Information Modeling in the New Millennium最新文献

英文中文

Information Models for Document Engineering 文档工程的信息模型

Information Modeling in the New Millennium

Pub Date : 2001-05-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-878289-77-3.ch014

J. Thom

INTRODUCTION Software engineers develop an information model in the systems analysis and design process to represent the concepts, specification or implementation design of a software system (Fowler and Scott, 1997). This information model is designed using a modeling language such as the Unified Modeling Language (UML) defined by Rumbaugh, Jacobson, and Booch (1999). The software is implemented by translating the information model into code. Similarly, data engineers develop an information model in the database design process to represented the types of data to be stored in a database. This conceptual information model is typically defined using one of the semantic data modeling languages (Hull and King, 1987) such as Entity-Relationship diagrams (Chen, 1976), or NIAM conceptual schemas (Leung and Nijssen, 1988). The database is implemented by translating the information model into a database schema (defined using an implementation data model such as the relational data model or an object-oriented data model). Likewise, document engineers will develop an information model when designing the structure of a collection of documents. This information model will be implemented by translating it into a document schema. Traditional database information modeling has dealt with structured data such as that found in relational databases. However, much of the information produced using and stored in computers involves documents that do not contain data with a fixed structure rather it is referred to as semi-structured data. The need for better modeling of documents is no more apparent than in the rapid and chaotic development over the last few years of the World Wide Web. In response to this need, various information models have been proposed to model the semi-structured data found in documents.

软件工程师在系统分析和设计过程中开发信息模型来表示软件系统的概念、规范或实现设计(Fowler and Scott, 1997)。这个信息模型是使用一种建模语言设计的，比如Rumbaugh、Jacobson和Booch(1999)定义的统一建模语言(UML)。该软件是通过将信息模型转换为代码来实现的。类似地，数据工程师在数据库设计过程中开发信息模型来表示要存储在数据库中的数据类型。这种概念信息模型通常使用语义数据建模语言之一(Hull and King, 1987)来定义，例如实体关系图(Chen, 1976)或NIAM概念模式(Leung and Nijssen, 1988)。通过将信息模型转换为数据库模式(使用实现数据模型(如关系数据模型或面向对象数据模型)定义)来实现数据库。同样，文档工程师在设计文档集合的结构时将开发信息模型。此信息模型将通过将其转换为文档模式来实现。传统的数据库信息建模处理的是结构化数据，如关系数据库中的数据。然而，使用计算机产生和存储在计算机中的大部分信息涉及不包含具有固定结构的数据的文档，而将其称为半结构化数据。对更好的文档建模的需求在过去几年万维网的快速和混乱的发展中是显而易见的。为了满足这一需求，已经提出了各种信息模型来对文档中的半结构化数据进行建模。

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引用次数: 0

HMT: Modeling Interactive and Adaptive Hypermedia Applications HMT:建模交互和自适应超媒体应用程序

Information Modeling in the New Millennium

Pub Date : 2001-05-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-878289-77-3.ch020

P. Zoller

引用次数: 6

An Environment for Managing Enterprise Domain Ontology 企业领域本体管理环境

Information Modeling in the New Millennium

Pub Date : 2001-05-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-878289-77-3.ch008

Z. Cui, M. Cox, Dean M. Jones

With the advent of the Internet and electronic commerce, future business services will be jointly offered by autonomous and collaborating units or software agents within or across company boundaries through negotiation and information exchange over a distributed data network. The key is to have collaborative information systems that help with access to information, support decision making and aid in task execution. Although the information systems may already exist to provide the necessary data, currently they often cannot inter-operate to support across boundary business services. Since these so-called legacy systems represent a considerable investment and maintenance overhead there is a need to adapt them to new business environments. This chapter proposes an ontology management environment, a methodology and a suite of tools to support legacy information system integration. INTRODUCTION Modern organisations have produced a plethora of often-isolated information systems. These systems have embodied essential company information, represented large investment and become quite reliable over the years. However, the power of those information assets has largely not been realised because of the high cost to integrate them. This situation is going to change for both commercial and technological reasons. This chapter appears in the book, Information Modeling in the New Millennium byMatti Rossi and Keng Siau. Copyright © 2001, Idea Group Publishing. 138 Cui, Cox and Jones Copy right Idea Grou p Inc. Copy right Idea Grou p Inc. Copy right Idea Grou p Inc. Copy right Idea Grou p Inc. The modern global marketplace has become increasingly competitive. Large companies face severe competition from smaller, more agile companies offering a limited range of products to selected customers. To remain competitive, large enterprises must be able to continuously monitor market demand, quickly respond by providing products, services and information to local market needs, rapidly introduce new technologies and dynamically modify business methods. This calls for an organisation’s ability to maximise the value it gains from its information assets throughout its operations by improving the quality of its decision making. Technology advances in the fields such as the Internet and agents have paved the way to electronic commerce. Future business services would be jointly offered by autonomous and collaborating units or software agents within or across company boundaries through negotiation and information exchange over a distributed data network. The success of electronic commerce relies on dynamic and openinteroperable information systems. For example, in supply chains, manufacturers, distributors, and retailers collaborate to provide seamless end-to-end processes for customers. They need to exchange a variety of data and information including product descriptions, contracts, billing information, order status, resource profiles, complaints etc. This requires the underlying

理想情况下，我们需要一种方法，将了解许多信息资源的内容和结构的问题减少到了解领域特定本体的内容的问题，熟悉该领域的用户很可能知道或容易理解这些本体。我们相信本体论工程将是未来任何应用程序的主要工作，本文档的完整版本中还有11个页面，可以通过产品网页上的“添加到购物车”按钮购买:www.igi-global.com/chapter/environmentmanaging-enterprise-domainontology/22986?camid=4v1本书可在InfoSci-Books, infosci - knowledge Management，图书馆学，信息研究与教育，infosci -图书馆与信息科学，InfoSci-Select, InfoSciSelect中找到。向您的图书管理员推荐此产品:www.igi-global.com/e-resources/libraryrecommendation/?id=1

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引用次数: 7

Audience-driven Web Design 受众驱动的网页设计

Information Modeling in the New Millennium

Pub Date : 2001-05-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-878289-77-3.ch022

Olga De Troyer

Today Web-related software development seems to be faced with a crisis not unlike the one that occurred a generation ago when in the 70s computer hardware experienced an order of magnitude increase in computational power. While this made possible the implementation of a new class of applications larger both in size and complexity, the methods for software development available at that time were not able to scale up to such large projects. The "software crisis" was a fact with its legendary stories of delays, unreliability, maintenance bottlenecks and costs.

今天，与web相关的软件开发似乎面临着一场危机，这与上世纪70年代计算机硬件在计算能力上经历了数量级增长时发生的危机没有什么不同。虽然这使得在规模和复杂性上都更大的一类新应用程序的实现成为可能，但当时可用的软件开发方法无法扩展到如此大的项目。“软件危机”是一个事实，它伴随着延迟、不可靠性、维护瓶颈和成本的传奇故事。

引用次数: 69

Towards an Autopoietic Approach for Information Systems Development 迈向信息系统开发的自创生方法

Information Modeling in the New Millennium

Pub Date : 2001-05-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-878289-77-3.ch003

E. Abou-Zeid

引用次数: 3

Conceptual Modeling Process and the Notion of a Concept 概念建模过程和概念的概念

Information Modeling in the New Millennium

Pub Date : 2001-05-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-878289-77-3.ch004

Pramila Gupta, J. Sykes

We would like to believe that early in the new millennium the practice of conceptual modeling will rest on a sounder theory base than it does at present. Although a great deal of valuable research in information systems and conceptual modeling has been done during the last twenty years or so, the results in many cases have not yet sufficiently influenced other research work or found their way into current practice. Reasons for this might include the inaccessibility of much of the work and the time pressures on practising analysts. We think that inadequate consolidation of reported results is also a factor. Without consolidation, it is difficult to obtain an overall picture in a short time, and it can be hard to see the value of individual contributions. While it is easy to see the need for consolidation, achieving it is harder. Reviews and surveys can help, but do not by themselves provide the necessary linking of individual research efforts into some larger framework. This chapter draws on theories from philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, conceptual modeling and information systems in order to develop such a framework. Its goals include improving our underThis chapter appears in the book, Information Modeling in the New Millennium byMatti Rossi and Keng Siau. Copyright © 2001, Idea Group Publishing.

我们愿意相信，在新千年的早期，概念建模的实践将建立在比现在更健全的理论基础上。虽然在过去的二十年里，人们在信息系统和概念建模方面进行了大量有价值的研究，但在许多情况下，研究结果还没有对其他研究工作产生足够的影响，也没有找到进入当前实践的途径。造成这种情况的原因可能包括大部分工作难以接近，以及实习分析师面临的时间压力。我们认为，报告结果合并不足也是一个因素。没有整合，很难在短时间内获得一个整体的画面，也很难看到个人贡献的价值。虽然很容易看出有必要进行整合，但要做到这一点却比较困难。评论和调查可以提供帮助，但它们本身并不能将个人研究努力与更大的框架联系起来。本章借鉴了哲学、语言学、认知科学、概念建模和信息系统的理论，以建立这样一个框架。它的目标包括改善我们的基础。这一章出现在matti Rossi和Keng Siau所著的《新千年中的信息建模》一书中。版权所有©2001，创意集团出版。

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引用次数: 7

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