B. Czejdo, M. Rusinkiewicz, D. Embley, Venugopal Reddy
A graphical representation of an ER (entity-relationship) data model and its application to interactive visual query languages are presented. A method for implementing an ER query interface for a relational database management system is outlined. The approach is based on graphical representation and interactive manipulation of ER database schemas. During the process of query formulation the information needed to generate an equivalent SQL expression for a relational database is accumulated. The sample interactions between the user and system are given. The graphical query formulation process is formally defined. Formal definitions that provide the basis for an efficient visual query language implementation are presented.<>
{"title":"A visual query language for an ER data model","authors":"B. Czejdo, M. Rusinkiewicz, D. Embley, Venugopal Reddy","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77059","url":null,"abstract":"A graphical representation of an ER (entity-relationship) data model and its application to interactive visual query languages are presented. A method for implementing an ER query interface for a relational database management system is outlined. The approach is based on graphical representation and interactive manipulation of ER database schemas. During the process of query formulation the information needed to generate an equivalent SQL expression for a relational database is accumulated. The sample interactions between the user and system are given. The graphical query formulation process is formally defined. Formal definitions that provide the basis for an efficient visual query language implementation are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126514607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kazuyuki Tsuda, A. Yoshitaka, M. Hirakawa, Minoru Tanaka, T. Ichikawa
The IconicBrowser, which allows the user to retrieve objects in a database by means of icons, is described. Icons represent classes and objects in the database. Queries are specified by overlapping one icon over another. The system then interprets them into database operations, depending on their combination. At the same time, the system generates predicate-based (text-base) queries which can be used in other applications of the database.<>
{"title":"IconicBrowser: an iconic retrieval system for object-oriented databases","authors":"Kazuyuki Tsuda, A. Yoshitaka, M. Hirakawa, Minoru Tanaka, T. Ichikawa","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77054","url":null,"abstract":"The IconicBrowser, which allows the user to retrieve objects in a database by means of icons, is described. Icons represent classes and objects in the database. Queries are specified by overlapping one icon over another. The system then interprets them into database operations, depending on their combination. At the same time, the system generates predicate-based (text-base) queries which can be used in other applications of the database.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"133 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114753704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Visualization researchers of the Exploratory Visualization (Exvis) project are studying the representation of multidimensional databases as two-dimensional arrays of data-driven icons. Each data point in n-dimensional space is converted into one icon in the display; both visual and auditory features of the icon are determined by the data. The display's texture is produced by packing large numbers of small icons together so densely that they lose their individual identities. The premise of the technology is that interesting features in the visual and auditory texture of an iconographic display will point to interesting features in the data. The technology is in the early stages of formal study. The short-term goal is to provide a workstation that will enable a researcher who is neither a programmer nor a trained experimentalist to design, implement, conduct and analyze human factors experiments for studying the iconographic data-display technique. The long-term goal is to use the information gathered from such experiments to provide a powerful data-representation language for scientists to use for visualizing large data sets.<>
{"title":"Experimentally driven visual language design: texture perception experiments for iconographic displays","authors":"Marian G. Williams, Stuart Smith, G. Pecelli","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77043","url":null,"abstract":"Visualization researchers of the Exploratory Visualization (Exvis) project are studying the representation of multidimensional databases as two-dimensional arrays of data-driven icons. Each data point in n-dimensional space is converted into one icon in the display; both visual and auditory features of the icon are determined by the data. The display's texture is produced by packing large numbers of small icons together so densely that they lose their individual identities. The premise of the technology is that interesting features in the visual and auditory texture of an iconographic display will point to interesting features in the data. The technology is in the early stages of formal study. The short-term goal is to provide a workstation that will enable a researcher who is neither a programmer nor a trained experimentalist to design, implement, conduct and analyze human factors experiments for studying the iconographic data-display technique. The long-term goal is to use the information gathered from such experiments to provide a powerful data-representation language for scientists to use for visualizing large data sets.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132181105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A method that facilitates the rapid retrieval of a given image sequence from a large database is presented. The authors exploit the fact that much of the information stored is redundant. They extend the two-dimensional string methodology to image sequences. This permits queries on the relative positions of objects within video sequences, including changes in position over time.<>
{"title":"Image sequence compression by iconic indexing","authors":"T. Arndt, Shi-Kuo Chang","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77061","url":null,"abstract":"A method that facilitates the rapid retrieval of a given image sequence from a large database is presented. The authors exploit the fact that much of the information stored is redundant. They extend the two-dimensional string methodology to image sequences. This permits queries on the relative positions of objects within video sequences, including changes in position over time.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121023258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern graphical workstations make possible interactive real-time manipulation of 3-D objects. Although 3-D graphics is usually used to model real-world objects, an abstract three-dimensional pictorial representation of computer programs is explored. Since programs are descriptions of dynamic processes, the focus is on the dynamic behavior of the graphical representation, resulting in an animation of the program's execution. The goal is to aid the debugging process by helping the programmer visualize the dynamic aspects of a program's behavior. 3-D representations help make use of the enormous innate power of the human visual system.<>
{"title":"A three-dimensional representation for program execution","authors":"H. Lieberman","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77051","url":null,"abstract":"Modern graphical workstations make possible interactive real-time manipulation of 3-D objects. Although 3-D graphics is usually used to model real-world objects, an abstract three-dimensional pictorial representation of computer programs is explored. Since programs are descriptions of dynamic processes, the focus is on the dynamic behavior of the graphical representation, resulting in an animation of the program's execution. The goal is to aid the debugging process by helping the programmer visualize the dynamic aspects of a program's behavior. 3-D representations help make use of the enormous innate power of the human visual system.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121414787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using the SIL-Icon compiler, whereby a general-purpose iconic system is specialized by expert provision of domain-specific grammar and semantics to define the individual visual language, a learning interface module (LIM) has been designed allowing the nonexpert user to utilize the system and define his or her own visual language providing only sample sentences from which the LIM autonomously constructs the domain-specific aspects of the language. A brief description of the SIL-Icon compiler is presented. An overview is given of the whole learning iconic system, and all the principal concepts and modules are detailed.<>
{"title":"An intelligent iconic system to generate and to interpret visual languages","authors":"C. Crimi, A. Guercio, G. Tortora, M. Tucci","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77056","url":null,"abstract":"Using the SIL-Icon compiler, whereby a general-purpose iconic system is specialized by expert provision of domain-specific grammar and semantics to define the individual visual language, a learning interface module (LIM) has been designed allowing the nonexpert user to utilize the system and define his or her own visual language providing only sample sentences from which the LIM autonomously constructs the domain-specific aspects of the language. A brief description of the SIL-Icon compiler is presented. An overview is given of the whole learning iconic system, and all the principal concepts and modules are detailed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115326689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A visual UNIX environment, IShell, based on the desktop metaphor is outlined. The programmability of the UNIX system is preserved at user level through an iconic language, IScript, based on a dataflow metaphor. The language and the environment is tightly coupled using gestures and visual cues to maintain the effectiveness of UNIX.<>
{"title":"Visual programming and UNIX","authors":"Kjell Borg","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77045","url":null,"abstract":"A visual UNIX environment, IShell, based on the desktop metaphor is outlined. The programmability of the UNIX system is preserved at user level through an iconic language, IScript, based on a dataflow metaphor. The language and the environment is tightly coupled using gestures and visual cues to maintain the effectiveness of UNIX.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131473496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Hirakawa, Makoto Yoshimi, Minoru Tanaka, T. Ichikawa
The visualization schemes for visual programming are classified into two categories: the visualization of the flow of data/control and the visualization of spatial relationships among visual objects. In the latter case, programs are represented in terms of the change of spatial relationships. A model for constructing visual programming systems is proposed. The model is called the visual programming space (VPS). VPS is capable of supporting both of the visualization schemes mentioned above. The visual programming space manager (VPSM), which is a system to manage programming facilities of VPS, is also proposed. Any specific programming system/environment can easily be constructed by using VPSM. An iconic programming environment, HI-VISUAL '89, is presented as an example for demonstrating the validity and effectiveness of VPSM.<>
{"title":"A generic model for constructing visual programming systems","authors":"M. Hirakawa, Makoto Yoshimi, Minoru Tanaka, T. Ichikawa","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77053","url":null,"abstract":"The visualization schemes for visual programming are classified into two categories: the visualization of the flow of data/control and the visualization of spatial relationships among visual objects. In the latter case, programs are represented in terms of the change of spatial relationships. A model for constructing visual programming systems is proposed. The model is called the visual programming space (VPS). VPS is capable of supporting both of the visualization schemes mentioned above. The visual programming space manager (VPSM), which is a system to manage programming facilities of VPS, is also proposed. Any specific programming system/environment can easily be constructed by using VPSM. An iconic programming environment, HI-VISUAL '89, is presented as an example for demonstrating the validity and effectiveness of VPSM.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133642570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The need of a friendly man-machine interaction is becoming crucial for a large variety of applications, in particular, those requiring frequent extraction of information from the database. Experience suggests that traditional query languages are not friendly enough for the casual user: she/he is requested to formulate queries in a textual language, without any iconic or spatial clues to help the querying process. A new generation of languages (visual languages) has been recently investigated, that attempts to make extensive use of the person's instincts and senses. The authors propose a fully visual system, called Query by Diagram (QBD), which is based on a conceptual data model, a query language defined on this model and a graphical user interface. The main characteristics of the interface are the ease of use, and the availability of a rich set of primitives for both schema selection and query formulation. Unlike many present proposals of graphical query systems, graphical operations are formally defined from both a syntactic and a semantic point of view.<>
{"title":"QBD: a fully visual system for E-R oriented databases","authors":"M. Angelaccio, T. Catarci, G. Santucci","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77042","url":null,"abstract":"The need of a friendly man-machine interaction is becoming crucial for a large variety of applications, in particular, those requiring frequent extraction of information from the database. Experience suggests that traditional query languages are not friendly enough for the casual user: she/he is requested to formulate queries in a textual language, without any iconic or spatial clues to help the querying process. A new generation of languages (visual languages) has been recently investigated, that attempts to make extensive use of the person's instincts and senses. The authors propose a fully visual system, called Query by Diagram (QBD), which is based on a conceptual data model, a query language defined on this model and a graphical user interface. The main characteristics of the interface are the ease of use, and the availability of a rich set of primitives for both schema selection and query formulation. Unlike many present proposals of graphical query systems, graphical operations are formally defined from both a syntactic and a semantic point of view.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"422 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113998927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given a map which describes an obstacle-cluttered environment, it is possible to pose a number of different queries. One such query might be whether or not the line-of-sight joining an arbitrary pair of points is obstructed. Another question might be that of finding the shortest path between any pair of points. A third problem might be to describe or collect all points lying within a specified radius of some source-point; here, this type of problem is called a localization query. The solution for a localization query is perhaps best presented graphically, i.e., in visual terms. For the two-dimensional case, a free space graph approach for deriving solutions to visibility and shortest path queries is described. How a simple extension of this method can be used to produce visual replies to localization queries is discussed.<>
{"title":"Visual reply to map-related queries-a free space graph approach","authors":"Peter D. Holmes","doi":"10.1109/WVL.1989.77048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WVL.1989.77048","url":null,"abstract":"Given a map which describes an obstacle-cluttered environment, it is possible to pose a number of different queries. One such query might be whether or not the line-of-sight joining an arbitrary pair of points is obstructed. Another question might be that of finding the shortest path between any pair of points. A third problem might be to describe or collect all points lying within a specified radius of some source-point; here, this type of problem is called a localization query. The solution for a localization query is perhaps best presented graphically, i.e., in visual terms. For the two-dimensional case, a free space graph approach for deriving solutions to visibility and shortest path queries is described. How a simple extension of this method can be used to produce visual replies to localization queries is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":326582,"journal":{"name":"[Proceedings] 1989 IEEE Workshop on Visual Languages","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1989-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121052738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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