Adoption and use of hypervisors and virtual machines have become heart of virtual server computing and are currently a primary choice to store and share data across different public and private sectors. However, one of the major security threats is on meager adopter’s knowledge on proper handling of hypervisor installation, VMs creation and configurations. This paper exposes distinct security vulnerabilities of virtualized systems that are caused by the adopters due to various system misconfigurations such as use of unified installer across virtual infrastructure, level of security enhancement in type 2 hypervisors, presence of untouched default settings in open source hypervisors, usage of vendor lock in VMs file formats, ad hoc creation of VMs and allocation of computing resources especially virtual CPU, RAM and HDD. Furthermore, undecided size of key Linux directories including /home directory, /boot directory, /var directory, root (/) directory, /temp directory and swap have also been assessed. To undertake this study, server configurations in 15 public and 9 private organizations were screened. A total of 31 purposively selected server administrators were interviewed guided by a checklist of questions in a semi-structured questionnaire. A quick observation obtained from the findings of this study suggests that server virtualization adopters operate at high security risks due to existence of uncoordinated and unsecured VMs configuration due to lack of required expertise. Lack of regular system auditing and monitoring turn the adopters into vulnerable and target of attack at any time without the adopter’s knowledge. The need for adopters to observe best practices towards adoption and use of virtualization software is vital.
{"title":"A Review of Adopter’s Common Misconfigurations of Virtual Machines: The Case of Tanzania","authors":"S. Ally, N. Jiwaji, C. Tarimo","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V25I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V25I2","url":null,"abstract":"Adoption and use of hypervisors and virtual machines have become heart of virtual server computing and are currently a primary choice to store and share data across different public and private sectors. However, one of the major security threats is on meager adopter’s knowledge on proper handling of hypervisor installation, VMs creation and configurations. This paper exposes distinct security vulnerabilities of virtualized systems that are caused by the adopters due to various system misconfigurations such as use of unified installer across virtual infrastructure, level of security enhancement in type 2 hypervisors, presence of untouched default settings in open source hypervisors, usage of vendor lock in VMs file formats, ad hoc creation of VMs and allocation of computing resources especially virtual CPU, RAM and HDD. Furthermore, undecided size of key Linux directories including /home directory, /boot directory, /var directory, root (/) directory, /temp directory and swap have also been assessed. To undertake this study, server configurations in 15 public and 9 private organizations were screened. A total of 31 purposively selected server administrators were interviewed guided by a checklist of questions in a semi-structured questionnaire. A quick observation obtained from the findings of this study suggests that server virtualization adopters operate at high security risks due to existence of uncoordinated and unsecured VMs configuration due to lack of required expertise. Lack of regular system auditing and monitoring turn the adopters into vulnerable and target of attack at any time without the adopter’s knowledge. The need for adopters to observe best practices towards adoption and use of virtualization software is vital.","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"71 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114313493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of Mobile learning (M-Learning) as a means of Distance Learning (DL). A sample of 120 students were interviewed by using both questionnaire and face- to-face interview. Spreadsheet was used as an instrument to analyse the findings. Results of this study indicate that, distance learning need broadband communication connections, which clearly is more suitable to support online learning. Since Mobile devices have a network connection (3G/4G) available almost (99.999%) of the time in almost every part of developed countries; learners can enjoy the biggest advantage of M-Learning technology- when used; that it can be used anywhere, anytime and its usage is easy access to a larger number of distance learners. It is therefore concluded that effectiveness of M-Learning can be used as a means of DL and once used facilitate the entire distance education by enhancing communication among distance learners and lecturers and ways of delivering lectures.
{"title":"Effectiveness of Mobile Learning as a means of Distance Learning in Tanzania","authors":"J. Mshana","doi":"10.4314/huria.v25i1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/huria.v25i1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research was to explore the effectiveness of Mobile learning (M-Learning) as a means of Distance Learning (DL). A sample of 120 students were interviewed by using both questionnaire and face- to-face interview. Spreadsheet was used as an instrument to analyse the findings. Results of this study indicate that, distance learning need broadband communication connections, which clearly is more suitable to support online learning. Since Mobile devices have a network connection (3G/4G) available almost (99.999%) of the time in almost every part of developed countries; learners can enjoy the biggest advantage of M-Learning technology- when used; that it can be used anywhere, anytime and its usage is easy access to a larger number of distance learners. It is therefore concluded that effectiveness of M-Learning can be used as a means of DL and once used facilitate the entire distance education by enhancing communication among distance learners and lecturers and ways of delivering lectures.","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114374383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sparganum is a plerocercoid of pseudophyllidean tapeworm of Spirometra species. Human sparganosis has been reported in Northern Tanzania. A seroepidemiologic survey was undertaken to detect anti-sparganum specific IgG antibodies in serum of normal inhabitants of Mto wa Mbu, Monduli District, Tanzania. Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the antisparganum antibodies. Positive rate for antisparganum antibody in 185 subjects was 116 (62.7%). Out of these 17 (9.2) were adult males, 80 (43.2%) were adult females and 19 (10.3%) were children (<18 years). Data for the questionnaire for all 116 ELISA positive inhabitants revealed that had history of eating game meat and drinking water from running springs. The data revealed that ELISA would be useful to find infected cases among normal inhabitants at sparganosis endemic areas. Key words: Sparganosis, seroepidemiology, ELISA
Sparganum是一种螺旋体绦虫的假茶树绦虫。坦桑尼亚北部报告了人类斯巴达病。对坦桑尼亚蒙杜利区Mto wa Mbu的正常居民进行了血清流行病学调查，以检测血清中抗sparganum特异性IgG抗体。采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清中抗sparganum抗体。185例患者抗斯巴甘抗体阳性率116例(62.7%)。其中成年男性17例(9.2)，成年女性80例(43.2%)，儿童(<18岁)19例(10.3%)。所有116名ELISA阳性居民的问卷数据显示，他们有吃野味和饮用流动泉水的历史。结果表明，酶联免疫吸附试验可在斯巴达病流行地区的正常居民中发现感染病例。关键词:斯巴达菌病;血清流行病学;ELISA
{"title":"Seroepidemiologic Survey for Human Sparganosis in Mto wa Mbu Division, Monduli District, Tanzania","authors":"N. Kavana, CJ Kavana, AA Kassuku","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V20I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V20I1","url":null,"abstract":"Sparganum is a plerocercoid of pseudophyllidean tapeworm of Spirometra species. Human sparganosis has been reported in Northern Tanzania. A seroepidemiologic survey was undertaken to detect anti-sparganum specific IgG antibodies in serum of normal inhabitants of Mto wa Mbu, Monduli District, Tanzania. Sera were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the antisparganum antibodies. Positive rate for antisparganum antibody in 185 subjects was 116 (62.7%). Out of these 17 (9.2) were adult males, 80 (43.2%) were adult females and 19 (10.3%) were children (<18 years). Data for the questionnaire for all 116 ELISA positive inhabitants revealed that had history of eating game meat and drinking water from running springs. The data revealed that ELISA would be useful to find infected cases among normal inhabitants at sparganosis endemic areas. Key words: Sparganosis, seroepidemiology, ELISA","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114709481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Christopher Faustine, L. Hoffmann, E. Lukonge, F. Tibazarwa
Bacterial blight or leaf blight is a common disease of cotton in almost all cotton growing countries, including Tanzania. Bacterial blight is caused by infection of plants with the bacteria ( Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum ) and the use of resistant cultivars is the most effective long-term strategy to manage the disease. The strategy starts with identification of resistant individuals, which can be identified either phenotypically by inoculation or by use of molecular markers linked to genes that confer resistance. The B12 gene is known to confer a high level of resistance to all Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum races found in USA and Africa. Four Brazilian and three local cultivars were screened for the presence of SSR (CIR246) and SNP NG0207155 markers linked to B12. The SNP marker showed the greatest frequency of resistance-linked alleles in the cultivar UK08 (85.71%) followed by UK91 (75%),UKM08 and Ipe (25%), Araca(8.33%),Aroeira (7.1%) and the least in Cedro (0%). Comparable results were recorded for SSR marker where the cultivar UK08 presented relatively higher frequency of resistance alleles (85.71%) of samples tested followed by UK91 (68.75%), UKM08 (25%), Ipe, Aroeira and Araca (8%) and the last was Cedro (0%). The results suggest the potential utility of Tanzanian germplasm in breeding for resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum race 18 and the need to purify the same germplasm by marker assisted selection. Key words: Bacterial Blight, Cotton, Resistant cultivars, Tanzania.
{"title":"Marker-assisted Screening of Cotton Cultivars for Bacterial Blight Resistance Gene","authors":"Christopher Faustine, L. Hoffmann, E. Lukonge, F. Tibazarwa","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V19I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V19I1","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial blight or leaf blight is a common disease of cotton in almost all cotton growing countries, including Tanzania. Bacterial blight is caused by infection of plants with the bacteria ( Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum ) and the use of resistant cultivars is the most effective long-term strategy to manage the disease. The strategy starts with identification of resistant individuals, which can be identified either phenotypically by inoculation or by use of molecular markers linked to genes that confer resistance. The B12 gene is known to confer a high level of resistance to all Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum races found in USA and Africa. Four Brazilian and three local cultivars were screened for the presence of SSR (CIR246) and SNP NG0207155 markers linked to B12. The SNP marker showed the greatest frequency of resistance-linked alleles in the cultivar UK08 (85.71%) followed by UK91 (75%),UKM08 and Ipe (25%), Araca(8.33%),Aroeira (7.1%) and the least in Cedro (0%). Comparable results were recorded for SSR marker where the cultivar UK08 presented relatively higher frequency of resistance alleles (85.71%) of samples tested followed by UK91 (68.75%), UKM08 (25%), Ipe, Aroeira and Araca (8%) and the last was Cedro (0%). The results suggest the potential utility of Tanzanian germplasm in breeding for resistance to Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum race 18 and the need to purify the same germplasm by marker assisted selection. Key words: Bacterial Blight, Cotton, Resistant cultivars, Tanzania.","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131227747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A study was conducted to assess the practices with respect to management of animal wastes and awareness of livestock keepers on the environmental and public health risks associated with improper management of animal wastes in 66 livestock-keeping households in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection, complemented with review of secondary data and researchers’ observations. Majority of respondents (91.0%) heaped the wastes near the animal shed and none of them treated the waste before disposal. Main methods for waste disposal were spreading as manure on crop farms (62.1%) and burning (10.6%), and about 24% respondents disposed the wastes on any available open space. It was also observed that 40.9% of the respondents were aware of environmental risks caused by improper disposal of animal wastes while 59.1% were not aware of such risks, and the risk mentioned was air pollution. About 57.6% of the respondents were aware of the public health risks and they mentioned skin infections, helminthosis, diarrhea, allergy and respiratory infections. Majority of the respondents (87.9%) were not aware of the existence of legislation governing animal waste management. It can be concluded from the study that the limited knowledge on proper management of animal wastes in the study area as well as lack of enforcement of legislation predisposes the environment and public to health risks. It is recommended that responsible authorities should initiate programmes to educate livestock keepers and the general public on appropriate waste management technologies in order to minimize public and environmental health risks. Key words : animal wastes, environment, public health
{"title":"Animal Waste Management Practices and Perceptions on Public and Environmental Health Risks","authors":"L. Kusiluka, P. Gallet, An Mtawa","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V12I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V12I1","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to assess the practices with respect to management of animal wastes and awareness of livestock keepers on the environmental and public health risks associated with improper management of animal wastes in 66 livestock-keeping households in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection, complemented with review of secondary data and researchers’ observations. Majority of respondents (91.0%) heaped the wastes near the animal shed and none of them treated the waste before disposal. Main methods for waste disposal were spreading as manure on crop farms (62.1%) and burning (10.6%), and about 24% respondents disposed the wastes on any available open space. It was also observed that 40.9% of the respondents were aware of environmental risks caused by improper disposal of animal wastes while 59.1% were not aware of such risks, and the risk mentioned was air pollution. About 57.6% of the respondents were aware of the public health risks and they mentioned skin infections, helminthosis, diarrhea, allergy and respiratory infections. Majority of the respondents (87.9%) were not aware of the existence of legislation governing animal waste management. It can be concluded from the study that the limited knowledge on proper management of animal wastes in the study area as well as lack of enforcement of legislation predisposes the environment and public to health risks. It is recommended that responsible authorities should initiate programmes to educate livestock keepers and the general public on appropriate waste management technologies in order to minimize public and environmental health risks. Key words : animal wastes, environment, public health","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116484758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the challenges facing distance students in Geography field Practical projects (GFPs) at The Open University of Tanzania (OUT). A random sample size of 19 students who participated in GFP1 in 2009 and 2010 were selected from randomly sampled regional centres of Singida, Dodoma, Njombe, and Morogoro centres of OUT. The respondents were interviewed using questionnaires on their experience in GFP. They also formed a focused discussion group (FDG) for this study. Both content analysis and descriptive analysis were used. Findings showed a downward trend of students’ attendance to fieldwork as compared to the early years when GFPs was introduced. The study sample revealed that, in 2006 the four selected regional centres recorded 375 (76.5%) students attended fieldwork out of 490 (100%) students who registered for GFP. In year 2010, only 132 (53.9%) attended out of 245 students who registered for GFP. Besides, 63.2% of the respondents in the study sample said they were supervised in GFP1 under limited time of 2-3 days as supervisors had to leave fieldwork due to time constraint. The paper recommends the urgent need to improve GFP organization, especially adherence to 21 days allocated for GFP and financial support in order to achieve its established objectives and goals at large. Key words : The Open University of Tanzania, Geography field Practical projects, challenges, distance education
{"title":"The Challenges Facing Distance Students in Undertaking Geography Field Practical Projects: The Case of the Open University of Tanzania Students","authors":"L. Mbati","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V13I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V13I2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the challenges facing distance students in Geography field Practical projects (GFPs) at The Open University of Tanzania (OUT). A random sample size of 19 students who participated in GFP1 in 2009 and 2010 were selected from randomly sampled regional centres of Singida, Dodoma, Njombe, and Morogoro centres of OUT. The respondents were interviewed using questionnaires on their experience in GFP. They also formed a focused discussion group (FDG) for this study. Both content analysis and descriptive analysis were used. Findings showed a downward trend of students’ attendance to fieldwork as compared to the early years when GFPs was introduced. The study sample revealed that, in 2006 the four selected regional centres recorded 375 (76.5%) students attended fieldwork out of 490 (100%) students who registered for GFP. In year 2010, only 132 (53.9%) attended out of 245 students who registered for GFP. Besides, 63.2% of the respondents in the study sample said they were supervised in GFP1 under limited time of 2-3 days as supervisors had to leave fieldwork due to time constraint. The paper recommends the urgent need to improve GFP organization, especially adherence to 21 days allocated for GFP and financial support in order to achieve its established objectives and goals at large. Key words : The Open University of Tanzania, Geography field Practical projects, challenges, distance education","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123097929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-20DOI: 10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33990
A.O.J. Kaniki
No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003: 82-88
无摘要可用:《坦桑尼亚开放大学学报》Vol.5 2003: 82-88
{"title":"Treatment of Older People in Tanzania: A Brief Look at the Law and Practice","authors":"A.O.J. Kaniki","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33990","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003: 82-88","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130516122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-20DOI: 10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33993
A. Nkhoma-Wamunza
No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003: 120-133
无摘要可用:《坦桑尼亚开放大学学报》Vol.5 2003: 120-133
{"title":"Library Automation: The Role and Significance of Library Automation Plans","authors":"A. Nkhoma-Wamunza","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33993","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33993","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003: 120-133","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"57 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114021044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-20DOI: 10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33991
G. J. Nyamubi
No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003: 89-110
《坦桑尼亚开放大学学报》Vol.5 2003: 89-110
{"title":"The Influence of Motivation on Secondary School Students' Performance in English Language","authors":"G. J. Nyamubi","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33991","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003: 89-110","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124535336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2005-05-20DOI: 10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33986
V. Lema
No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003:36-50
无摘要可用:《坦桑尼亚开放大学学报》Vol.5 2003:36-50
{"title":"Teacher Factors that Lead to Pupil Motivation not to Learn in Tanzania Primary Schools","authors":"V. Lema","doi":"10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/HURIA.V5I1.33986","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract Available Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania Vol.5 2003:36-50","PeriodicalId":327958,"journal":{"name":"Huria: Journal of the Open University of Tanzania","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125756227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：