Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12752
J. Sutrisno, Indah Nurhayati, Muhammad Al Kholif, Dinda Rahmaniasari
Untreated domestic wastewater can pollute the aquatic ecosystem. Vermifilter integrated with the Canna indica plant is one of the technological alternatives that can be used to treat domestic wastewater. One of affecting the performance of vermifilters is the vermibed media. Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of vermibed material on the concentration of COD, TP, DO, and the pH value of domestic wastewater treated with vermifilter combined with Canna indica plants. Methodology and Results: The research was conducted on a laboratory scale with a a continuous system using a plastic reactor dimension of 59 x 38 x 29 cm, which is filled with sand filter media, coconut fiber, gravel, and vermibed. The vermibed reactor consists of 4 reactors including reactor 1 (R1) vegetable vermibed, reactor 2 (R2) sawdust, reactor 3 (R3) banana peel, and reactor 4 (R4) cow dung. The results showed that at the end of the research, the best performance is showed by reactor R2 that able to decrease COD 94.81%, TP 92.07%, DO increase 320.00%, pH 6.30±0.10. Vermibed sawdust (R2) can lower COD, TP and raise DO higher to treat domestic wastewater by combining vermifilter with Canna indica plant. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Vermifilter with Canna indica plant is an effective wastewater treatment in reducing COD, TP, increasing DO and pH value. This treatment is easy processing of operation and maintenance, does not require large land, can be done on an individual scale, and is environmentally friendly.
未经处理的生活污水会污染水生生态系统。与美人蕉植物集成的vermfilter是可用于处理生活废水的技术替代方案之一。影响蠕虫过滤器性能的因素之一是蠕虫介质。目的:研究蠕化物质对美人蕉与蚯蚓滤池联合处理生活废水中COD、TP、DO浓度及pH值的影响。方法和结果:研究在实验室规模上进行，使用尺寸为59 x 38 x 29 cm的塑料反应器连续系统，其中填充砂过滤介质，椰子纤维，砾石和蠕虫。蠕化反应器由反应器1 (R1)蔬菜蠕化、反应器2 (R2)木屑、反应器3 (R3)香蕉皮、反应器4 (R4)牛粪4个反应器组成。结果表明，研究结束时，R2反应器性能最佳，COD降低94.81%，TP降低92.07%，DO提高320.00%，pH降低6.30±0.10。蚯蚓木屑(R2)与美人蕉复合处理生活废水，可降低COD、TP，提高DO。结论、意义及影响研究:美人蕉植物滤池处理废水能有效降低COD、TP、提高DO和pH值。这种处理易于操作和维护，不需要很大的土地，可以在个体规模上进行，并且是环保的。
{"title":"DOMESTIC WASTEWATER TREATMENT USING VERMIFILTER COMBINED WITH CANNA INDICA","authors":"J. Sutrisno, Indah Nurhayati, Muhammad Al Kholif, Dinda Rahmaniasari","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12752","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated domestic wastewater can pollute the aquatic ecosystem. Vermifilter integrated with the Canna indica plant is one of the technological alternatives that can be used to treat domestic wastewater. One of affecting the performance of vermifilters is the vermibed media. Aim: This study aims to examine the effect of vermibed material on the concentration of COD, TP, DO, and the pH value of domestic wastewater treated with vermifilter combined with Canna indica plants. Methodology and Results: The research was conducted on a laboratory scale with a a continuous system using a plastic reactor dimension of 59 x 38 x 29 cm, which is filled with sand filter media, coconut fiber, gravel, and vermibed. The vermibed reactor consists of 4 reactors including reactor 1 (R1) vegetable vermibed, reactor 2 (R2) sawdust, reactor 3 (R3) banana peel, and reactor 4 (R4) cow dung. The results showed that at the end of the research, the best performance is showed by reactor R2 that able to decrease COD 94.81%, TP 92.07%, DO increase 320.00%, pH 6.30±0.10. Vermibed sawdust (R2) can lower COD, TP and raise DO higher to treat domestic wastewater by combining vermifilter with Canna indica plant. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: Vermifilter with Canna indica plant is an effective wastewater treatment in reducing COD, TP, increasing DO and pH value. This treatment is easy processing of operation and maintenance, does not require large land, can be done on an individual scale, and is environmentally friendly.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"38 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131727181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12776
Michael Subroto, W. Prayogo, P. Soewondo, A. Setiyawan
Aim: The modified Small-scale Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant (SDSTP) reactor with anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is implemented to find the optimum condition for organic degradation related to recirculation and intermittent aeration practices with the purpose to comply with the governmental regulation standard. Methodology and Results: This research have been done with the artificial wastewater with characteristic similar to the sewage treatment plant (STP) of Telkom company with ratio C:N:P of characterized domestic wastewater is 252.40:85.42:3.01 that consists of glucose, NH4Cl, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Reactor design related with attached biomass in media until 2478.56 mg MLVSS.L-1 with the growth kinetics rate (μ) of 0.4691 day—1. The artificial wastewater is applied the determine the optimum variation of flow recirculation and periodic aeration in specific Hydraulics Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR). In this research, the optimum recirculation ratio for organic degradation is 26.40 L.h-1 and the optimum aeration frequency variation is 12 hours in intermittent frequency with the maximum efficiency of organic degradation of 76.10% with the degradation efficiency real domestic wastewater application from STP Telkom company is 83.09%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Stover-Kincannon model is the best model with highest accuracy rate to model the degradation performance of organic compounds by the anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic MBBR SDSTP with determination coefficient 0.8623 and also degradation coefficient 38.121 day-1 compared with other models studied in this research.
目的:采用厌氧固定床-好氧移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)对小型生活污水处理厂(SDSTP)进行改造，寻找循环和间歇曝气工艺中有机降解的最佳条件，使其符合政府监管标准。方法与结果:本研究采用与Telkom公司污水处理厂(STP)特征相似的人工废水，其特征生活废水的C:N:P比为252.40:85.42:3.01，由葡萄糖、NH4Cl、磷酸二氢钾、硝酸钾和亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)组成。反应器设计与培养基中附着的生物质相关，直到2478.56 mg MLVSS。L-1的生长动力学速率(μ)为0.4691 d -1。应用人工废水确定了流量再循环和周期曝气在比水力停留时间(HRT)和有机负荷率(OLR)下的最佳变化。在本研究中，有机降解的最佳循环比为26.40 l - h-1，最佳曝气频率变化为间歇频率12 h，有机降解效率最高为76.10%，STP电信公司实际生活废水的降解效率为83.09%。结论、意义及影响研究:与本研究的其他模型相比，stov - kincannon模型是模拟厌氧固定床-好氧MBBR SDSTP降解有机物性能的最佳模型，其决定系数为0.8623，降解系数为38.121 day-1。
{"title":"ORGANIC REMOVAL IN DOMESTIC WASTEWATER USING ANAEROBIC TREATMENT SYSTEM-MBBR WITH FLOW RECIRCULATION RATIO AND INTERMITTENT AERATION","authors":"Michael Subroto, W. Prayogo, P. Soewondo, A. Setiyawan","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12776","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The modified Small-scale Domestic Sewage Treatment Plant (SDSTP) reactor with anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) is implemented to find the optimum condition for organic degradation related to recirculation and intermittent aeration practices with the purpose to comply with the governmental regulation standard. Methodology and Results: This research have been done with the artificial wastewater with characteristic similar to the sewage treatment plant (STP) of Telkom company with ratio C:N:P of characterized domestic wastewater is 252.40:85.42:3.01 that consists of glucose, NH4Cl, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium nitrate, and sodium nitrite (NaNO2). Reactor design related with attached biomass in media until 2478.56 mg MLVSS.L-1 with the growth kinetics rate (μ) of 0.4691 day—1. The artificial wastewater is applied the determine the optimum variation of flow recirculation and periodic aeration in specific Hydraulics Retention Time (HRT) and Organic Loading Rate (OLR). In this research, the optimum recirculation ratio for organic degradation is 26.40 L.h-1 and the optimum aeration frequency variation is 12 hours in intermittent frequency with the maximum efficiency of organic degradation of 76.10% with the degradation efficiency real domestic wastewater application from STP Telkom company is 83.09%. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Stover-Kincannon model is the best model with highest accuracy rate to model the degradation performance of organic compounds by the anaerobic fixed bed- aerobic MBBR SDSTP with determination coefficient 0.8623 and also degradation coefficient 38.121 day-1 compared with other models studied in this research.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121037208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.14447
R. Pratiwi, S. Slamet, D. A. Chusniyah, W. Yanti
The issue of environment and sustainable energy are two issues that have not been completely resolved until today. Liquid waste treatment technology, which can remove pollutants and produce hydrogen gas, is interesting to study since hydrogen itself is one of the energy sources whose use has begun to be developed. Aim: The following article will discuss several aspects that can be developed in each technology. Methodology and Results: Electrocoagulation and photocatalyst are both technologies which are possible to eliminate liquid pollutants while producing hydrogen in a single process. Research that attempts to combine two processes to improve the ability to treat pollutants in wastewater while producing hydrogen has been carried out. The optimization process can be carried out respectively in terms of electrocoagulation and photocatalytic technology. Modifications can also be made by combining the two processes of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis, either sequentially or simultaneously. Modification process carried out aims to increase hydrogen recovery without neglecting the ability of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis in removing organic waste. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: This brief review provides an overview of the potential of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis technology in its ability to remove liquid waste while producing hydrogen gas. The opportunity to combine the two processes is also shown based on previous studies. The review is carried out based on an in-depth study of the research that has been done. The simultaneous use of both processes has been shown to provide much better capabilities in terms of removing liquid waste and producing hydrogen gas.
{"title":"SIMULTANEOUS ELECTROCOAGULATION - PHOTOCATALYTIC SCENARIO TO ENHANCE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT: A BRIEF OVERVIEW","authors":"R. Pratiwi, S. Slamet, D. A. Chusniyah, W. Yanti","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.14447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.14447","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of environment and sustainable energy are two issues that have not been completely resolved until today. Liquid waste treatment technology, which can remove pollutants and produce hydrogen gas, is interesting to study since hydrogen itself is one of the energy sources whose use has begun to be developed. Aim: The following article will discuss several aspects that can be developed in each technology. Methodology and Results: Electrocoagulation and photocatalyst are both technologies which are possible to eliminate liquid pollutants while producing hydrogen in a single process. Research that attempts to combine two processes to improve the ability to treat pollutants in wastewater while producing hydrogen has been carried out. The optimization process can be carried out respectively in terms of electrocoagulation and photocatalytic technology. Modifications can also be made by combining the two processes of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis, either sequentially or simultaneously. Modification process carried out aims to increase hydrogen recovery without neglecting the ability of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis in removing organic waste. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: This brief review provides an overview of the potential of electrocoagulation and photocatalysis technology in its ability to remove liquid waste while producing hydrogen gas. The opportunity to combine the two processes is also shown based on previous studies. The review is carried out based on an in-depth study of the research that has been done. The simultaneous use of both processes has been shown to provide much better capabilities in terms of removing liquid waste and producing hydrogen gas.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130948549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12463
Moh. Zainal Bahrudin, A. Yulistyorini, T. Rahayuningsih
The drinking water distribution network in Istana Dieng residence is categorized as an isolated network because it does not connect with the other water distribution networks provided by the Malang Water Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum, PDAM). For this reason, the residual chlorine of the isolated distribution network needs to be monitored regularly. Aim: This study aims to observe residual chlorine distribution patterns and investigate the effect of distribution distance, pH, and temperature on residual chlorine concentration in the water distribution network. Methodology and Results: Analytical survey method with a cross-sectional approach was used in this study. The field survey results and the water analysis were inputted into the ArcGIS 10.6 software to generate an Isoconcentration map. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 16.0. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results showed that 65% of the residual chlorine concentration in the drinking water distribution network Istana Dieng residence did not meet the quality standard (<0.2 mg/l). Twenty-six sample points showed a value of 0.1 mg/l, which was caused by the pipe's physical condition and the use of wells connected to the PDAM network. There was a significant correlation between distance and residual chlorine concentration. The significant correlation between pH and residual chlorine concentration showed a value of -0.690. The correlation between temperature and residual chlorine concentration was -0.633. It was proven that the lower the residual chlorine concentration, the higher the pH and temperature values in the distribution network.
Istana Dieng住宅的饮用水分配网络被归类为一个孤立的网络，因为它没有与Malang供水公司(Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum, PDAM)提供的其他供水网络连接。因此，需要对隔离配电网的余氯进行定期监测。目的:观察配水网络中余氯的分布规律，探讨分布距离、pH、温度对配水网络中余氯浓度的影响。方法与结果:本研究采用横断面分析调查法。将野外调查结果和水质分析输入ArcGIS 10.6软件，生成等浓度图。采用SPSS 16.0进行相关分析和回归分析。研究结论、意义及影响:结果表明，伊斯坦布尔Dieng住宅饮用水配管网中65%的余氯浓度不符合质量标准(<0.2 mg/l)。26个采样点的值为0.1 mg/l，这是由于管道的物理状况和连接到PDAM网络的井的使用造成的。距离与余氯浓度呈显著相关。pH值与余氯浓度呈显著相关，相关性为-0.690。温度与余氯浓度的相关系数为-0.633。结果表明，余氯浓度越低，配电网的pH值和温度值越高。
{"title":"ANALYSIS OF RESIDUAL CHLORINE CONCENTRATION IN DISTRIBUTION NETWORK OF DRINKING WATER SUPPLY AT ISTANA DIENG II RESIDENCE OF MALANG, EAST JAVA, INDONESIA","authors":"Moh. Zainal Bahrudin, A. Yulistyorini, T. Rahayuningsih","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12463","url":null,"abstract":"The drinking water distribution network in Istana Dieng residence is categorized as an isolated network because it does not connect with the other water distribution networks provided by the Malang Water Company (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum, PDAM). For this reason, the residual chlorine of the isolated distribution network needs to be monitored regularly. Aim: This study aims to observe residual chlorine distribution patterns and investigate the effect of distribution distance, pH, and temperature on residual chlorine concentration in the water distribution network. Methodology and Results: Analytical survey method with a cross-sectional approach was used in this study. The field survey results and the water analysis were inputted into the ArcGIS 10.6 software to generate an Isoconcentration map. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 16.0. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The results showed that 65% of the residual chlorine concentration in the drinking water distribution network Istana Dieng residence did not meet the quality standard (<0.2 mg/l). Twenty-six sample points showed a value of 0.1 mg/l, which was caused by the pipe's physical condition and the use of wells connected to the PDAM network. There was a significant correlation between distance and residual chlorine concentration. The significant correlation between pH and residual chlorine concentration showed a value of -0.690. The correlation between temperature and residual chlorine concentration was -0.633. It was proven that the lower the residual chlorine concentration, the higher the pH and temperature values in the distribution network.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124563935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-13DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.14448
Anita Sitawati, H. M. Taki, R. D. Andajani
Globalization causes multinational entrepreneurs to move their business locations across geographical boundaries. The Multinational Entrepreneurs running businesses across geographic boundaries are called Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). One factor that determines the success of FDI is the accurate choice of investment location. Currently, Climate Change plays a significant role in business decisions. Aim: This study aimed to assess the selection of investment locations using the demand-side analysis and environmental policies approach. Methodology and results: The sample was the Electronic and Automotive industry located in the JABABEKA Industrial Estate, Jakarta, Indonesia. The primary data were collected from the respondents' perceptions and processed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. The SEM-PLS results showed that the path coefficient of the relationship between Environmental Regulations and the Investment Locations Choice was 0.314. Therefore, Environmental Regulation significantly affected Investment Locations Choice. Furthermore, the path coefficient of the relationship between Environmental Litigation and the Investment Locations Choice was 0.113, with a P-value > 0.05. This means that Environmental Litigation insignificantly affects the Investment Locations Choice. Conclusion, significance, and impact: Environmental regulations and litigation affect the location selection by investors. Therefore, urban planners should formulate policies for providing better waste and air pollution treatment facilities in each industrial area to increase the attractiveness of Indonesia as a Host Country.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES ON SELECTING INVESTMENT LOCATIONS","authors":"Anita Sitawati, H. M. Taki, R. D. Andajani","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.14448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.14448","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization causes multinational entrepreneurs to move their business locations across geographical boundaries. The Multinational Entrepreneurs running businesses across geographic boundaries are called Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). One factor that determines the success of FDI is the accurate choice of investment location. Currently, Climate Change plays a significant role in business decisions. Aim: This study aimed to assess the selection of investment locations using the demand-side analysis and environmental policies approach. Methodology and results: The sample was the Electronic and Automotive industry located in the JABABEKA Industrial Estate, Jakarta, Indonesia. The primary data were collected from the respondents' perceptions and processed using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) method. The SEM-PLS results showed that the path coefficient of the relationship between Environmental Regulations and the Investment Locations Choice was 0.314. Therefore, Environmental Regulation significantly affected Investment Locations Choice. Furthermore, the path coefficient of the relationship between Environmental Litigation and the Investment Locations Choice was 0.113, with a P-value > 0.05. This means that Environmental Litigation insignificantly affects the Investment Locations Choice. Conclusion, significance, and impact: Environmental regulations and litigation affect the location selection by investors. Therefore, urban planners should formulate policies for providing better waste and air pollution treatment facilities in each industrial area to increase the attractiveness of Indonesia as a Host Country.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129338251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12838
Vita Pramaningsih, H. Hansen, S. Praveena, Ucik Ika Fenti Styana
Aim: This study is purpose to understand the chemical and physical characteristics and pollution load in each step of tempeh wastewater: washing, boiling, soaking and mixing. Tempeh is traditional food from soybean fermentation. Tempeh has a lot of healthy contents as protein and vitamin. However, wastewater from tempeh production is discharge to river directly which considered as environmentally damaging. However, the characteristics of wastewater from tempeh production and its level of environmental impacts to environment are limitedly studied. Methodology and Results: Tempeh wastewater was analyzed in chemical and physical parameters. Chemical characteristics analyzed are pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). pH was measured using pH meter, BOD using SNI 6989.72:2009 method and COD using SNI 6989.2:2019 method. The physical parameter analyzed is Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and analyzed using SNI 6989.3: 2019 method. Pollution load calculated by deviation maximum pollution load and pollution load existing. Result of this study findings indicated that the highest BOD 299.40 mg/L and COD 540.66 mg/L was found in soaking step compared to other steps in tempeh production. Highest TSS 655.20 mg/L was found in boiling step. The pH values in all steps were acidic 4 and 5. Allocation Pollution load of: TSS overall exceeded the capacity, BOD and COD overall exceeded the capacity except in washing step (BOD 304.39 kg/day and COD 857.78 kg/day). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The Highest TSS of tempeh wastewater processes was in boiling step while the highest organic matter was detected in soaking. Further for whole pH were acidic and exceeded the standard. Allocation of pollution load for TSS, BOD and COD exceed the standard except for BOD and COD in washing waste. Overall tempeh wastewater needs treatment to prevent river pollution.
{"title":"WASTEWATER QUALITY AND POLLUTION LOAD OF EACH STAGE IN TEMPEH PRODUCTION","authors":"Vita Pramaningsih, H. Hansen, S. Praveena, Ucik Ika Fenti Styana","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12838","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i3.12838","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study is purpose to understand the chemical and physical characteristics and pollution load in each step of tempeh wastewater: washing, boiling, soaking and mixing. Tempeh is traditional food from soybean fermentation. Tempeh has a lot of healthy contents as protein and vitamin. However, wastewater from tempeh production is discharge to river directly which considered as environmentally damaging. However, the characteristics of wastewater from tempeh production and its level of environmental impacts to environment are limitedly studied. Methodology and Results: Tempeh wastewater was analyzed in chemical and physical parameters. Chemical characteristics analyzed are pH, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). pH was measured using pH meter, BOD using SNI 6989.72:2009 method and COD using SNI 6989.2:2019 method. The physical parameter analyzed is Total Suspended Solid (TSS) and analyzed using SNI 6989.3: 2019 method. Pollution load calculated by deviation maximum pollution load and pollution load existing. Result of this study findings indicated that the highest BOD 299.40 mg/L and COD 540.66 mg/L was found in soaking step compared to other steps in tempeh production. Highest TSS 655.20 mg/L was found in boiling step. The pH values in all steps were acidic 4 and 5. Allocation Pollution load of: TSS overall exceeded the capacity, BOD and COD overall exceeded the capacity except in washing step (BOD 304.39 kg/day and COD 857.78 kg/day). Conclusion, significance and impact of study: The Highest TSS of tempeh wastewater processes was in boiling step while the highest organic matter was detected in soaking. Further for whole pH were acidic and exceeded the standard. Allocation of pollution load for TSS, BOD and COD exceed the standard except for BOD and COD in washing waste. Overall tempeh wastewater needs treatment to prevent river pollution.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126599061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13539
Dianindita Rizki Maharani, R. Ruhiyat, Bambang Iswanto, A. Juliani
High free fatty acids in waste cooking oil can interfere with the re-use of the cooking oil. Therefore, the absorption technique is one way that can reduce the free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil. Aim: The purpose of this study is to find out the ability of Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) to adsorb free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil to be biodiesel products. In this study, waste cooking oil was collected from fried food sellers in Bekasi, while spent bleaching earth (SBE)-one of the solid wastes produced by refinery oil palm industry as an adsorbent-was from the palm oil industry PT X. For Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE), the redundant used 0.7 M HNO3. To obtain the optimum products, The redundant applied the variation of time (i.e., 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes) and concentration (6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18%). Methodology and results: Results indicated that the time variation of temperature 90 minutes were the maximum and the concentration of 15% were the optimal combination to reduce free fatty acids 0.65%. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: The values of water and ash contents of RSBE also meet the quality standard as activated carbon and can be used as an adsorbent for the purification of waste cooking oil. The oil content in SBE is less than 3% and is considered not to be a toxic hazardous waste. Therefore, it can be reused without pre-treatment. In addition, the redundant found that there were changes pore on the surface of the SBE, both activated and not activated. To conclude, SBE can be used as an absorbent to absorb the fatty acids in waste cooking oil.
废食用油中游离脂肪酸含量高，会影响食用油的重复利用。因此，吸收技术是降低废食用油中游离脂肪酸含量的途径之一。目的:研究再活化漂白土(RSBE)吸附废食用油中游离脂肪酸制备生物柴油的能力。在本研究中，废食用油收集自Bekasi的油炸食品销售者，而废漂白土(SBE)-炼油油棕工业产生的固体废物之一作为吸附剂-来自棕榈油工业PT x。对于再活化废漂白土(RSBE)，冗余使用0.7 M HNO3。为了获得最佳产品，冗余应用了时间(即30、45、60、75和90分钟)和浓度(6%、9%、12%、15%和18%)的变化。方法与结果:结果表明，温度为90 min时变化最大，浓度为15%时可使游离脂肪酸减少0.65%。研究结论、意义及影响:RSBE的水分和灰分值也达到活性炭的质量标准，可作为废食用油的吸附剂进行净化。SBE的含油量小于3%，不属于有毒有害废物。因此，无需预处理即可重复使用。此外，冗余发现SBE表面有孔隙变化，既有活化的，也有未活化的。综上所述，SBE可以作为一种吸收剂来吸收废食用油中的脂肪酸。
{"title":"THE USE OF SPENT BLEACHING EARTH (SBE) AS AN ADSORBENT TO REDUCE FREE FATTY ACIDS IN WASTE COOKING OIL","authors":"Dianindita Rizki Maharani, R. Ruhiyat, Bambang Iswanto, A. Juliani","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13539","url":null,"abstract":"High free fatty acids in waste cooking oil can interfere with the re-use of the cooking oil. Therefore, the absorption technique is one way that can reduce the free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil. Aim: The purpose of this study is to find out the ability of Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) to adsorb free fatty acids contained in waste cooking oil to be biodiesel products. In this study, waste cooking oil was collected from fried food sellers in Bekasi, while spent bleaching earth (SBE)-one of the solid wastes produced by refinery oil palm industry as an adsorbent-was from the palm oil industry PT X. For Reactivated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE), the redundant used 0.7 M HNO3. To obtain the optimum products, The redundant applied the variation of time (i.e., 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes) and concentration (6%, 9%, 12%, 15%, and 18%). Methodology and results: Results indicated that the time variation of temperature 90 minutes were the maximum and the concentration of 15% were the optimal combination to reduce free fatty acids 0.65%. Conclusion, significance, and impact of study: The values of water and ash contents of RSBE also meet the quality standard as activated carbon and can be used as an adsorbent for the purification of waste cooking oil. The oil content in SBE is less than 3% and is considered not to be a toxic hazardous waste. Therefore, it can be reused without pre-treatment. In addition, the redundant found that there were changes pore on the surface of the SBE, both activated and not activated. To conclude, SBE can be used as an absorbent to absorb the fatty acids in waste cooking oil.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123348396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13536
O. Setyandito, Novandy Novandy, N. Nizam, M. Anda, R. A. Kusumadewi, Yareana Wijayanti
Aim: This study investigates to determine the influence of wave steepness, relative freeboard, and breaker parameters on overtopping discharge at a perforated breakwater. Methodology and results: The research method used was using both a numerical model simulations on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling software namely FLOW-3D; and empirical equation computation. The evaluation of both approaches were performed for understanding the characteristics of wave discharge that overtopping the perforated breakwater. The experimental results of modified perforated breakwater revealed that the lowest slope possible with the highest porosity possible can generate the highest value of dimensionless overtopping discharge for wave energy harvesting. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings of this study formulated the optimum slope and porosity to the highest wave energy harvested. Further studies recommend that data collection from onsite trials of modified perforated breakwater are performed.
{"title":"STUDY OF MODIFIED PERFORATED BREAKWATER AS RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVICE","authors":"O. Setyandito, Novandy Novandy, N. Nizam, M. Anda, R. A. Kusumadewi, Yareana Wijayanti","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13536","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study investigates to determine the influence of wave steepness, relative freeboard, and breaker parameters on overtopping discharge at a perforated breakwater. Methodology and results: The research method used was using both a numerical model simulations on three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling software namely FLOW-3D; and empirical equation computation. The evaluation of both approaches were performed for understanding the characteristics of wave discharge that overtopping the perforated breakwater. The experimental results of modified perforated breakwater revealed that the lowest slope possible with the highest porosity possible can generate the highest value of dimensionless overtopping discharge for wave energy harvesting. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings of this study formulated the optimum slope and porosity to the highest wave energy harvested. Further studies recommend that data collection from onsite trials of modified perforated breakwater are performed.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126448058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13534
R. Setiati, P. Adisoemarta, M. T. Fathaddin, Tarida Surya Marpaung, A. Rinanti, Jachanan Satriabudi
Aims: The aim of this research study is to show that the use of synthetic surfactant from bagasse is Environmentally Friendly Policies. Environmental management is an important step that needs to be taken on this immediate moment. Various human and industrial activities surely have affected the environment. Environmental management should include a number of groups from different varieties such as academics, policy makers, non-governmental organizations, corporations’ employees, government’s employees and related multidisciplinary groups. Methodology and Results: Environmental management will produce an ecological process and shapes industrial ecology which consists of four components namely; production, consumption, waste/by-products and raw materials. Bagasse as one of industrial solid wastes involved in environmental management will also produce ecological process. Bagasse which is produced from sugarcane processing can be further reprocessed into SLS surfactant that is useful for oil companies as injection fluid on reservoirs to improve oil recovery level. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Environmental management can be applied between two industries that have mutualism symbiosis relationship through secondary production. Waste minimization can be achieved through bagasse processing. Sugarcane bagasse reprocessing into SLS surfactant is a sustainable program that supports sustainable material management effort. The action to reprocess natural waste into a valuable economical material can also alter human behavior into a more environmental friendly type of behavior.
{"title":"THE USE OF BAGASSE SYNTHETIC SURFACTANTS AS MATERIAL FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY POLICIES TO IMPLEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","authors":"R. Setiati, P. Adisoemarta, M. T. Fathaddin, Tarida Surya Marpaung, A. Rinanti, Jachanan Satriabudi","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13534","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The aim of this research study is to show that the use of synthetic surfactant from bagasse is Environmentally Friendly Policies. Environmental management is an important step that needs to be taken on this immediate moment. Various human and industrial activities surely have affected the environment. Environmental management should include a number of groups from different varieties such as academics, policy makers, non-governmental organizations, corporations’ employees, government’s employees and related multidisciplinary groups. Methodology and Results: Environmental management will produce an ecological process and shapes industrial ecology which consists of four components namely; production, consumption, waste/by-products and raw materials. Bagasse as one of industrial solid wastes involved in environmental management will also produce ecological process. Bagasse which is produced from sugarcane processing can be further reprocessed into SLS surfactant that is useful for oil companies as injection fluid on reservoirs to improve oil recovery level. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Environmental management can be applied between two industries that have mutualism symbiosis relationship through secondary production. Waste minimization can be achieved through bagasse processing. Sugarcane bagasse reprocessing into SLS surfactant is a sustainable program that supports sustainable material management effort. The action to reprocess natural waste into a valuable economical material can also alter human behavior into a more environmental friendly type of behavior.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122903892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-04-11DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13538
I. M. W. Widyarsana, Made Ayu Priyanka, Lahur Akbar Devianto
Aims: The study of waste generation and composition in 6 types of tourism facility in Nusa Dua is carried out to analyze the waste processing potential and determine a proper waste management needed for tourism areas. Methodology and results: The primary data collection methods including field observations for existing waste separation, sampling of waste generation and composition at source, interviews with the facility’s management and characteristics of certain types of waste. Meanwhile, secondary data of waste generation and composition for hotels and the mall is acquired from waste collection services in Nusa Dua and previous studies for typical facilities. Nusa Dua produces around 11 tons of waste per day with hotels being the highest contributor of waste compared to other tourism facilities. The waste produced in Nusa Dua comprises around 70% of organic waste including food and yard waste and the remaining 30% includes paper, plastic, glass, metal, and other waste. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Aside from maximizing waste processing, Nusa Dua
{"title":"SOLID WASTE ANALYSIS AND PROCESSING POTENTIAL IN THE TOURISM SECTOR: CASE STUDY IN NUSA DUA, SOUTH KUTA, BALI","authors":"I. M. W. Widyarsana, Made Ayu Priyanka, Lahur Akbar Devianto","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v5i2.13538","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The study of waste generation and composition in 6 types of tourism facility in Nusa Dua is carried out to analyze the waste processing potential and determine a proper waste management needed for tourism areas. Methodology and results: The primary data collection methods including field observations for existing waste separation, sampling of waste generation and composition at source, interviews with the facility’s management and characteristics of certain types of waste. Meanwhile, secondary data of waste generation and composition for hotels and the mall is acquired from waste collection services in Nusa Dua and previous studies for typical facilities. Nusa Dua produces around 11 tons of waste per day with hotels being the highest contributor of waste compared to other tourism facilities. The waste produced in Nusa Dua comprises around 70% of organic waste including food and yard waste and the remaining 30% includes paper, plastic, glass, metal, and other waste. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Aside from maximizing waste processing, Nusa Dua","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131125315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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