Pub Date : 2017-09-01DOI: 10.1089/gg.2017.29006.rtl
G. Einstein, M. Legato, S. Barros, R. Juster, B. McEwen
Dr. Legato: The discussion is meant to address the interaction between the genome and the environment and is essentially a discussion of the role of epigenetics in modifying the phenotype. We think it is one of the most important issues in molecular biology, and resolves the artificial division between what is biological sex and what the role of the environment is in producing the final phenotype. So, with that introduction, I would like to introduce the moderator of this discussion, Gillian Einstein, the Wilfred and Joyce Posluns Chair in Women’s Brain Health and Aging. Gillian, I am going to also introduce and describe the areas of interest of Robert-Paul Juster, Bruce McEwen, and Dr. Barros. Dr. Juster’s research program focuses on chronic stress among diverse social groups. Over the last decade, he has developed expertise in measuring chronic stress, known as the allostatic load, which describes the physiological dysregulations related to chronic stress and unhealthy behaviors. Dr. Bruce McEwen is the Alfred Mirsky Professor and the Head of the Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology at the Rockefeller University. He has studied extensively the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the effects of stress and sex hormones on the adult and developing brain. His particular contribution for the purposes of this roundtable is his creation of a new understanding of how the brain changes in adult life and during development, with particular emphasis on understanding the impact of stress on the brain and sex differences in human brain function. Dr. Barros is an expert on the link between inflammation and cancer insights into the role of epigenetics in cell differentiation. She is in the Department of Periodontology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Gillian, would you like to begin the discussion? Dr. Einstein: Yes. You might all say what is at the top of your list with respect to this topic. Bruce, do you want to go first?
Legato博士：这次讨论旨在解决基因组和环境之间的相互作用，本质上是对表观遗传学在改变表型中的作用的讨论。我们认为这是分子生物学中最重要的问题之一，解决了生物学性别和环境在产生最终表型中的作用之间的人为划分。因此，在这篇介绍中，我想介绍一下本次讨论的主持人吉莉安·爱因斯坦，威尔弗雷德和乔伊斯·波斯伦的女性大脑健康与衰老主席。Gillian，我还将介绍和描述Robert Paul Juster、Bruce McEwen和Barros博士感兴趣的领域。Juster博士的研究项目侧重于不同社会群体的慢性压力。在过去的十年里，他发展了测量慢性压力的专业知识，称为异速负荷，它描述了与慢性压力和不健康行为相关的生理失调。Bruce McEwen博士是洛克菲勒大学Alfred Mirsky教授和神经内分泌学实验室主任。他广泛研究了压力和性激素对成人和发育中的大脑影响的细胞和分子机制。他对此次圆桌会议的特别贡献是，他对大脑在成年生活和发育过程中的变化有了新的理解，特别强调理解压力对大脑的影响和人类大脑功能的性别差异。巴罗斯博士是研究炎症和癌症之间联系的专家，深入了解了表观遗传学在细胞分化中的作用。她就读于北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校牙周病学系。阿娇，你想开始讨论吗？爱因斯坦博士：是的。关于这个话题，你们可能都会说出你列表中最重要的内容。布鲁斯，你想先去吗？
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L. Longobardo, C. Zito, S. Carerj, G. Caracciolo, B. Khandheria
Stress cardiomyopathy, also known as “Takotsubo syndrome” (TS), is a complex disease that typically affects postmenopausal women. The pathophysiology is still largely unknown, but evidence of a frequent association between TS and stressful events has evoked the hypothesis of a pathophysiologic role of sympathetic overdrive in the myocardial dysfunction. However, despite several studies, the role gender plays in TS onset remains unclear because stress cardiomyopathy also has been described in young women and in men. Moreover, although several cases of a familial cluster of TS have been reported, no responsible gene mutations or polymorphisms have been clearly identified so far, and neither the modality of transmission or the true impact of genetic background. In this review, we discuss the role of gender in the onset, course, and outcomes of TS and we report the available data about polymorphisms and gene mutations so far investigated, trying to critically analyze the evidence reported in the literature.
{"title":"Influence of Genetics and Gender in Takotsubo Syndrome: Unexplored Areas of an Incompletely Understood Disease","authors":"L. Longobardo, C. Zito, S. Carerj, G. Caracciolo, B. Khandheria","doi":"10.1089/gg.2017.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/gg.2017.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Stress cardiomyopathy, also known as “Takotsubo syndrome” (TS), is a complex disease that typically affects postmenopausal women. The pathophysiology is still largely unknown, but evidence of a frequent association between TS and stressful events has evoked the hypothesis of a pathophysiologic role of sympathetic overdrive in the myocardial dysfunction. However, despite several studies, the role gender plays in TS onset remains unclear because stress cardiomyopathy also has been described in young women and in men. Moreover, although several cases of a familial cluster of TS have been reported, no responsible gene mutations or polymorphisms have been clearly identified so far, and neither the modality of transmission or the true impact of genetic background. In this review, we discuss the role of gender in the onset, course, and outcomes of TS and we report the available data about polymorphisms and gene mutations so far investigated, trying to critically analyze the evidence reported in the literature.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"1 1","pages":"116 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/gg.2017.0011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61127118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-06-01DOI: 10.1089/gg.2017.29004.rtl
Michael A. Schmidt, S. M. Bailey, T. Goodwin, J. Jones, Justin P. Killian, M. Legato, C. Limoli, Sherif Moussa, L. Ploutz-Snyder
The interest in extraterrestrial travel is accelerating, as is evident not only in the expanding governmental programs, but also in private commercial ventures. Preparing the professional astronaut for space travel presents a different challenge than does assessing whether a commercial space traveler is fit enough to sustain the rigors of such an adventure. For both categories of voyagers, however, we must consider the extensive differences between men and women, including both their strengths and vulnerabilities. The population of astronauts that have been trained and assessed is relatively small. Therefore, the personalized assessment and preparation of the individual space traveler is currently a subject of intense interest. This roundtable discussion will consider the many issues surrounding our newest explorations into extraterrestrial flight.
{"title":"Men, Women, and Space Travel: Gene-Linked Molecular Networks, Human Countermeasures, and Legal and Ethical Considerations","authors":"Michael A. Schmidt, S. M. Bailey, T. Goodwin, J. Jones, Justin P. Killian, M. Legato, C. Limoli, Sherif Moussa, L. Ploutz-Snyder","doi":"10.1089/gg.2017.29004.rtl","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/gg.2017.29004.rtl","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in extraterrestrial travel is accelerating, as is evident not only in the expanding governmental programs, but also in private commercial ventures. Preparing the professional astronaut for space travel presents a different challenge than does assessing whether a commercial space traveler is fit enough to sustain the rigors of such an adventure. For both categories of voyagers, however, we must consider the extensive differences between men and women, including both their strengths and vulnerabilities. The population of astronauts that have been trained and assessed is relatively small. Therefore, the personalized assessment and preparation of the individual space traveler is currently a subject of intense interest. This roundtable discussion will consider the many issues surrounding our newest explorations into extraterrestrial flight.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"1 1","pages":"54 - 67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/gg.2017.29004.rtl","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43245452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mandatory teaching of sex- and gender-specific medicine (SGSM) is an essential tool to prepare future physicians for clinical care. Textbooks still play an important role for physician training in Germany. They are one of the main sources of structured and validated information. The present study was conducted to investigate the incorporation of SGSM knowledge about myocardial infarction (MI) into the standard cardiology textbooks used for teaching by German medical faculties. Additionally, the analyzed books were screened for implicit and explicit gender bias in a qualitative manner. Ten books were selected for analysis; they were issued in the years 2008–2012 and present in 30% or more of the 36 German academic medical libraries. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of content, language, and visual representations of the sexes in discussions of MI were conducted. All of the analyzed books describe the symptoms present in male bodies as the norm and 7 of the 10 books describe women as “special” or “abnormal”; hence, they fail to address the unique experience of women suffering from MI. Sex and gender bias are widely present and the depiction of women in German cardiology textbooks is discriminatory.
{"title":"Sex and Gender Representations of Myocardial Infarction in German Medical Books","authors":"Sarah Hiltner, S. Oertelt-Prigione","doi":"10.1089/gg.2017.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/gg.2017.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Mandatory teaching of sex- and gender-specific medicine (SGSM) is an essential tool to prepare future physicians for clinical care. Textbooks still play an important role for physician training in Germany. They are one of the main sources of structured and validated information. The present study was conducted to investigate the incorporation of SGSM knowledge about myocardial infarction (MI) into the standard cardiology textbooks used for teaching by German medical faculties. Additionally, the analyzed books were screened for implicit and explicit gender bias in a qualitative manner. Ten books were selected for analysis; they were issued in the years 2008–2012 and present in 30% or more of the 36 German academic medical libraries. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of content, language, and visual representations of the sexes in discussions of MI were conducted. All of the analyzed books describe the symptoms present in male bodies as the norm and 7 of the 10 books describe women as “special” or “abnormal”; hence, they fail to address the unique experience of women suffering from MI. Sex and gender bias are widely present and the depiction of women in German cardiology textbooks is discriminatory.","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"1 1","pages":"68 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/gg.2017.0003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45710635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender and the Genome: A New Journal for the 21st Century:","authors":"J. LegatoMarianne","doi":"10.1089/GG.2016.0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/GG.2016.0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/GG.2016.0005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61126958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1089/GG.2016.29002.NOM
NomuraTatsuya
Abstract This article provides an overview of the current research on gender in human–robot interaction (HRI) including a discussion of the effects of gender characteristics in robotics design (robot gender), gender differences on interaction with robots (human gender), and some interaction effects between the two. The article also reviews research that examined the impact of the interaction between humans and robots with regard to robot appearance and behaviors, and situational factors, such as tasks and roles. Although the current state of research findings is complicated, it appears that even simple gendering of robots by manipulation of voice and name can affect humans' feelings and behaviors toward robots. These effects vary and are dependent on other factors, including human gender. Future research should focus on gender stereotypes, cultural influences, and robotic applications in various fields. At the same time, we should consider if gendering of robots, for given roles, is really necessary to en...
{"title":"Robots and Gender","authors":"NomuraTatsuya","doi":"10.1089/GG.2016.29002.NOM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1089/GG.2016.29002.NOM","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article provides an overview of the current research on gender in human–robot interaction (HRI) including a discussion of the effects of gender characteristics in robotics design (robot gender), gender differences on interaction with robots (human gender), and some interaction effects between the two. The article also reviews research that examined the impact of the interaction between humans and robots with regard to robot appearance and behaviors, and situational factors, such as tasks and roles. Although the current state of research findings is complicated, it appears that even simple gendering of robots by manipulation of voice and name can affect humans' feelings and behaviors toward robots. These effects vary and are dependent on other factors, including human gender. Future research should focus on gender stereotypes, cultural influences, and robotic applications in various fields. At the same time, we should consider if gendering of robots, for given roles, is really necessary to en...","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1089/GG.2016.29002.NOM","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"61127013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.1177/247028971700100101
U. Avula, Meghana Noonavath, E. Wan
{"title":"Review Article: Gender Differences in Atrial Fibrillation","authors":"U. Avula, Meghana Noonavath, E. Wan","doi":"10.1177/247028971700100101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/247028971700100101","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":32801,"journal":{"name":"Gender and the Genome","volume":"1 1","pages":"1 - 32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/247028971700100101","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48675205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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