Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.14.21
Brian Manuel González-Contreras, Fernando Salas-Rodríguez, L. P. Jaramillo-Quintero, José Antonio Guevara-García
Microwaves for organic synthesis are widely used due to the fact that reaction times are reduced with product conversion and selectivity improved. In this work, transesterification was carried out continuously to obtain biodiesel. A control system adapted to a home microwave oven was developed, by automating the process for continuous flow and with the less operator intervention. An embedded system and virtual instrumentation created in LabVIEW platform, for activation/deactivation orders and monitoring data supported by a PIC 18F4550 microcontroller was developed. The operative part is a power interface of transistors and activators formed by relays. The temperature sensor and power stage of the operative part of the process were linked through a PC interface by using an algorithm for data acquisition. Communication and control of the system was made through the LabVIEW platform in order to monitor, in real time, the parameters required to obtain the product. Results of automation and performance are presented.
{"title":"Reactor de microondas de flujo continuo automatizado para la producción de biodiesel","authors":"Brian Manuel González-Contreras, Fernando Salas-Rodríguez, L. P. Jaramillo-Quintero, José Antonio Guevara-García","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.14.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.14.21","url":null,"abstract":"Microwaves for organic synthesis are widely used due to the fact that reaction times are reduced with product conversion and selectivity improved. In this work, transesterification was carried out continuously to obtain biodiesel. A control system adapted to a home microwave oven was developed, by automating the process for continuous flow and with the less operator intervention. An embedded system and virtual instrumentation created in LabVIEW platform, for activation/deactivation orders and monitoring data supported by a PIC 18F4550 microcontroller was developed. The operative part is a power interface of transistors and activators formed by relays. The temperature sensor and power stage of the operative part of the process were linked through a PC interface by using an algorithm for data acquisition. Communication and control of the system was made through the LabVIEW platform in order to monitor, in real time, the parameters required to obtain the product. Results of automation and performance are presented.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125570458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.1.6
Sara Gisela Sanchez-Ureña, María Fernanda Valadez-Rosales, E. Marino-Marmolejo, Jorge Manuel Correa-Camacho
Tequila vinasses are a complex waste due to their high organic load and the phenolic compounds they contain. Both characteristics can modify the ecosystems where vinasses are discharged. Among the phenolic compounds that have been found in the vinasse, several have commercial potential. In order to recover such compounds from different efluents, adsorption resins have been used, like FPX 66. The objective of this work was to recover phenolic compounds from vinasses, and two adsorption methods were evaluated: continuous process using a column packed with resin, and batch process, using flasks. In batch configuration 77.77% of phenolic compounds were removed from vinasses, but only 54.88% of the initial phenolic compounds in vinasse were recovered; while in the continuous configuration, 92.42% of initial phenolic compounds were removed from vinasses, and 82.85% of the initial phenolic compounds in vinasses were recovered. Considering not only recovery percentages but also the time required for the complete process of recovery of phenolic compounds in both configurations, it is concluded that the continuous process, using a column, has the capacity not only to remove more phenolic compounds from the vinasses, but also presents a greater recovery.
{"title":"Recuperación de compuestos fenólicos a partir de vinazas tequileras mediante resinas de adsorción en dos configuraciones (lote y continuo)","authors":"Sara Gisela Sanchez-Ureña, María Fernanda Valadez-Rosales, E. Marino-Marmolejo, Jorge Manuel Correa-Camacho","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Tequila vinasses are a complex waste due to their high organic load and the phenolic compounds they contain. Both characteristics can modify the ecosystems where vinasses are discharged. Among the phenolic compounds that have been found in the vinasse, several have commercial potential. In order to recover such compounds from different efluents, adsorption resins have been used, like FPX 66. The objective of this work was to recover phenolic compounds from vinasses, and two adsorption methods were evaluated: continuous process using a column packed with resin, and batch process, using flasks. In batch configuration 77.77% of phenolic compounds were removed from vinasses, but only 54.88% of the initial phenolic compounds in vinasse were recovered; while in the continuous configuration, 92.42% of initial phenolic compounds were removed from vinasses, and 82.85% of the initial phenolic compounds in vinasses were recovered. Considering not only recovery percentages but also the time required for the complete process of recovery of phenolic compounds in both configurations, it is concluded that the continuous process, using a column, has the capacity not only to remove more phenolic compounds from the vinasses, but also presents a greater recovery.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131170886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.14.19
Virginia Ramírez-Salas, Beatríz Eugenia Moreno-Martínez, Erika Alarcón-Ruiz, Luis Daniel Ordoñez-Pacheco
Tridimensional polymers are mutually incompatible and a solution is the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN’s). In order to obtain optically transparent plaques, the polyurethane (PU), polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) and sílica (SiO2) were syntetized and we obtained the best conditions of reaction for each material. We sintetized the binary networks and the ternary ones with different percentage from sílica were obtained, incorporating to the system 10% in weight of sílica, carrying out a curing in situ in mass. The interest of this work lies in the association of an inorganic network (SiO2) to two organic networks PU and PMMA. In order to reduce the phase separation that occurs in the PU, PMMA and SiO2 system, coupling agents of organic/inorganic nature were introduced. Optically transparent plaques were obtained using trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate and isocyanatopropyl triethoxy silane. The materials were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, verifying the presence of representative functional groups in each of the samples. The purpose of incorporating these materials to a single network is the improvement of the mechanical, optical and thermal properties of the organic polymers.
{"title":"Obtención de materiales híbridos homogéneos de tipo Orgánico/Inorgánico","authors":"Virginia Ramírez-Salas, Beatríz Eugenia Moreno-Martínez, Erika Alarcón-Ruiz, Luis Daniel Ordoñez-Pacheco","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.14.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.14.19","url":null,"abstract":"Tridimensional polymers are mutually incompatible and a solution is the formation of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN’s). In order to obtain optically transparent plaques, the polyurethane (PU), polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) and sílica (SiO2) were syntetized and we obtained the best conditions of reaction for each material. We sintetized the binary networks and the ternary ones with different percentage from sílica were obtained, incorporating to the system 10% in weight of sílica, carrying out a curing in situ in mass. The interest of this work lies in the association of an inorganic network (SiO2) to two organic networks PU and PMMA. In order to reduce the phase separation that occurs in the PU, PMMA and SiO2 system, coupling agents of organic/inorganic nature were introduced. Optically transparent plaques were obtained using trimethoxysilyl propyl methacrylate and isocyanatopropyl triethoxy silane. The materials were characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy, verifying the presence of representative functional groups in each of the samples. The purpose of incorporating these materials to a single network is the improvement of the mechanical, optical and thermal properties of the organic polymers.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129098323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.22.29
J. M. Riesco-Ávila, David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama, Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely, Francisco Elizalde- Blancas
Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.
{"title":"Combustibles alternativos para motores de combustión interna obtenidos a partir de residuos plásticos","authors":"J. M. Riesco-Ávila, David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama, Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely, Francisco Elizalde- Blancas","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.22.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.22.29","url":null,"abstract":"Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"47 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132694298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.28.32
J. M. Riesco-Ávila, David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama, Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely, Francisco Elizalde- Blancas
Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.
{"title":"Determinación de la ruta crítica para la síntesis Química de hidroxiapatita nanométrica","authors":"J. M. Riesco-Ávila, David Alejandro Rodríguez-Valderrama, Diana Marcela Pardo-Cely, Francisco Elizalde- Blancas","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.28.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.20.6.28.32","url":null,"abstract":"Of the different methods for recycling plastic, pyrolysis offers the possibility to overcome the limitations of mechanical recycling, which requires large amounts of clean, separate and homogeneous plastic waste to ensure the quality of the final product. Pyrolysis is the chemical decomposition of plastic materials by thermal degradation in the absence of oxygen. The plastic waste is introduced into a chamber, where it is subjected to high temperatures, and the gases generated are condensed in order to obtain a distillate hydrocarbon. This paper presents the results obtained from the pyrolysis of plastic waste mixtures of polypropylene, high density polyethylene, and low density polyethylene. In a first stage, the plastic waste is subjected to a rapid pyrolysis process at temperatures of 440-450 °C, obtaining a mixture of heavy hydrocarbons. Subsequently, these hydrocarbons are subjected to a distillation process, first at a temperature of 180 °C, where a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of gasoline is obtained, and then at a temperature of 360 °C, yielding a hydrocarbon with properties similar to those of diesel.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114291166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.52.61
Alicia De Luna-Vega, M. L. García-Sahagún, Salvador González-Luna, E. Pimienta-Barrios
Study was performed in Chacala, Cabo Corrientes, where the species in study are widely distribuited in a natural form. Bromatologic analisis of fruit of B. alicastrum and E. Cyclocarpum were performed as an alternative to improve animal production, increasing protein consumption, energy and minerals on the livestock diet. Bromatologic analysis was made for crude protein (CP), etereum extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) with Wendee method (AOAC, 1990); neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Van Soest and Wine, 1967) with ANKOM equipment. Calcium and phosphorus for colorimetry, potasium with flamometer technique (Van Soest, 1979); magnesium, sulphur and copper with TMECC 04.06 / 4.13 method. Nutritional quality was analized on dry matter, ashes, fat and crude fiber. Significative difference was obtained between species on protein (22.90 vs 10.88), fiber (7.24 vs 13.18) and NFE, were the higgest value was for B. alicastrum (67.02%) compared with E. cyclocarpum (60.45%). Inclussion of fruit flour from E. cyclocarpum and B. alicastrum on ovine alimentary rations improvement consumption. Weight increase and alimentary convertion were better with the 10% inclussion. Economic value of alimentary rations with inclussion of fruit flour of E. cyclocarpum and B. alicastrum was lower than witness diet on stabuled ovine, permiting maintain development with significative decrease of production costs.
{"title":"Inclusión de harina, elaborada a partir de los frutos de Enterolobium Cyclocarpum y Brosimum Alicastrum como suplemento isocalórico e isoprotéico en la alimentación de ovinos","authors":"Alicia De Luna-Vega, M. L. García-Sahagún, Salvador González-Luna, E. Pimienta-Barrios","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.52.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.52.61","url":null,"abstract":"Study was performed in Chacala, Cabo Corrientes, where the species in study are widely distribuited in a natural form. Bromatologic analisis of fruit of B. alicastrum and E. Cyclocarpum were performed as an alternative to improve animal production, increasing protein consumption, energy and minerals on the livestock diet. Bromatologic analysis was made for crude protein (CP), etereum extract (EE) and nitrogen free extract (NFE) with Wendee method (AOAC, 1990); neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin (Van Soest and Wine, 1967) with ANKOM equipment. Calcium and phosphorus for colorimetry, potasium with flamometer technique (Van Soest, 1979); magnesium, sulphur and copper with TMECC 04.06 / 4.13 method. Nutritional quality was analized on dry matter, ashes, fat and crude fiber. Significative difference was obtained between species on protein (22.90 vs 10.88), fiber (7.24 vs 13.18) and NFE, were the higgest value was for B. alicastrum (67.02%) compared with E. cyclocarpum (60.45%). Inclussion of fruit flour from E. cyclocarpum and B. alicastrum on ovine alimentary rations improvement consumption. Weight increase and alimentary convertion were better with the 10% inclussion. Economic value of alimentary rations with inclussion of fruit flour of E. cyclocarpum and B. alicastrum was lower than witness diet on stabuled ovine, permiting maintain development with significative decrease of production costs.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115144312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.31.38
Ernesto Valenzuela-Hermocillo, J. Pacheco-Sánchez, Sofía Rivas-Castro
In this paper we present the molecular modeling of an activated carbon anode as platinum support of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), in which platinum (Pt) interacts as a catalyst supported in activated carbon (CA) with molecular hydrogen (H2) in order to break it or ionize it. The adsorption between CA and Pt is analyzed as an atom or as a minimum FCC(face-centered cubic) surface structure, to observe if there is any difference between activated and non-activated carbon in the Pt-H2 reaction. Using quantum calculations of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), the adsorption and the effect of activated carbon on platinum were investigated, using different carbon and platinum structures. Our results show that the activated carbons provide a stable support for the platinum catalysts, taking into account that the CA presents a well of lower potential energy to adsorb the platinum (physisorption), whereas an activated carbon has a potential energy well major (chemisorption).
{"title":"Modelado molecular de un ánodo de carbón activado como soporte de platino por medio de cálculos DFT","authors":"Ernesto Valenzuela-Hermocillo, J. Pacheco-Sánchez, Sofía Rivas-Castro","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.31.38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.31.38","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper we present the molecular modeling of an activated carbon anode as platinum support of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), in which platinum (Pt) interacts as a catalyst supported in activated carbon (CA) with molecular hydrogen (H2) in order to break it or ionize it. The adsorption between CA and Pt is analyzed as an atom or as a minimum FCC(face-centered cubic) surface structure, to observe if there is any difference between activated and non-activated carbon in the Pt-H2 reaction. Using quantum calculations of the Density Functional Theory (DFT), the adsorption and the effect of activated carbon on platinum were investigated, using different carbon and platinum structures. Our results show that the activated carbons provide a stable support for the platinum catalysts, taking into account that the CA presents a well of lower potential energy to adsorb the platinum (physisorption), whereas an activated carbon has a potential energy well major (chemisorption).","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132251930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.13.21
Abraham Guzmán-Palomino, L. Aguilera-Vázquez, Pedro Martín García-Vite, A. M. Mendoza-Martínez
Increasing the use of solar irradiation by the photosynthetic metabolism of green microalgae is necessary to exploit its potential as a source of lipids, carbohydrates, pigments or aromatic compounds as a source of biofuels or products of interest. Microalgae exposed to sunlight are able to adapt by synthesizing a greater amount of pigment to dissipate the incident light energy, controlling the supersaturation of cellular photosystems but reducing the efficiency of the use of light. The photoacclimation is described by the content of chlorophyll mass in relation to the carbon content in the biomass (g Chl / g C). In an outdoor photobioreactor, irradiance depends upon geographical location, time of year and atmospheric conditions. In the present proposal, the generation of biomass is established as a dynamic function of the nutrients, represented as C: N:Chl and the primary assimilation of nutrients as Nitrate (N) and Ammonium (A). The results of this research show an evolution of G: C, N: C, Chl: C and biomass as C (carbon) in different scenarios of parameterization showing consistent results.
有必要通过绿色微藻的光合代谢增加对太阳辐照的利用，以开发其作为脂质、碳水化合物、色素或芳香化合物来源的潜力，作为生物燃料或感兴趣的产品的来源。暴露在阳光下的微藻能够通过合成更多的色素来消散入射光能，从而控制细胞光系统的过饱和，但降低了光的利用效率。光驯化是由叶绿素质量含量与生物量中碳含量的关系(g Chl / g C)来描述的。在室外光生物反应器中，辐照度取决于地理位置、一年中的时间和大气条件。在本研究中，生物量的产生被建立为养分的动态函数，以C: N:Chl表示，养分的初级同化为硝酸盐(N)和铵态氮(a)。本研究结果表明，在不同的参数化情景下，G: C、N:C、Chl: C和生物量为C(碳)的演化呈现一致的结果。
{"title":"Estudio de la evolución de C: N: Chl en microalgas verdes considerando la irradiación solar a través de un modelo dinámico","authors":"Abraham Guzmán-Palomino, L. Aguilera-Vázquez, Pedro Martín García-Vite, A. M. Mendoza-Martínez","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.13.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.13.21","url":null,"abstract":"Increasing the use of solar irradiation by the photosynthetic metabolism of green microalgae is necessary to exploit its potential as a source of lipids, carbohydrates, pigments or aromatic compounds as a source of biofuels or products of interest. Microalgae exposed to sunlight are able to adapt by synthesizing a greater amount of pigment to dissipate the incident light energy, controlling the supersaturation of cellular photosystems but reducing the efficiency of the use of light. The photoacclimation is described by the content of chlorophyll mass in relation to the carbon content in the biomass (g Chl / g C). In an outdoor photobioreactor, irradiance depends upon geographical location, time of year and atmospheric conditions. In the present proposal, the generation of biomass is established as a dynamic function of the nutrients, represented as C: N:Chl and the primary assimilation of nutrients as Nitrate (N) and Ammonium (A). The results of this research show an evolution of G: C, N: C, Chl: C and biomass as C (carbon) in different scenarios of parameterization showing consistent results.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121331805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.39.43
María Guadalupe Roacho-Torres, Cesar Octavio Encinas-Baca, Melchor Omar Grijalva-Delgado
Goals: Calculate the amount of Zinc Sulfate reagent that maximizes the lead benefit in the process of benefiting a plant in the southern region of the state of Chihuahua. Methodology: Tests were carried out with different amounts of zinc sulfate, on which the variance was calculated and the average benefit value of Lead and Zinc was determined. Then, the equations were obtained that describe the behavior of the benefit of the minerals and the maximum or minimum values with respect to the law were calculated. The optimized sulfate value was calculated and control charts were generated as follow-up to the process. Contribution: By optimizing and standardizing the amount of Zinc sulfate as a reagent in the benefit in a process where it was performed empirically, not only does it have greater control over the results of the law, but also the costs are optimized, considering that the Reagent use is an important input for the process.
{"title":"Optimización de Sulfato de Zinc en proceso de beneficio","authors":"María Guadalupe Roacho-Torres, Cesar Octavio Encinas-Baca, Melchor Omar Grijalva-Delgado","doi":"10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.39.43","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.39.43","url":null,"abstract":"Goals: Calculate the amount of Zinc Sulfate reagent that maximizes the lead benefit in the process of benefiting a plant in the southern region of the state of Chihuahua. Methodology: Tests were carried out with different amounts of zinc sulfate, on which the variance was calculated and the average benefit value of Lead and Zinc was determined. Then, the equations were obtained that describe the behavior of the benefit of the minerals and the maximum or minimum values with respect to the law were calculated. The optimized sulfate value was calculated and control charts were generated as follow-up to the process. Contribution: By optimizing and standardizing the amount of Zinc sulfate as a reagent in the benefit in a process where it was performed empirically, not only does it have greater control over the results of the law, but also the costs are optimized, considering that the Reagent use is an important input for the process.","PeriodicalId":326700,"journal":{"name":"Revista de Energía Química y Física","volume":"407 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132257655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-30DOI: 10.35429/jcpe.2019.19.6.22.30
Sandra Paloma Soria-Mejía, José Emmanuel Ambrosio-Juarez, Iván Toledo-Manuel, José Sabás-Segura
This paper presents a design proposal and the theoretical and experimental evaluation of a solar collector of parabolic concentrator type (CPC) with tubular absorber for air heating tests with ideal thermal performances for applications such as drying and conditioning systems. air. The collector consists of four concentrators formed of galvanized sheet that make the function of reflecting the sunlight towards the absorber tubes, with a concentration ratio of 2.5 and an acceptance half-angle of 23.5º, with the objective of not requiring a system of solar tracking The absorber is a copper tube where the air circulates. With this proposal from the collector, a theoretical efficiency of 25% was obtained, which represents a third part of energy gain compared to a commercial CPC. This efficiency was obtained according to the materials and dimensions implemented. The system is technically feasible to be used for low temperature processes, with average quality of 60 ºC, which can produce significant energy savings and reducing the amount of CO2 emissions, favoring the environment.
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