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CAPITAL ADEQUACY AND DEPOSIT MONEY BANK'S RETURN ON ASSET (ROA) IN NIGERIA 尼日利亚存款银行的资本充足率和资产回报率(roa)
Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.51594/farj.v4i1.284
Adeoti, Bankole Isaac Akinroluyo,
This study investigated capital adequacy and Deposit Money Bank's (DMB) Return on Asset (ROA) in Nigeria in which the effect of capital to asset ratio on bank's profit margin and the relationship between solvency and asset turnover was examined. The study population of the study comprised Nigeria deposit money banks listed on the floor of Nigeria Stock Exchange as at 2021. Sample of bank selected was Zenith Plc, Guaranty Trust Bank Plc (GTB), First Bank Nigeria Limited, Access Bank Plc, and United Bank for Africa Plc based on global ranking order and the fact that they are listed on Nigeria Stock Exchange. To determine the effect of capital adequacy on banks performance, Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression model was employed the data collected within the period of 2006-2020. The findings of this study revealed coefficient of 0.080034 implies 1% change in capital to asset ratio would lead to 8% increase change in profit margin ratio and p-value of 0.042223 shows that CTA has statistical significant effect on profit margin of the selected banks within the period under study; coefficient of 0.04587 implies 1% change in solvency would lead to 4.58% change in asset turnover of the selected DMBs under the period studied, p-value of 0.0000611 shows that SOLV has statistical significant relationship with ATU of the selected banks within the period under study.  The study recommends bank decision makers should give consideration for its solvency status and capital to asset ratio when investigating factors affecting bank’s actualization objective.  In addition, DMBs in Nigeria should ensure that they maintain above minimum capital to asset ratio level in order to guarantee an efficient profit margin. Also, the ability of DMBs to meet their short and medium term financial obligations must be fortified in order to keep the performance at per.Keywords: Capital Adequacy, Return on Asset, Capital to Asset Ratio, Solvency, Profit Margin and Asset Turnover.
本研究调查了尼日利亚的资本充足率和存款货币银行(DMB)的资产收益率(ROA),其中资本与资产比率对银行利润率的影响以及偿付能力与资产周转率之间的关系。该研究的研究对象包括截至2021年在尼日利亚证券交易所上市的尼日利亚存款银行。根据全球排名顺序和在尼日利亚证券交易所上市的事实,选择的银行样本是Zenith Plc, Guaranty Trust bank Plc (GTB), First bank Nigeria Limited, Access bank Plc和United bank for Africa Plc。为了确定资本充足率对银行绩效的影响,本文采用普通最小二乘(OLS)回归模型对2006-2020年期间收集的数据进行回归分析。本研究结果表明,系数为0.080034意味着资本资产比率变化1%将导致利润率变化8%,p值为0.042223表明CTA对所选银行在研究期间的利润率有统计学显著影响;系数为0.04587意味着偿债能力变化1%将导致所选银行在研究期间的资产周转率变化4.58%,p值为0.0000611表明所选银行在研究期间的SOLV与ATU有统计学显著关系。研究建议银行决策者在考察影响银行实现目标的因素时,应考虑银行的偿付能力状况和资本资产比率。此外,尼日利亚的dmb应确保其资本与资产比率保持在最低水平以上,以保证有效的利润率。此外,必须加强管理部门履行其短期和中期财务义务的能力,以保持业绩良好。关键词:资本充足率,资产收益率,资本资产比率,偿付能力,利润率和资产周转率。
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引用次数: 2
DETERMINANTS OF MORTGAGE LOAN REPAYMENT IN GHANA 加纳抵押贷款偿还的决定因素
Pub Date : 2021-12-19 DOI: 10.51594/farj.v3i4.266
Justice Agyei Ampofo, I. Mantey
The housing deficit in Ghana is an issue of concern for all. This study sought to analyse the determinants of the repayment of mortgage loans in Ghana. The study used both secondary and primary data. The mixed-method approach was used for the study. The data collection instruments were interviews, focus group discussions and questionnaires. The study revealed that socio-demographic characteristics of respondents, sex distribution of respondents, educational level of respondents, marital status of respondents, occupational status of respondents, household size of respondents, the income of respondents are some of the factors that affect the repayment of mortgage loans in Ghana. The study revealed that borrowers who earned higher income had a better repayment performance as compared to low income earning borrowers. In addition, higher household sizes have lower repayment capacity and lower household sizes have higher repayment capacity. The study recommends that the government of Ghana should institute state bodies responsible for providing liquidity to mortgages and mortgage properties and buying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates is a way of creating a secondary mortgage market for the Ghanaian mortgage industry.Keywords:  Determinants, Mortgage, Repayment, Ghana.
加纳的住房赤字是所有人都关心的问题。本研究试图分析加纳抵押贷款偿还的决定因素。该研究同时使用了二手和原始数据。本研究采用混合方法。数据收集手段是访谈、焦点小组讨论和问卷调查。研究表明,受访者的社会人口特征、受访者的性别分布、受访者的教育水平、受访者的婚姻状况、受访者的职业状况、受访者的家庭规模、受访者的收入是影响加纳抵押贷款偿还的一些因素。研究显示,与低收入借款人相比,收入较高的借款人有更好的还款表现。此外,家庭规模越大,还款能力越低,家庭规模越小,还款能力越高。该研究建议,加纳政府应设立国家机构,负责为抵押贷款和抵押房产提供流动性,并在利率上升期间购买抵押贷款,这是为加纳抵押贷款行业创建二级抵押贷款市场的一种方式。关键词:决定因素,抵押贷款,还款,加纳。
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引用次数: 0
BEHAVIOUR OF STOCK MARKET DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE MALAYSIAN EXPERIENCE 2019冠状病毒病大流行期间的股市行为:马来西亚的经验
Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.51594/farj.v3i4.276
Noorzalina Ghazali, M. Marimuthu
The COVID-19 outbreak was triggered in Wuhan, China in December 2019. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a public health emergency in January 2020. The literature shows that the COVID-19 pandemic slowed the Malaysian economy. According to the World Bank, Malaysia GDP is USD336.7 bill in 2020, USD 364.7 bill in 2019, a USD28bill reduction or 7.67%. The Malaysian government is trying to address this scenario, it is important to establish and apply expansionary fiscal measures. The dread of the virus's danger has caused people to cease living, working, socializing, doing business, and the other normal activities. Economic consequences are very unclear, making it difficult to take adequate steps to reverse the downward economic trend. The present research analyses the potential economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Malaysian economy using a systematic review approach. Also, econometric study to determine the degree of integration between the FBMKLI and the COVID-19 daily infected cases. The findings show the relationship between COVID-19 infected cases and the performance of the FBMKLI. Keywords: COVID-19, FBMKLI, Correlation, Malaysia, Systematic Review, Granger causality.
新冠肺炎疫情于2019年12月在中国武汉爆发。世界卫生组织(世卫组织)已于2020年1月宣布进入公共卫生紧急状态。文献显示,COVID-19大流行减缓了马来西亚的经济。根据世界银行的数据,马来西亚2020年的GDP为336.7美元,2019年为364.7美元,减少了28美元,减少了7.67%。马来西亚政府正试图解决这一问题,重要的是建立和实施扩张性财政措施。对病毒危险的恐惧使人们停止了生活、工作、社交、经商和其他正常活动。经济后果非常不明朗,因此很难采取适当措施扭转经济下行趋势。本研究采用系统评估方法分析了COVID-19大流行对马来西亚经济的潜在经济影响。此外,还进行了计量经济学研究,以确定FBMKLI与COVID-19每日感染病例之间的整合程度。研究结果显示了COVID-19感染病例与FBMKLI绩效之间的关系。关键词:COVID-19, FBMKLI,相关性,马来西亚,系统评价,格兰杰因果关系。
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引用次数: 0
TAX RISES IMPACT ON THE SPENDING PATTERN OF THE POPULATION IN GREATER ACCRA REGION OF GHANA 税收增加对加纳大阿克拉地区人口消费模式的影响
Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.51594/farj.v3i3.242
I. Mantey, A. Frempong, Christopher Lartei Aryee, Justice Agyei Ampofo
The study was aimed at examining the role of high tax rises on the spending patterns of the people in Accra township of Ghana. The research gathered data from both secondary and primary sources and used the quantitative research method approach. The key instruments used for the data collection was questionnaire. In all seventy (70) respondents were selected for the study comprising thirty five (35) people from Accra township and thirty five (35) University of Ghana students. The study found out that taxation is very good for nation building since the allocation of funds depends upon the collection of taxes and the government used that revenue for specific purposes. This has a direct economic impact on the socio economic development of Ghana. The study found out that there is a fairly strong relationship between people spending and high tax rises. That is to say the study found out that when tax is high it affects people spending negatively especially the poor because it reduces their income levels, put a tax burden on them, it increases their expenditure and it also increases poverty. The study found out that to be able to ensure effectiveness and efficiency in our tax system it is essential to strike the right balance between designing an attractive tax, there must be transparency and effectiveness in the tax system, tax reform needs to be promoted to widen the tax base and bring a larger part of the population into the formal economy and also tax must reduce excessive reliance on aid and offers a path away from unsustainable revenue streams  It is recommended that the government of Ghana should structure the tax based system in a way that there is no inequality in the payment by the poor and the rich and also the people of Ghana should understand the importance of taxation for the development of Ghana and hence there should not be invasion of tax since tax brought to light the importance of tax.Keywords: Tax, Spending Pattern, Population, Greater Accra Region, Ghana.
这项研究的目的是研究高税收对加纳阿克拉镇居民消费模式的影响。本研究收集了二手和一手资料,并采用了定量研究方法。数据收集的主要工具是问卷调查。在所有七十(70)名受访者中,研究人员选择了来自阿克拉镇的三十五(35)人和三十五(35)名加纳大学的学生。该研究发现,税收对国家建设非常有利,因为资金的分配取决于税收的征收,政府将税收用于特定目的。这对加纳的社会经济发展产生了直接的经济影响。研究发现,人们的支出与高税率之间存在相当密切的关系。也就是说,研究发现,当税收高时,它会对人们的消费产生负面影响,尤其是穷人,因为它降低了他们的收入水平,给他们带来了税收负担,增加了他们的支出,也增加了贫困。研究发现,为了确保我们的税收制度的有效性和效率,必须在以下方面取得适当的平衡:设计一个有吸引力的税收,必须在税收制度中保持透明度和有效性;税收改革需要提升为扩大税基,带来一个更大的人口进入正规经济的一部分,也必须减少税收过度依赖援助和提供了一个路径远离不可持续的收入来源建议加纳政府应该结构为基础的税收系统,没有不平等在穷人和富人和付款同时加纳人民应该理解税收的重要性对加纳和的发展因此,既然税收揭示了税收的重要性,就不应该有税收的入侵。关键词:税收,消费模式,人口,大阿克拉地区,加纳。
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引用次数: 0
CREDIT ACCESSING AND FAMILY FARMING: AN EVIDENCE FROM BURKINA FASO 信贷获取与家庭农业:来自布基纳法索的证据
Pub Date : 2021-07-23 DOI: 10.51594/FARJ.V3I2.237
Mahamadi Nanéma, Dr. Théophile Bindeouè Nassè, Pr. Alidou Ouédraogo
This research focuses on the issue of financing family farms in Burkina Faso. To this end, a survey of 275 family farms was carried out in 2020. The research results revealed that the needs of family farms are not completely satisfied. The credits granted mainly concern small amounts. Productive investments which constitute medium and long-term investments capable of inducing significant improvements in agricultural production are almost unsatisfactory. Moreover, analyzes have shown that income determines access to credit. This factor reflects at a certain level the capacity of family farmers to provide the financial guarantees required by microfinance institutions.The current conditions of banks do not favor the development of the agricultural sector and the improvement of the living conditions of the populations in rural areas. It is, therefore, necessary to rethink the financing of agricultural activities and to define a long-lasting and sustainable financing mechanism.Keywords: Credit Accessing, Family Farming, Financing, Burkina Faso.
本研究的重点是布基纳法索家庭农场的融资问题。为此,2020年对275个家庭农场进行了调查。研究结果显示,家庭农场的需求并没有完全得到满足。发放的信贷主要是小额的。能够显著改善农业生产的中期和长期生产性投资几乎不能令人满意。此外,分析表明,收入决定了获得信贷的机会。这一因素在一定程度上反映了家庭农民提供小额信贷机构所要求的财政担保的能力。银行目前的状况不利于农业部门的发展和农村人口生活条件的改善。因此,有必要重新考虑农业活动的筹资问题,并确定一个持久和可持续的筹资机制。关键词:信贷获取,家庭农业,融资,布基纳法索。
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引用次数: 1
INTERNAL AUDIT AND QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTING IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE CASE OF UNIVERSITY FOR DEVELOPMENT STUDIES 公共部门财务报告的内部审计和质量:以发展研究大学为例
Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.51594/FARJ.V3I1.231
Iddrisu Abdulai, Andrews Salakpi, Théophile Bindeouè Nassè
Many corporate failures have occurred over the years as a result of poor financial reporting practices that have eluded investors and other consumers of financial data. The research used the University for Development Studies (UDS) as a case study. The study focused on three main goals: identifying emerging determinants of quality financial reporting, examining the efficacy and adequacy of UDS's internal control structure, and determining how much Internal Audit contributes to quality financial reporting. The research used a descriptive survey template and a sample size of 70 people who were chosen using purposive and stratified sampling techniques. To achieve objectives one and two, the analysis used binary regression, while to achieve objective three, the Best (2005) index was updated and used. Financial reporting accuracy, a computerized accounting system, and personnel competence were found to be determinants of quality financial reporting in the study. It was discovered that UDS' internal control system is ineffective since two of the five main components that make up an efficient internal control system, namely control environment and information and communication, are not properly implemented. The study found that UDS' internal audit reflects an average level of fraud prevention in terms of the robustness of auditing processes and fraud prevention indicators, with the remaining indicators indicating a high level of fraud prevention. Overall, UDS' internal auditing reveals a high degree of prevention. The University for Development Studies (UDS) should analyze, define, and enforce control setting, information, and communication components of the internal control system that are appropriate for their work processes, as well as enhance the existing components, according to the report. Keywords: Internal Audit, Financial Reporting, Public Sector, Ghana.
多年来,由于糟糕的财务报告做法,投资者和其他财务数据消费者都没有注意到,导致许多公司倒闭。该研究以发展研究大学(UDS)为案例研究对象。研究集中在三个主要目标上:确定高质量财务报告的新决定因素,检查UDS内部控制结构的有效性和充分性,以及确定内部审计对高质量财务报告的贡献程度。该研究使用了描述性调查模板和70人的样本量,这些人是通过有目的和分层抽样技术选择的。为了实现目标一和目标二,分析使用了二元回归,而为了实现目标三,更新并使用了Best(2005)指数。财务报告的准确性,电算化会计系统和人员能力被发现是研究中财务报告质量的决定因素。我们发现,UDS的内部控制制度是无效的,因为在构成有效内部控制制度的五个主要组成部分中,控制环境和信息沟通没有得到很好的实施。研究发现,在审计流程稳健性和防欺诈指标方面,UDS内部审计的防欺诈水平处于平均水平,其余指标表明UDS内部审计的防欺诈水平较高。从整体上看,UDS的内部审计防范程度较高。报告指出,发展研究大学(UDS)应分析、定义和实施适合其工作流程的内部控制系统的控制设置、信息和通信组件,并加强现有组件。关键词:内部审计,财务报告,公共部门,加纳
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引用次数: 4
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CRUDE OIL PRICES AND STOCK MARKET: THE INDIAN CASE 原油价格与股市的关系:以印度为例
Pub Date : 2020-06-22 DOI: 10.51594/FARJ.V2I1.98
Premkumar Rajnathan
Crude oil is influencing every productivity activity of human life either directly or indirectly. The prices of crude oil also influence the international financial markets. This influence connects the oil market with that of capital market since stock market provides it necessary resources for investment and financing the production. In this study, the objective was to test the relationship between crude oil prices and selected sectors of Indian economy. Furthermore, the study also tests the effects of international crude oil prices on the Indian stock exchange market. The main objective was to test the conditional correlation of the crude oil price and equity returns of selected sectors of the Indian economy as well as the performance indicators of the Indian stock market using bivariate volatility models.
原油正直接或间接地影响着人类生活的每一项生产力活动。原油价格也影响着国际金融市场。这种影响将石油市场与资本市场联系在一起,因为股票市场为石油生产提供了必要的投资和融资资源。在这项研究中,目的是测试原油价格与印度经济选定部门之间的关系。此外,研究还检验了国际原油价格对印度证券交易所市场的影响。主要目的是使用双变量波动率模型检验原油价格与印度经济选定部门的股票回报以及印度股票市场的业绩指标之间的条件相关性。
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引用次数: 0
STUDY OF CONNECTION BETWEEN STOCK MARKET AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE IN MALAYSIAN CONTEXT 马来西亚背景下股票市场与经济表现的关系研究
Pub Date : 2020-03-05 DOI: 10.51594/FARJ.V2I2.107
Ngee Derk
The focus of the study is to test the stock market performance influence on the economic growth for time series for the period of 2002 to 2018 on quarterly basis. In this study, the performance measures included standard deviation which is measure of volatility, total value traded shared as measure of liquidity, turnover ratio as measure of liquidity, and stock market capitalization ratio as a measure of the size. The focus of the study is the Malaysian stock exchange market. The study utilized real GDP as an indicator of economic growth. The exchange rate and the interest rates are used as control variables. The study used Vector Autoregressive model and the Granger causality test are utilized for finding the directional relationship between the stock market and economic growth connection. Results states that variables are statistically insignificant and there is no meaningful relationship found.
本研究的重点是在季度基础上检验2002 - 2018年时间序列股票市场表现对经济增长的影响。在本研究中,绩效指标包括衡量波动性的标准差,衡量流动性的交易总额,衡量流动性的换手率,以及衡量规模的股票市值率。研究的重点是马来西亚证券交易所市场。该研究利用实际GDP作为经济增长的指标。汇率和利率作为控制变量。本研究采用向量自回归模型和格兰杰因果检验来寻找股票市场与经济增长联系的方向性关系。结果表明,变量在统计上不显著,没有发现有意义的关系。
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引用次数: 2
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Finance & Accounting Research Journal
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