqiang Zhong, Yali Wang, J. Paatero, Jinzhou Du","doi":"10.5281/ZENODO.4521649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.4521649","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. 7Be and 210Pb air concentration and depositional flux data provide key information on the origins and movements of air masses, as well as deposition processes and residence time of aerosols. After their deposition onto the Earth's surface, they are utilized for tracing soil redistribution processes on land and particle dynamics and mixing processes in the ocean. Here we present a global dataset of air concentration and depositional flux measurements of atmospheric 7Be and 210Pb made by a large number of researchers and laboratories. Data were collected from published papers between 1955 and early 2020. It includes the annual surface air concentrations data of 7Be from 367 sites and of 210Pb from 270 sites, the annual depositional flux of 7Be from 279 sites, and of 210Pb from 602 sites. When available, appropriate metadata have also been summarized, including geographic location, sampling date, methodology, annual precipitation, and references. The dataset is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4521649 (Zhang et al., 2021). The purpose of this paper is to have the published data available in one place for future researchers' public consumption in their research and provide an overview of the scope and nature of this dataset holdings.","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125840252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jichong Han, Zhao Zhang, Yuchuan Luo, Juan Cao, Liangliang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ziyue Li
Abstract. As a major oilseed crop, large-scale and high-resolution maps of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are critical for predicting annual production and ensuring global energy security. However, such free maps are still unavailable in large areas. We designed a new pixel- and phenology-based algorithm and produced a new data product for rapeseed planting area (2017–2019) over 33 countries at 10-m spatial resolution based on the multiple data. The product showed a good consistence (R2 = 0.88) with the official statistics (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, FAO) at national level. Rapeseed maps achieved at least 0.81 F1-scores of spatial consistency when comparing with the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) of America, Annual Crop Inventory (ACI) in Canada and Crop Map of England (CROME) in England. Moreover, their F1-scores ranged 0.84–0.92 based on the independent validation samples, implying a good consistency with ground truth. Furthermore, we found that rapeseed crop rotation is ≥2 years in almost all countries. Our derived maps with high accuracy suggest the robustness of pixel- and phenology-based algorithm in identifying rapeseed over large regions with various climate and landscapes. The derived rapeseed planting areas freely downloaded can be applied to predict rapeseed production and optimize planting structure. The product is available publicly at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ydf3m7pd4j.3 (Han et al., 2021).
摘要作为一种主要的油料作物，油菜(Brassica napus L.)的大尺度和高分辨率地图对于预测年产量和确保全球能源安全至关重要。然而，这种免费地图在大部分地区仍然无法使用。我们设计了一种新的基于像元和物候的算法，并基于多个数据生成了一个新的10 m空间分辨率的33个国家油菜籽种植面积(2017-2019)数据产品。产品与联合国粮农组织(FAO)国家官方统计数据具有良好的一致性(R2 = 0.88)。与美国的耕地数据层(CDL)、加拿大的年度作物清单(ACI)和英国的作物地图(CROME)相比，油菜图的空间一致性至少达到0.81 f1。在独立验证样本的基础上，他们的f1得分在0.84-0.92之间，与基础事实的一致性较好。此外，我们发现几乎所有国家的油菜籽轮作≥2年。我们的衍生地图具有很高的精度，这表明基于像素和物候的算法在识别具有不同气候和景观的大面积油菜籽方面具有鲁棒性。可自由下载得到的油菜籽种植面积可用于油菜籽产量预测和种植结构优化。该产品可在http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ydf3m7pd4j.3公开获取(Han et al.， 2021)。
{"title":"Data for: Developing a phenology- and pixel-based algorithm for mapping rapeseed at 10m spatial resolution using multi-source data","authors":"Jichong Han, Zhao Zhang, Yuchuan Luo, Juan Cao, Liangliang Zhang, Jing Zhang, Ziyue Li","doi":"10.17632/YDF3M7PD4J.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17632/YDF3M7PD4J.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. As a major oilseed crop, large-scale and high-resolution maps of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) are critical for predicting annual production and ensuring global energy security. However, such free maps are still unavailable in large areas. We designed a new pixel- and phenology-based algorithm and produced a new data product for rapeseed planting area (2017–2019) over 33 countries at 10-m spatial resolution based on the multiple data. The product showed a good consistence (R2 = 0.88) with the official statistics (Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, FAO) at national level. Rapeseed maps achieved at least 0.81 F1-scores of spatial consistency when comparing with the Cropland Data Layer (CDL) of America, Annual Crop Inventory (ACI) in Canada and Crop Map of England (CROME) in England. Moreover, their F1-scores ranged 0.84–0.92 based on the independent validation samples, implying a good consistency with ground truth. Furthermore, we found that rapeseed crop rotation is ≥2 years in almost all countries. Our derived maps with high accuracy suggest the robustness of pixel- and phenology-based algorithm in identifying rapeseed over large regions with various climate and landscapes. The derived rapeseed planting areas freely downloaded can be applied to predict rapeseed production and optimize planting structure. The product is available publicly at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ydf3m7pd4j.3 (Han et al., 2021).","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122340805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Ghilain, S. Vannitsem, Q. Dalaiden, H. Goosse, Lesley de Cruz, Wenguang Wei
Abstract. The surface mass balance (SMB) over the Antarctic Ice Sheet displays large temporal and spatial variations. Due to the complex Antarctic topography, modelling the climate at high resolution is crucial to accurately represent the dynamics of SMB. While ice core records provide a means to infer the SMB over centuries, the view is very spatially constrained. General circulation models (GCMs) estimate its spatial distribution over centuries, but with a resolution that is too coarse to capture the large variations due to local orographic effects. We have therefore explored a methodology to statistically downscale snowfall accumulation, the primary driver of SMB, from climate model historical simulations (1850–present day) over the coastal region of Dronning Maud Land. An analog method is set up over a period of 30 years with the ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses (1979–2010 AD) and associated with snowfall daily accumulation forecasts from the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO2.3) at 5.5 km spatial resolution over Dronning Maud in East Antarctica. The same method is then applied to the period from 1850 to present day using an ensemble of ten members from the CESM2 model. This method enables to derive a spatial distribution of the accumulation of snowfall, the principal driver of the SMB variability over the region. A new dataset of daily and yearly snowfall accumulation based on this methodology is presented in this paper (MASS2ANT dataset, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4287517, Ghilain et al. (2021)), along with comparisons with ice core data and available spatial reconstructions. It offers a more detailed spatio-temporal view of the changes over the past 150 years compared to other available datasets, allowing a possible connection with the ice core records, and provides information that may be useful in identifying the large-scale patterns associated to the local precipitation conditions and their changes over the past century.
摘要南极冰盖表面物质平衡(SMB)表现出较大的时空变化。由于南极地形复杂，高分辨率的气候模拟对于准确表征SMB的动态至关重要。虽然冰芯记录提供了一种推断几个世纪以来SMB的方法，但这种观点在空间上受到很大限制。一般环流模式(GCMs)估计了几个世纪以来的空间分布，但其分辨率太粗，无法捕捉到由于局部地形影响而产生的大变化。因此，我们从Dronning Maud地沿海地区的气候模式历史模拟(1850年至今)中探索了一种统计上缩小SMB主要驱动因素降雪积累的方法。利用ERA-Interim和ERA5再分析(1979-2010年)建立了一个30年的模拟方法，并结合了区域大气气候模式(RACMO2.3)在东南极洲Dronning Maud地区5.5 km空间分辨率的降雪日累积预报。然后使用CESM2模型的10个成员的集合，将同样的方法应用于从1850年到现在的时期。这种方法能够推导出降雪积累的空间分布，降雪积累是该地区SMB变率的主要驱动因素。本文提出了基于该方法的日和年降雪量新数据集(MASS2ANT数据集，https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4287517, Ghilain et al.(2021))，并与冰芯数据和可用空间重建数据进行了比较。与其他现有数据集相比，它提供了过去150年变化的更详细的时空视图，允许与冰芯记录的可能联系，并提供了可能有助于确定与过去一个世纪的当地降水条件及其变化相关的大尺度模式的信息。
{"title":"Reconstruction of daily snowfall accumulation at 5.5 km resolution\u0000over Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, from 1850 to 2014 using an\u0000analog-based downscaling technique","authors":"N. Ghilain, S. Vannitsem, Q. Dalaiden, H. Goosse, Lesley de Cruz, Wenguang Wei","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2021-12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2021-12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The surface mass balance (SMB) over the Antarctic Ice Sheet displays large temporal and spatial variations. Due to the complex Antarctic topography, modelling the climate at high resolution is crucial to accurately represent the dynamics of SMB. While ice core records provide a means to infer the SMB over centuries, the view is very spatially constrained. General circulation models (GCMs) estimate its spatial distribution over centuries, but with a resolution that is too coarse to capture the large variations due to local orographic effects. We have therefore explored a methodology to statistically downscale snowfall accumulation, the primary driver of SMB, from climate model historical simulations (1850–present day) over the coastal region of Dronning Maud Land. An analog method is set up over a period of 30 years with the ERA-Interim and ERA5 reanalyses (1979–2010 AD) and associated with snowfall daily accumulation forecasts from the Regional Atmospheric Climate Model (RACMO2.3) at 5.5 km spatial resolution over Dronning Maud in East Antarctica. The same method is then applied to the period from 1850 to present day using an ensemble of ten members from the CESM2 model. This method enables to derive a spatial distribution of the accumulation of snowfall, the principal driver of the SMB variability over the region. A new dataset of daily and yearly snowfall accumulation based on this methodology is presented in this paper (MASS2ANT dataset, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4287517, Ghilain et al. (2021)), along with comparisons with ice core data and available spatial reconstructions. It offers a more detailed spatio-temporal view of the changes over the past 150 years compared to other available datasets, allowing a possible connection with the ice core records, and provides information that may be useful in identifying the large-scale patterns associated to the local precipitation conditions and their changes over the past century.\u0000","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125993874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. This study presents a dataset on seasonal soils sampling from September 2016 to May 2018 in the southern part of the Central Forest Reserve (SE Valdai Hills) within a catena with Endocalcaric Albic Glossic Stagnic Profondic Retisols (Cutanic, Loamic) and Albic Gleyic Histic Retisols (Cutanic, Loamic) under coniferous-deciduous forest (Tilia cordata, Picea abies, Acer platanoides) on loess-like loams underlain by carbonate moraine deposits. 152 soil samples were taken to define total concentration of 67 chemical elements (ChEs), content of three mobile fractions (exchangeable, bound within organo-mineral complexes, bound with Fe and Mn hydroxides) of 69 ChEs and content of residual fraction, including macro elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Ti, S, Si), heavy metals (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, U, V, Zn), trace elements (Ag, As, B, Be, Bi, Br, Cd, Cs, Ge, Hf, Li, Mo, Nb, Pd, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Ta, Te, Tl,W, Zr) and rare earth elements (Ce, Er, Eu, Gd, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Tm, Dy, Ho, Y, Yb). We measured pH-value, total organic carbon content (TOC), seven particle-size classes ( The dataset is available from Mendeley Data ( http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/r29psg69z7.1 , Enchilik et al., 2020) and will be further updated.
摘要本研究提供了2016年9月至2018年5月在中央森林保护区南部(东南瓦尔代丘陵)的季节性土壤采样数据集，该数据集位于碳酸盐冰碛沉积物下的针叶林(椴、云杉、云杉槭)下的一个具有内质alicic glossiic Profondic Retisols(皮肤、Loamic)和Albic Gleyic hatistic Retisols(皮肤、Loamic)的连带内。152份土壤样本被送往定义总浓度67化学元素(;痒),内容的三个移动分数(可交换,在有机复合物,用铁和锰氢氧化物)69;痒,剩余部分的内容,包括宏观元素(铝、钙、铁、钾、镁、锰、钠、磷、钛、年代,Si),重金属(Ba、Co、铬、铜、镍、铅、Rb, Sr, Th, U, V,锌),微量元素(Ag), B, Bi, Br, Cd, Cs,通用电气,高频,李莫,Nb, Pd,某人,Sc, Se, Sn,助教,Te, Tl, W,Zr)和稀土元素(Ce、Er、Eu、Gd、La、Lu、Nd、Pr、Sm、Tb、Tm、Dy、Ho、Y、Yb)。我们测量了ph值，总有机碳含量(TOC)，七种粒径类别(数据集来自Mendeley Data (http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/r29psg69z7.1, Enchilik et al.， 2020)，并将进一步更新。
{"title":"Data on the elemental composition (mobile fractions and total\u0000content) of soils in catena at the SE Valdai Hills, Russia","authors":"P. Enchilik, I. Semenkov, N. Kasimov","doi":"10.5194/ESSD-2020-309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5194/ESSD-2020-309","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. This study presents a dataset on seasonal soils sampling from September 2016 to May 2018 in the southern part of the Central Forest Reserve (SE Valdai Hills) within a catena with Endocalcaric Albic Glossic Stagnic Profondic Retisols (Cutanic, Loamic) and Albic Gleyic Histic Retisols (Cutanic, Loamic) under coniferous-deciduous forest (Tilia cordata, Picea abies, Acer platanoides) on loess-like loams underlain by carbonate moraine deposits. 152 soil samples were taken to define total concentration of 67 chemical elements (ChEs), content of three mobile fractions (exchangeable, bound within organo-mineral complexes, bound with Fe and Mn hydroxides) of 69 ChEs and content of residual fraction, including macro elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Ti, S, Si), heavy metals (Ba, Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Th, U, V, Zn), trace elements (Ag, As, B, Be, Bi, Br, Cd, Cs, Ge, Hf, Li, Mo, Nb, Pd, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Ta, Te, Tl,W, Zr) and rare earth elements (Ce, Er, Eu, Gd, La, Lu, Nd, Pr, Sm, Tb, Tm, Dy, Ho, Y, Yb). We measured pH-value, total organic carbon content (TOC), seven particle-size classes ( The dataset is available from Mendeley Data ( http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/r29psg69z7.1 , Enchilik et al., 2020) and will be further updated.","PeriodicalId":326085,"journal":{"name":"Earth System Science Data Discussions","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129938825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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