Outlines a new type of visual interface called Enhanced Menu-Based Software (EMBS), and describes a visual specification method for such software. In EMBS, data management facilities of form-oriented systems, automatic recalculating facilities of spreadsheets, and CAD facilities are successfully integrated. The program-specification-by-examples paradigm and visual programming by icons are key factors that facilitate the development of the above software.<>
{"title":"Specification and automatic generation of intelligent graphical interfaces","authors":"Y. Shirota, T. Kunii","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77034","url":null,"abstract":"Outlines a new type of visual interface called Enhanced Menu-Based Software (EMBS), and describes a visual specification method for such software. In EMBS, data management facilities of form-oriented systems, automatic recalculating facilities of spreadsheets, and CAD facilities are successfully integrated. The program-specification-by-examples paradigm and visual programming by icons are key factors that facilitate the development of the above software.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117039552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A critique of textual programming languages and software development environments is presented, linking them to the development of hardware and discussing their connection with natural languages and mathematical formalisms. The authors then outline criteria for modern integrated programming languages and environments based on the use of graphics. These principles are illustrated by a description of the pictorial, dataflow, object-oriented language Prograph and its implementation. Possibilities for further use of pictures in programming environments are discussed.<>
{"title":"Prograph: a step towards liberating programming from textual conditioning","authors":"P. T. Cox, F. R. Giles, T. Pietrzykowski","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77057","url":null,"abstract":"A critique of textual programming languages and software development environments is presented, linking them to the development of hardware and discussing their connection with natural languages and mathematical formalisms. The authors then outline criteria for modern integrated programming languages and environments based on the use of graphics. These principles are illustrated by a description of the pictorial, dataflow, object-oriented language Prograph and its implementation. Possibilities for further use of pictures in programming environments are discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116796224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stating Boolean queries is a difficult task for many novice computer users, and yet the Boolean query is the standard method of requesting data in information retrieval systems. There is thus a need to improve the human-system interface for this kind of application. A graphical query language is presented for an information retrieval system. The language allows the user to state elementary queries by means of small images representing catalog cards. The Boolean combination of elementary queries is intuitively achieved by positioning the cards on the screen. This approach lets people use familiar concepts while attempting to achieve better utilization of the information retrieval system.<>
{"title":"An intuitive approach for the expression of Boolean queries","authors":"L. E. Echeverria, J. Pino","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77052","url":null,"abstract":"Stating Boolean queries is a difficult task for many novice computer users, and yet the Boolean query is the standard method of requesting data in information retrieval systems. There is thus a need to improve the human-system interface for this kind of application. A graphical query language is presented for an information retrieval system. The language allows the user to state elementary queries by means of small images representing catalog cards. The Boolean combination of elementary queries is intuitively achieved by positioning the cards on the screen. This approach lets people use familiar concepts while attempting to achieve better utilization of the information retrieval system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128906620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An approach for building a language-independent visual programming environment based on syntax specifications is described. A model for specifying the syntax of visual languages, picture layout grammars, is described, and an example is given of how these grammars are used to define the syntax of a visual language. A spatial parser is an algorithm for recovering the underlying structure of a visual program from the picture. A spatial parser for visual languages whose syntax is specified by a picture layout grammar was implemented. This parser forms the basis of a visual programming environment.<>
{"title":"The specification of visual language syntax","authors":"E. Golin, S. Reiss","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77050","url":null,"abstract":"An approach for building a language-independent visual programming environment based on syntax specifications is described. A model for specifying the syntax of visual languages, picture layout grammars, is described, and an example is given of how these grammars are used to define the syntax of a visual language. A spatial parser is an algorithm for recovering the underlying structure of a visual program from the picture. A spatial parser for visual languages whose syntax is specified by a picture layout grammar was implemented. This parser forms the basis of a visual programming environment.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129188160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Spatial reasoning in symbolic images requires a means for identification of spatial relationships. In earlier work (see E. Jungert and S.-K. Chung, Proc. IFIP TC-2 Working Conf. on Visual Database Systems, Tokyo, Japan, 1989) an algebra based on symbolic projections for manipulation and transformation of symbolic images has been defined. Although that symbolic algebra was quite powerful for manipulation of symbolic images, it did not include any means for spatial reasoning. With such a goal it was already clear at an early stage that the algebra had to be developed further. A description is given of the unification of algebraic expressions, which offers a powerful basis for spatial reasoning. It is shown that the algebra constitutes a basis for a tool for spatial reasoning in symbolic images.<>
符号图像的空间推理需要一种识别空间关系的方法。在早期的工作中(见E. Jungert和S.-K。作者:Chung, Proc. IFIP TC-2 Visual Database Systems Working Conf.， Tokyo, Japan, 1989)定义了一种基于符号投影的代数，用于符号图像的操作和转换。尽管符号代数在处理符号图像方面非常强大，但它不包括任何空间推理的手段。有了这样一个目标，在早期阶段就已经很清楚，代数必须进一步发展。给出了代数表达式统一的描述，为空间推理提供了有力的基础。结果表明，代数构成了符号图像空间推理工具的基础
{"title":"Symbolic expressions within a spatial algebra: unification and impact upon spatial reasoning","authors":"E. Jungert","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77058","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial reasoning in symbolic images requires a means for identification of spatial relationships. In earlier work (see E. Jungert and S.-K. Chung, Proc. IFIP TC-2 Working Conf. on Visual Database Systems, Tokyo, Japan, 1989) an algebra based on symbolic projections for manipulation and transformation of symbolic images has been defined. Although that symbolic algebra was quite powerful for manipulation of symbolic images, it did not include any means for spatial reasoning. With such a goal it was already clear at an early stage that the algebra had to be developed further. A description is given of the unification of algebraic expressions, which offers a powerful basis for spatial reasoning. It is shown that the algebra constitutes a basis for a tool for spatial reasoning in symbolic images.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116270101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Corten, H. Spoelder, F. Ullings, F. Groen, Ian T. Young
A tool called SIGNOR, which was developed as a visual signal processing package for a course in signals and systems theory for graduate students, is described. The tool incorporates a generic visual programming environment with a generalized method of interfacing. In the current version of SIGNOR the authors achieve real-time responses for 16-bit samples and up to 40-kHz read/write operations. The generic character of the setup enables the students to easily incorporate their own procedures within the tool. This combination makes SIGNOR a very successful tool.<>
{"title":"SIGNOR: a tool for visualization of concepts of system and signal theory","authors":"E. Corten, H. Spoelder, F. Ullings, F. Groen, Ian T. Young","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77063","url":null,"abstract":"A tool called SIGNOR, which was developed as a visual signal processing package for a course in signals and systems theory for graduate students, is described. The tool incorporates a generic visual programming environment with a generalized method of interfacing. In the current version of SIGNOR the authors achieve real-time responses for 16-bit samples and up to 40-kHz read/write operations. The generic character of the setup enables the students to easily incorporate their own procedures within the tool. This combination makes SIGNOR a very successful tool.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129635265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A prototype expert visual query system (X-VIQU) for accessing multiple databases, particularly for unskilled users, is presented. The combination of an expert system and a graphical representation of the query paths, as well as of a corresponding hierarchical level in the database, facilitates information retrieval, particularly when multiple databases must be accessed. An example of the query process is provided to illustrate the operating principles of X-VIQU.<>
{"title":"X-VIQU: an expert system for visual representation of database queries","authors":"L. Cinque, F. Ferloni, S. Levialdi, A. Sargeni","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77062","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype expert visual query system (X-VIQU) for accessing multiple databases, particularly for unskilled users, is presented. The combination of an expert system and a graphical representation of the query paths, as well as of a corresponding hierarchical level in the database, facilitates information retrieval, particularly when multiple databases must be accessed. An example of the query process is provided to illustrate the operating principles of X-VIQU.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122368929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Many visual languages follow the principle of single assignment, particularly those based on declarative programming paradigms. However, the notion of single assignment seems at odds with most forms of iteration. The authors survey a variety of approaches to this problem and then present the approach used in the visual language Forms/2. Forms/2 treats iteration in a form as a temporal sequence of instances of the form. Termination is controlled rather uniquely in Forms/2 as a direct result of the dependence-resolution evaluation mechanism.<>
{"title":"Visual languages and the conflict between single assignment and iteration","authors":"A. Ambler, M. Burnett","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77055","url":null,"abstract":"Many visual languages follow the principle of single assignment, particularly those based on declarative programming paradigms. However, the notion of single assignment seems at odds with most forms of iteration. The authors survey a variety of approaches to this problem and then present the approach used in the visual language Forms/2. Forms/2 treats iteration in a form as a temporal sequence of instances of the form. Termination is controlled rather uniquely in Forms/2 as a direct result of the dependence-resolution evaluation mechanism.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"75 2 Suppl 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128456106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two of the major problems with currently available software design tools are that they require too much detail too early in the design process, and that they do little to provide sufficient context for the software designer as the design is taking place. The paper presents a visual interface that addresses these two issues, and that in turn leads to a hew user interface metaphor. The interface is to a set of cooperating expert systems that acts as a non-intrusive, intelligent assistant in the conceptual data modelling phase of database design. The user interface allows the designer to simultaneously work at the abstract level and at the detail level while building the enterprise model from which the database will be generated. The key features of the interface are graphical gestural input, and the spatial maintenance of logical context through a technique of information filtering, using a structure of hierarchical windows. Planned extensions to the interface include user manipulation of a 3-D representation of extended entity-relationship diagrams, interactive control of behavior modelling animations, and the ability to deal with several models at the same time.<>
{"title":"A visual interface to a conceptual data modelling tool","authors":"Tim Dudley","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77038","url":null,"abstract":"Two of the major problems with currently available software design tools are that they require too much detail too early in the design process, and that they do little to provide sufficient context for the software designer as the design is taking place. The paper presents a visual interface that addresses these two issues, and that in turn leads to a hew user interface metaphor. The interface is to a set of cooperating expert systems that acts as a non-intrusive, intelligent assistant in the conceptual data modelling phase of database design. The user interface allows the designer to simultaneously work at the abstract level and at the detail level while building the enterprise model from which the database will be generated. The key features of the interface are graphical gestural input, and the spatial maintenance of logical context through a technique of information filtering, using a structure of hierarchical windows. Planned extensions to the interface include user manipulation of a 3-D representation of extended entity-relationship diagrams, interactive control of behavior modelling animations, and the ability to deal with several models at the same time.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121440585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
One of the major obstacles to the use of planning systems has been the difficulty of acquiring descriptions of how tasks are carried out in particular environments. In order to address this problem, the authors propose a visual language for the acquisition, display and debugging of this plan knowledge. The basis of this language is a model of the user's view of tasks, supported by a series of psychological experiments. DACRON supports the acquisition of plan knowledge by providing graphical representations of domain entities from the users' point of view. It will also allow users to replay the specification of plans and interactively debug this animated display.<>
{"title":"A visual language for the acquisition and display of plans","authors":"D. Mahling, W. Bruce Croft","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77041","url":null,"abstract":"One of the major obstacles to the use of planning systems has been the difficulty of acquiring descriptions of how tasks are carried out in particular environments. In order to address this problem, the authors propose a visual language for the acquisition, display and debugging of this plan knowledge. The basis of this language is a model of the user's view of tasks, supported by a series of psychological experiments. DACRON supports the acquisition of plan knowledge by providing graphical representations of domain entities from the users' point of view. It will also allow users to replay the specification of plans and interactively debug this animated display.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"04 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129185037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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