Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398545
S. Tabandeh, M. Aghamohammadi
In this paper, a new approach for detecting realtime matching for controlled islanding based on the correlation coefficient of generators is proposed. In this approach, by online measuring generators rotor angle oscillations, the correlation coefficients between all pairs of generators are evaluated. Based on the evaluated correlation coefficients, coherent groups of generators are identified. Then, using correlation coefficient of coherent groups, splitting indices between coherent groups are evaluated. Following a disturbance, in the case of the risk of splitting coherent groups towards islanding, the values of splitting indices start to increase detecting tendency of coherent groups towards splitting state. The proposed approach is demonstrated on the IEEE 39-bus system with promising results.
{"title":"A new algorithm for detecting real-time matching for controlled islanding based on correlation characteristics of generator rotor angles","authors":"S. Tabandeh, M. Aghamohammadi","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398545","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new approach for detecting realtime matching for controlled islanding based on the correlation coefficient of generators is proposed. In this approach, by online measuring generators rotor angle oscillations, the correlation coefficients between all pairs of generators are evaluated. Based on the evaluated correlation coefficients, coherent groups of generators are identified. Then, using correlation coefficient of coherent groups, splitting indices between coherent groups are evaluated. Following a disturbance, in the case of the risk of splitting coherent groups towards islanding, the values of splitting indices start to increase detecting tendency of coherent groups towards splitting state. The proposed approach is demonstrated on the IEEE 39-bus system with promising results.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"180 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127544242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398627
N. D. Tuyen, G. Fujita
An islanding is that the islanded entity including DGs and critical load disconnects from the utility and then, operates in the islanded mode. During that mode, the Power Electronic Interface of DGs not only has a role in keeping the Point of Common Coupling's voltage within a required range, it also needs to make islanded frequency arbitrarily at normal values. This paper investigates the operation response while keeping the conventional current controller in some cases of typical islanded loads and then, validate feasibility of proposed current controller for the islanded entity dealing with transient-to-island mode. The islanding detection method by using negative-sequence impedances also facilitates the fast switching for the entire control scheme. The droop control mechanism is presented for inductive-reductive impedance.
{"title":"Analysis of current-controller in grid-connected and islanded mode for dispersed generation","authors":"N. D. Tuyen, G. Fujita","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398627","url":null,"abstract":"An islanding is that the islanded entity including DGs and critical load disconnects from the utility and then, operates in the islanded mode. During that mode, the Power Electronic Interface of DGs not only has a role in keeping the Point of Common Coupling's voltage within a required range, it also needs to make islanded frequency arbitrarily at normal values. This paper investigates the operation response while keeping the conventional current controller in some cases of typical islanded loads and then, validate feasibility of proposed current controller for the islanded entity dealing with transient-to-island mode. The islanding detection method by using negative-sequence impedances also facilitates the fast switching for the entire control scheme. The droop control mechanism is presented for inductive-reductive impedance.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"1960 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128032153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398546
R. Dzhusupova, J. Cobben, W. Kling
Creating a zero energy environments is a hot topic. The developments in this field are based on the concept of the “Trias Energetica”: reducing energy consumption, using of renewable energy, and efficient using of fossil fuels. Zero energy environment concepts can be also applied to road tunnels to improve the energy performance by means of reducing energy consumption, introducing of renewable energy generation and by this way lowering energy bills. Nowadays the energy consumption in the road tunnel is high, up to 6.6 MWh/km per year during normal operation conditions. Thus, the reduction of energy consumption even by 5-10 per cent could bring greatly benefit to tunnel owners. This paper presents the framework of zero energy tunnels and highlights the major innovative aspects. These aspects include various technological approaches to reduce energy consumption, to extract thermal energy from the tunnel and to improve air quality inside and outside the tunnel. Furthermore, it discusses the introduction of renewable energy generation for tunnel constructions.
{"title":"Zero energy tunnel: Renewable energy generation and reduction of energy consumption","authors":"R. Dzhusupova, J. Cobben, W. Kling","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398546","url":null,"abstract":"Creating a zero energy environments is a hot topic. The developments in this field are based on the concept of the “Trias Energetica”: reducing energy consumption, using of renewable energy, and efficient using of fossil fuels. Zero energy environment concepts can be also applied to road tunnels to improve the energy performance by means of reducing energy consumption, introducing of renewable energy generation and by this way lowering energy bills. Nowadays the energy consumption in the road tunnel is high, up to 6.6 MWh/km per year during normal operation conditions. Thus, the reduction of energy consumption even by 5-10 per cent could bring greatly benefit to tunnel owners. This paper presents the framework of zero energy tunnels and highlights the major innovative aspects. These aspects include various technological approaches to reduce energy consumption, to extract thermal energy from the tunnel and to improve air quality inside and outside the tunnel. Furthermore, it discusses the introduction of renewable energy generation for tunnel constructions.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124370587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398419
S. Conner, A. Cruden
The use of distributed generation is on the increase within the United Kingdom and the Distribution Network Operators (DNO's) require a novel approach of assessing potential fault levels in near “real-time” to assist with network planning and design. The short circuit current is the current expected to flow into a short circuit fault at a known point on the system, and therefore, the fault level is the product of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current. Recent techniques used by the industry involve power system software that calculates the fault level in accordance with BS EN 60909, however, this frequently provides a conservative answer and possibly this will be a factor restricting future connections of distributed generation. This paper will describe the initial stages of the development of an algorithm which can be used alongside a digital signal controller (a Texas Instruments TMS320F28335) to calculate in near “real-time” the fault level at a specified point on the distribution network. Matlab & Simulink are utilised to both simulate source faults and to create the initial elements of the algorithm which are analysed utilsing the test program. The implementation of a Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to determine when a fault occurs is discussed. Finally the results from these simulations are examined and presented alongside a discussion of future work.
在英国，分布式发电的使用正在增加，配电网运营商(DNO)需要一种近乎“实时”评估潜在故障水平的新方法，以协助网络规划和设计。短路电流是在系统上已知的某一点预计流入短路故障的电流，因此，故障电平是开路电压与短路电流的乘积。行业使用的最新技术涉及根据BS EN 60909计算故障水平的电力系统软件，然而，这通常提供保守的答案，这可能会成为限制未来分布式发电连接的一个因素。本文将描述一种算法开发的初始阶段，该算法可以与数字信号控制器(德州仪器TMS320F28335)一起使用，以近乎“实时”地计算配电网上指定点的故障水平。Matlab和Simulink用于模拟源故障并创建算法的初始元素，这些元素使用测试程序进行分析。讨论了短时傅里叶变换(STFT)的实现，以确定故障何时发生。最后，对这些模拟的结果进行了检验，并提出了对未来工作的讨论。
{"title":"An automatic transient detection system which can be incorporated into an algorithm to accurately determine the fault level in networks with DG","authors":"S. Conner, A. Cruden","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398419","url":null,"abstract":"The use of distributed generation is on the increase within the United Kingdom and the Distribution Network Operators (DNO's) require a novel approach of assessing potential fault levels in near “real-time” to assist with network planning and design. The short circuit current is the current expected to flow into a short circuit fault at a known point on the system, and therefore, the fault level is the product of the open circuit voltage and short circuit current. Recent techniques used by the industry involve power system software that calculates the fault level in accordance with BS EN 60909, however, this frequently provides a conservative answer and possibly this will be a factor restricting future connections of distributed generation. This paper will describe the initial stages of the development of an algorithm which can be used alongside a digital signal controller (a Texas Instruments TMS320F28335) to calculate in near “real-time” the fault level at a specified point on the distribution network. Matlab & Simulink are utilised to both simulate source faults and to create the initial elements of the algorithm which are analysed utilsing the test program. The implementation of a Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to determine when a fault occurs is discussed. Finally the results from these simulations are examined and presented alongside a discussion of future work.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122982238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398541
C. Ding, K. Lo
In Microgrid energy is normally transmitted from source to grid through converters and this makes the output components of microsources (MSs) easier to control. Control technologies for Microgrid are focused on the output of the inverter part. There are two fundamental approaches: PQ control and droop control. For different co-operation between MSs and energy storage devices, there are several control approaches including pure droop control, reverse droop control, inverter based control, primary energy source control, autonomous control and multi-agent based control. [1] In most of the control strategies, except the multi-agent based control, the parameters used for control come from local measurements without communication with other MSs. In this paper, a Microgrid model with two MSs is used to test PQ control and droop control algorithms respectively. A rate of change of frequency algorithm is used for islanding detection. The results demonstrate that with load shedding strategy, the Microgrid can operate stably either in connection mode or in islanding mode. It is also able to transfer from one state to another smoothly.
{"title":"Microgrid control and management of state transition period","authors":"C. Ding, K. Lo","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398541","url":null,"abstract":"In Microgrid energy is normally transmitted from source to grid through converters and this makes the output components of microsources (MSs) easier to control. Control technologies for Microgrid are focused on the output of the inverter part. There are two fundamental approaches: PQ control and droop control. For different co-operation between MSs and energy storage devices, there are several control approaches including pure droop control, reverse droop control, inverter based control, primary energy source control, autonomous control and multi-agent based control. [1] In most of the control strategies, except the multi-agent based control, the parameters used for control come from local measurements without communication with other MSs. In this paper, a Microgrid model with two MSs is used to test PQ control and droop control algorithms respectively. A rate of change of frequency algorithm is used for islanding detection. The results demonstrate that with load shedding strategy, the Microgrid can operate stably either in connection mode or in islanding mode. It is also able to transfer from one state to another smoothly.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117139513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398550
R. Caldon, M. Coppo, M. Tessari, R. Turri
The growing diffusion of single-phase distributed generators in LV distribution networks, already stressed by unbalanced loadings, is likely to give rise to further power quality problems, mainly voltage magnitude and unbalance issues. This paper first focuses on some recent normative decisions regarding the reactive power management for LV active users, then investigates the effects of a stronger participation of the latter to the network voltage regulation, enabled by a suitable local control strategy based on these standards. Simulations on a case study LV network are conducted for a 24 h time window, using a Backward-Forward sweep solution method.
{"title":"Use of single-phase inverter-interfaced DGs for power quality improvement in LV networks","authors":"R. Caldon, M. Coppo, M. Tessari, R. Turri","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398550","url":null,"abstract":"The growing diffusion of single-phase distributed generators in LV distribution networks, already stressed by unbalanced loadings, is likely to give rise to further power quality problems, mainly voltage magnitude and unbalance issues. This paper first focuses on some recent normative decisions regarding the reactive power management for LV active users, then investigates the effects of a stronger participation of the latter to the network voltage regulation, enabled by a suitable local control strategy based on these standards. Simulations on a case study LV network are conducted for a 24 h time window, using a Backward-Forward sweep solution method.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117140176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398675
M. Mansor, M. Irving, G. Taylor
This paper presents a new approach to solving the Economic Dispatch (ED) Problem for a large number of generators using a decomposition/aggregation method. A program has been developed to demonstrate the algorithm using the MATLAB programming language. A 5-bus test system and the IEEE 26-bus test system are used as demonstration systems. Each test system is decomposed into small areas and each area has been solved for Economic Dispatch (locally) using an Evolutionary Programming (EP) technique. It was ensured that each area contains at least one generating unit and one supplied load. The EP will minimise the objective funtion for each area, minimising the local operating cost including the effects of real power losses in each area. The optimisation problem for each area can be regarded as a sub-problem of the decomposition scheme. Subsequently, the solutions from the areas are combined (aggregated) to solve the overall system problem. The results obtained using the decomposition/aggregation method are compared with the results found when the ED Problem was solved using a centralised EP approach and the base-case results found from solving a (non-optimal) load flow. It was found that applying the aggregation method is a prospective approach for solving economic dispatch problems with a large numbers of generators in a power system.
{"title":"A decomposition/aggregation method for solving electrical power dispatch problems","authors":"M. Mansor, M. Irving, G. Taylor","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398675","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new approach to solving the Economic Dispatch (ED) Problem for a large number of generators using a decomposition/aggregation method. A program has been developed to demonstrate the algorithm using the MATLAB programming language. A 5-bus test system and the IEEE 26-bus test system are used as demonstration systems. Each test system is decomposed into small areas and each area has been solved for Economic Dispatch (locally) using an Evolutionary Programming (EP) technique. It was ensured that each area contains at least one generating unit and one supplied load. The EP will minimise the objective funtion for each area, minimising the local operating cost including the effects of real power losses in each area. The optimisation problem for each area can be regarded as a sub-problem of the decomposition scheme. Subsequently, the solutions from the areas are combined (aggregated) to solve the overall system problem. The results obtained using the decomposition/aggregation method are compared with the results found when the ED Problem was solved using a centralised EP approach and the base-case results found from solving a (non-optimal) load flow. It was found that applying the aggregation method is a prospective approach for solving economic dispatch problems with a large numbers of generators in a power system.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132033562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398629
O. El Mountassir, B. Stewart, S. McMeekin, A. Ahmadinia
Partial discharges (PD) are electric discharges that occur when the insulation system of high voltage plant is in the process of degradation. Prior to complete breakdown, PDs provide an early warning of imminent equipment failure, while also accelerating the breakdown process. Radiated radio frequency (RF) measurement methods are one of numerous other detection methods which may be employed to locate PD sources. This method uses at least 4 receiving antennas to detect the radiated PD RF signals from which the three dimensional position of the PD source can be calculated using iterative or non-iterative location algorithms. This paper evaluates the effect of Gaussian noise on the location accuracy of two different PD sources which have different frequency spectra and signal strength characteristics using a locally customised “Y shaped” arrangement of four antenna positions. Based on measurements of hundreds of experimental RF signals, the time-differences-of-arrival (TDOA) between the different antennas is calculated using cumulative energy and then the location of the PD source determined by applying the iterative hyperbolic least squares (HLS) algorithm. The results demonstrate that the accuracy and the ability to determine the position of the two different PD sources depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) quality as well as the strength of the signals. Also, results show that averaging the TDOAs may not provide a converged solution, while averaging the locations of the individual TDOAs provide a better solution.
{"title":"Effect of noise on the location accuracy of partial discharges using radiated RF detection techniques","authors":"O. El Mountassir, B. Stewart, S. McMeekin, A. Ahmadinia","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398629","url":null,"abstract":"Partial discharges (PD) are electric discharges that occur when the insulation system of high voltage plant is in the process of degradation. Prior to complete breakdown, PDs provide an early warning of imminent equipment failure, while also accelerating the breakdown process. Radiated radio frequency (RF) measurement methods are one of numerous other detection methods which may be employed to locate PD sources. This method uses at least 4 receiving antennas to detect the radiated PD RF signals from which the three dimensional position of the PD source can be calculated using iterative or non-iterative location algorithms. This paper evaluates the effect of Gaussian noise on the location accuracy of two different PD sources which have different frequency spectra and signal strength characteristics using a locally customised “Y shaped” arrangement of four antenna positions. Based on measurements of hundreds of experimental RF signals, the time-differences-of-arrival (TDOA) between the different antennas is calculated using cumulative energy and then the location of the PD source determined by applying the iterative hyperbolic least squares (HLS) algorithm. The results demonstrate that the accuracy and the ability to determine the position of the two different PD sources depends on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) quality as well as the strength of the signals. Also, results show that averaging the TDOAs may not provide a converged solution, while averaging the locations of the individual TDOAs provide a better solution.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131104438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398614
S. Karmacharya, G. Putrus, C. Underwood, K. Mahkamov
Electrical demand in a house depends on various factors mainly being the user's behaviour and the rating of the appliances. Some researchers have used daily domestic electrical demand profile at half hour time resolution for the energy management. When data of half hour time interval is used for the analysis of on-site generation, it can lead to over/under -estimates of the proportion of generated energy used on site. As a consequence, this could lead to over/under-estimating in the import and export of power from and to the power grid. In this paper, domestic electricity use profile recorded at high time resolution of one minute is used to analyse the profile obtained at different time resolution and its effect on on-site generation. Daily load profile for summer and winter at time resolution of 30 minute is generated from a data set of 22 houses consisting data of a whole year which is then compared with the daily load curve obtained after diversity maximum demand from the literature. The generated daily load profile is then used to see effect on the low voltage network. For the analysis on the low voltage network, a typical UK low voltage network is developed in the Matlab/Simulink software.
{"title":"Evaluation of domestic electrical demand and its effect on low voltage network","authors":"S. Karmacharya, G. Putrus, C. Underwood, K. Mahkamov","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398614","url":null,"abstract":"Electrical demand in a house depends on various factors mainly being the user's behaviour and the rating of the appliances. Some researchers have used daily domestic electrical demand profile at half hour time resolution for the energy management. When data of half hour time interval is used for the analysis of on-site generation, it can lead to over/under -estimates of the proportion of generated energy used on site. As a consequence, this could lead to over/under-estimating in the import and export of power from and to the power grid. In this paper, domestic electricity use profile recorded at high time resolution of one minute is used to analyse the profile obtained at different time resolution and its effect on on-site generation. Daily load profile for summer and winter at time resolution of 30 minute is generated from a data set of 22 houses consisting data of a whole year which is then compared with the daily load curve obtained after diversity maximum demand from the literature. The generated daily load profile is then used to see effect on the low voltage network. For the analysis on the low voltage network, a typical UK low voltage network is developed in the Matlab/Simulink software.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127007113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-12-31DOI: 10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398588
C. Feeney, M. Duffy
Recently a great deal of work has been done to improve the efficiency of DC-DC converters at light-load. This has been driven by the desire to increase battery life in portable devices and to reduce standby power consumption in mains powered devices. In general, power supplies are moving towards higher switching frequencies to reduce passive component size, resulting in higher switching and gate drive power loss. Several methods to reduce power loss at light-load including Pulse Frequency Modulation and Diode Emulation are investigated in this paper. These methods however result in higher inductor current ripple as the inductor is designed for operation when output current is at its maximum. Distributing inductors in parallel is shown to provide a means for increasing the effective inductance at light-load through reducing current ripple.
{"title":"Comparison of light-load improvement techniques for low power buck converters","authors":"C. Feeney, M. Duffy","doi":"10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/UPEC.2012.6398588","url":null,"abstract":"Recently a great deal of work has been done to improve the efficiency of DC-DC converters at light-load. This has been driven by the desire to increase battery life in portable devices and to reduce standby power consumption in mains powered devices. In general, power supplies are moving towards higher switching frequencies to reduce passive component size, resulting in higher switching and gate drive power loss. Several methods to reduce power loss at light-load including Pulse Frequency Modulation and Diode Emulation are investigated in this paper. These methods however result in higher inductor current ripple as the inductor is designed for operation when output current is at its maximum. Distributing inductors in parallel is shown to provide a means for increasing the effective inductance at light-load through reducing current ripple.","PeriodicalId":326950,"journal":{"name":"2012 47th International Universities Power Engineering Conference (UPEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125431945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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