Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.25105/URBANENVIROTECH.V4I2.7754
Shahida Mohd Sharif, Norsidah Ujang
Aim: The aim of this concept paper is to identify a conceptual framework to investigate the level of social bonding/social attachment amongst participants of community gardening activity. It is estimated that more than 50% of the population would be living in urban areas by 2050. One of the drivers is the urban migration, where people are relocating themselves to new neighbourhoods, cities or countries often with the hope of better economic opportunities and social infrastructure, therefore changing the landscape of the new society and the place they reside. It is worrying as these people might not receive enough social support due to their limited social network. It could further escalate to social well-being problems such as individualism and social isolation and could later manifest mentally or psychologically as loneliness. Methodology and Results: This paper argues that the selection of the type of urban green spaces to be integrated into urban neighbourhoods is critical in addressing the well-being problems. Community gardens, as part of urban green spaces, offer meaningful social interaction opportunities, often being missed in the context of modern societies and urban lifestyle. Therefore, there is a need to review the effects of community gardening activities as an intervention strategy to strengthen the degree of social bonding to identify its capacity in integrating isolated people back into community life. Conclusion, significance and impact study: As a conclusion, urban designers and policymakers are suggested to adopt community gardens as a safe open space in cities to encourage more people-people-places interaction.
{"title":"COMMUNITY GARDENING AND THE CAPACITY TO ENRICH SOCIAL BONDING IN URBAN NEIGHBOURHOODS","authors":"Shahida Mohd Sharif, Norsidah Ujang","doi":"10.25105/URBANENVIROTECH.V4I2.7754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/URBANENVIROTECH.V4I2.7754","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The aim of this concept paper is to identify a conceptual framework to investigate the level of social bonding/social attachment amongst participants of community gardening activity. It is estimated that more than 50% of the population would be living in urban areas by 2050. One of the drivers is the urban migration, where people are relocating themselves to new neighbourhoods, cities or countries often with the hope of better economic opportunities and social infrastructure, therefore changing the landscape of the new society and the place they reside. It is worrying as these people might not receive enough social support due to their limited social network. It could further escalate to social well-being problems such as individualism and social isolation and could later manifest mentally or psychologically as loneliness. Methodology and Results: This paper argues that the selection of the type of urban green spaces to be integrated into urban neighbourhoods is critical in addressing the well-being problems. Community gardens, as part of urban green spaces, offer meaningful social interaction opportunities, often being missed in the context of modern societies and urban lifestyle. Therefore, there is a need to review the effects of community gardening activities as an intervention strategy to strengthen the degree of social bonding to identify its capacity in integrating isolated people back into community life. Conclusion, significance and impact study: As a conclusion, urban designers and policymakers are suggested to adopt community gardens as a safe open space in cities to encourage more people-people-places interaction.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121006692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.25105/URBANENVIROTECH.V4I2.7624
A. Asmara, S. Rahmawati, A. Yulianto, M. Abay, Dilla Arlina, D. Wacano
Aim: This study aims to assess the entire process of septage management comprising regulation, operational procedures, finance, community involvement, and water quality analysis to maximize the initial and hugest human fecal sludge treatment called Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (IPLT) in Yogyakarta. Methodology and Results: The Modified EHRA (Environmental Health Risk Assessment) method was applied which focused only on wastewater treatment aspect. Several regulations including standard quality methods (SNI) were utilized and made a comparison between baseline rules and obtained results. Furthermore, quality assessment was accomplished by observation and interview. The results showed that the human sector needs to improve not only the amount of operators but also urgently put up protective personal equipment during the suction process. The dissemination of attractive information about sludge suction service done by PUPKP as a representation of the local government among the dwellers ought to upgrade a lot. Technologies employed which are carriage transportation and vacuum machine, are good enough. Contrarily, septage treatment plants require extra-effort to enhance it as most water quality parameters barely meet the standard quality. BOD, COD, ammonia, total coliform, oil and grease do not meet the third class of water quality (Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia No. 82/2001). Subsequently, the effectiveness of each unit i.e. anaerobic tank and stabilization ponds are under 50% and the loading rate has a maximum capacity of 87.5m3/day, and 60m3/day minimum capacity. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Therefore, almost all aspects of septage management in Bantul Yogyakarta are required to improve
{"title":"A COMPREHENSIVE ASSESSMENT OF SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT IN BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA","authors":"A. Asmara, S. Rahmawati, A. Yulianto, M. Abay, Dilla Arlina, D. Wacano","doi":"10.25105/URBANENVIROTECH.V4I2.7624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/URBANENVIROTECH.V4I2.7624","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: This study aims to assess the entire process of septage management comprising regulation, operational procedures, finance, community involvement, and water quality analysis to maximize the initial and hugest human fecal sludge treatment called Faecal Sludge Treatment Plant (IPLT) in Yogyakarta. Methodology and Results: The Modified EHRA (Environmental Health Risk Assessment) method was applied which focused only on wastewater treatment aspect. Several regulations including standard quality methods (SNI) were utilized and made a comparison between baseline rules and obtained results. Furthermore, quality assessment was accomplished by observation and interview. The results showed that the human sector needs to improve not only the amount of operators but also urgently put up protective personal equipment during the suction process. The dissemination of attractive information about sludge suction service done by PUPKP as a representation of the local government among the dwellers ought to upgrade a lot. Technologies employed which are carriage transportation and vacuum machine, are good enough. Contrarily, septage treatment plants require extra-effort to enhance it as most water quality parameters barely meet the standard quality. BOD, COD, ammonia, total coliform, oil and grease do not meet the third class of water quality (Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia No. 82/2001). Subsequently, the effectiveness of each unit i.e. anaerobic tank and stabilization ponds are under 50% and the loading rate has a maximum capacity of 87.5m3/day, and 60m3/day minimum capacity. Conclusion, significance and impact of study: Therefore, almost all aspects of septage management in Bantul Yogyakarta are required to improve","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130860551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i2.5237
M. Oyugi
Aim: The purpose of this paper is to review the trends in the application of geospatial technology in urban morphology data capture and studies. Methodology and Results: This review was guided by critical thinking research approach, which involves analysis of relevant literature on a phenomenon to enable to draw conclusion(s) on whether a claim is true, sometimes true, partly true or false and using methods to applied in critical thinking include broad intellectual criteria such as clarity, credibility, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, significance and fairness. The results show that increasing urbanization and sub-optimal locations of urban amenities and utilities has resulted in many cities facing environmental, land use and socio-economic challenges. This can be mitigated by the implementation of cost-effective urban development plans and policies together with an in-depth understanding of the interactions existing between urban natural and human systems, an undertaking reliably aided by geospatial technologies notably Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems, Global Positioning System and Photogrammetry. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: This paper is therefore anchored on an understanding of urban morphology, factors determining its changes over time and demonstrated achievements of the utility of geospatial technology in the study of the same with policy implications for the applications of the geospatial technology in urban studies.
{"title":"TRENDS IN URBAN MORPHOLOGICAL DATA CAPTURE: A REVIEW OF THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES ON UTILITY OF GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY","authors":"M. Oyugi","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i2.5237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i2.5237","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The purpose of this paper is to review the trends in the application of geospatial technology in urban morphology data capture and studies. Methodology and Results: This review was guided by critical thinking research approach, which involves analysis of relevant literature on a phenomenon to enable to draw conclusion(s) on whether a claim is true, sometimes true, partly true or false and using methods to applied in critical thinking include broad intellectual criteria such as clarity, credibility, accuracy, precision, relevance, depth, significance and fairness. The results show that increasing urbanization and sub-optimal locations of urban amenities and utilities has resulted in many cities facing environmental, land use and socio-economic challenges. This can be mitigated by the implementation of cost-effective urban development plans and policies together with an in-depth understanding of the interactions existing between urban natural and human systems, an undertaking reliably aided by geospatial technologies notably Remote Sensing, Geographical Information Systems, Global Positioning System and Photogrammetry. Conclusion, significance, and impact study: This paper is therefore anchored on an understanding of urban morphology, factors determining its changes over time and demonstrated achievements of the utility of geospatial technology in the study of the same with policy implications for the applications of the geospatial technology in urban studies.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125242002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5473
H. Khair, I. Siregar, I. Rachman, Toru Matsumoto
Aims: This study aims to investigate the material flow of waste bank activities in Medan Methodology and results: A semi-structured interview survey approach was conducted to collect the data. Applying MFA methodology, the result of this study found that of the total amount of the input material, 87.4% is a recyclable waste, and 12.6% is water. While, the waste bank activities generate 87.2% recyclable items, 12.6% wastewater and 0.2% residues. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings are essential to understand the use of resources in order to provide information for improving waste bank activities and waste management. This study found that the activities of waste banks are still traditional, which is lack of technology adoption. In the future, the waste bank should be more efficient and able to manage large amounts of wastes, because the potential for recyclable wastes is still available and abundant.
{"title":"MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS OF WASTE BANK ACTIVITIES IN INDONESIA: CASE STUDY OF MEDAN CITY","authors":"H. Khair, I. Siregar, I. Rachman, Toru Matsumoto","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5473","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study aims to investigate the material flow of waste bank activities in Medan Methodology and results: A semi-structured interview survey approach was conducted to collect the data. Applying MFA methodology, the result of this study found that of the total amount of the input material, 87.4% is a recyclable waste, and 12.6% is water. While, the waste bank activities generate 87.2% recyclable items, 12.6% wastewater and 0.2% residues. Conclusion, significance and impact study: The findings are essential to understand the use of resources in order to provide information for improving waste bank activities and waste management. This study found that the activities of waste banks are still traditional, which is lack of technology adoption. In the future, the waste bank should be more efficient and able to manage large amounts of wastes, because the potential for recyclable wastes is still available and abundant.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116450753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5569
Mochammad Fariq Yogaswara, I. Juwana, Yenita Sandra Sari, H. Bakari
Sub Watershed of Cibabat is one of the rivers included in the Citarum Hulu River, which is located in Cimahi City. The industrial sector is one of the biggest contributors to the pollutant load that falls into the Sub Watershed of Cibabat. The number of industries in the Sub Watershed of Cibabat is 36 industries with different types of industries. Aims: This study was aimed to analyze the pollutant load entering the Cibabat River in existing conditions and projections especially those caused by the industrial sector. Besides, this study has never been conducted, so it was necessary to conduct a study of the pollution load capacity in the Sub Watershed of Cibabat, Methodology and results: The calculation of industrial sector pollution load was done by calculating the date of discharge, concentration, number of employees, number of products and emission factors (EF). The industrial sector pollution load in Sub Watershed of Cibabat in 2018 was 3,518.82 kg/day TSS, 8,231.83 kg/day BOD and 14,467.68 kg/day COD. The industrial sector pollution load in Sub Watershed of Cibabat in the projection year was 3,885.06 kg/day TSS, 9,088.61 kg/day BOD and 15,973.48 kg/day COD.
{"title":"A STUDY OF POLLUTION LOAD CAPACITY OF THE INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN CIBABAT RIVER IN THE WATERSHED OF CITARUM RIVER","authors":"Mochammad Fariq Yogaswara, I. Juwana, Yenita Sandra Sari, H. Bakari","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5569","url":null,"abstract":"Sub Watershed of Cibabat is one of the rivers included in the Citarum Hulu River, which is located in Cimahi City. The industrial sector is one of the biggest contributors to the pollutant load that falls into the Sub Watershed of Cibabat. The number of industries in the Sub Watershed of Cibabat is 36 industries with different types of industries. Aims: This study was aimed to analyze the pollutant load entering the Cibabat River in existing conditions and projections especially those caused by the industrial sector. Besides, this study has never been conducted, so it was necessary to conduct a study of the pollution load capacity in the Sub Watershed of Cibabat, Methodology and results: The calculation of industrial sector pollution load was done by calculating the date of discharge, concentration, number of employees, number of products and emission factors (EF). The industrial sector pollution load in Sub Watershed of Cibabat in 2018 was 3,518.82 kg/day TSS, 8,231.83 kg/day BOD and 14,467.68 kg/day COD. The industrial sector pollution load in Sub Watershed of Cibabat in the projection year was 3,885.06 kg/day TSS, 9,088.61 kg/day BOD and 15,973.48 kg/day COD.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134316658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5530
R. Hakiki, M. P. Astuti, T. Wikaningrum
Aims: This study was aimed to compare the secured landfill method and thermally sludge treatment through gasification, to find out the environmental impacts that will result from both treatments. Methodology and results: The study was carried out using the “gate-to-gate LCA method”. In its implementation, limits and assumptions have been determined as an approach to the actual condition. Some of the data used include the experimental data, theoretical mass balance calculation and secondary data obtained from previous research. The study was carried out utilizing the open-source openLCA software. The four-phase in the LCA include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and data interpretation. The simulation shows that the implementation of the thermal gasification process can reduce the emission released to the atmosphere by reducing hazardous sludge volume to be transported directly to the secured landfill. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Referring to the simulation results using openLCA software, with several assumptions and adjustments made, in the scope of the study that has been determined. It can be concluded that the thermal (gasification) treatment of hazardous sludge can be studied further in connection with its implementation at the treatment plant. It is indicated by the acquisition of global warming potential impact category of 673 kg CO2 eq (for direct disposal to secured landfill) reduced around 424 kg CO2 eq (for the implementation of thermal treatment). Or in other words, there is a reduction in the magnitude of the impact to around 37%.
{"title":"COMPARISON OF GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIAL-IMPACT ON THE HANDLING OF THE HAZARDOUS-SLUDGE FROM THE CENTRALIZED INDUSTRIAL-WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT","authors":"R. Hakiki, M. P. Astuti, T. Wikaningrum","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5530","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This study was aimed to compare the secured landfill method and thermally sludge treatment through gasification, to find out the environmental impacts that will result from both treatments. Methodology and results: The study was carried out using the “gate-to-gate LCA method”. In its implementation, limits and assumptions have been determined as an approach to the actual condition. Some of the data used include the experimental data, theoretical mass balance calculation and secondary data obtained from previous research. The study was carried out utilizing the open-source openLCA software. The four-phase in the LCA include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and data interpretation. The simulation shows that the implementation of the thermal gasification process can reduce the emission released to the atmosphere by reducing hazardous sludge volume to be transported directly to the secured landfill. Conclusion, significance and impact study: Referring to the simulation results using openLCA software, with several assumptions and adjustments made, in the scope of the study that has been determined. It can be concluded that the thermal (gasification) treatment of hazardous sludge can be studied further in connection with its implementation at the treatment plant. It is indicated by the acquisition of global warming potential impact category of 673 kg CO2 eq (for direct disposal to secured landfill) reduced around 424 kg CO2 eq (for the implementation of thermal treatment). Or in other words, there is a reduction in the magnitude of the impact to around 37%.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122039076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-30DOI: 10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5520
M. Waqas
The increasing anthropogenic activities as a result of significant growth in population, urbanization, and industrialization has resulted in a tremendous amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). The municipal authorities are under extreme pressure from the epidemiological evidence towards human and environment as a result of injudicious waste disposal to landfills without any material recovery. In this article, the current status and limitations in treating MSW by the developing countries have been overviewed with a case study from Peshawar-Pakistan. The daily waste production in Peshawar city is about 650.8 tons with 0.4 kg/capita/day. Among the total waste, food waste contributes 14.3% fallowed by plastic waste (4%), paper (2.7%), glass (1.2%), wood (1.1%) and metals/rubber (0.6%). The waste collection efficiency is very low and about 40% of waste are collected whereas 60% of the waste remains in streets or at collection points. Currently there well-organized and specialized waste management practices such as composting, incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, biological treatment, and recycling for treating waste according to environmental deliberation. The directives of the developed countries had strictly imposed the regulations to increase the waste recycling and material recovery whereas in the developing countries the lack of proper legislation, planning, awareness regarding waste reduction has worsened the municipal solid waste-related problems. Moreover, in this article, an attempt has been made towards various important steps that need to incorporate in formulating the strategy for sustainable MSW management along with various aspects for their assessment in term of their sustainability in the developing countries.
{"title":"THE CURRENT STATUS AND STEPS TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES","authors":"M. Waqas","doi":"10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25105/urbanenvirotech.v3i1.5520","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing anthropogenic activities as a result of significant growth in population, urbanization, and industrialization has resulted in a tremendous amount of municipal solid waste (MSW). The municipal authorities are under extreme pressure from the epidemiological evidence towards human and environment as a result of injudicious waste disposal to landfills without any material recovery. In this article, the current status and limitations in treating MSW by the developing countries have been overviewed with a case study from Peshawar-Pakistan. The daily waste production in Peshawar city is about 650.8 tons with 0.4 kg/capita/day. Among the total waste, food waste contributes 14.3% fallowed by plastic waste (4%), paper (2.7%), glass (1.2%), wood (1.1%) and metals/rubber (0.6%). The waste collection efficiency is very low and about 40% of waste are collected whereas 60% of the waste remains in streets or at collection points. Currently there well-organized and specialized waste management practices such as composting, incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, biological treatment, and recycling for treating waste according to environmental deliberation. The directives of the developed countries had strictly imposed the regulations to increase the waste recycling and material recovery whereas in the developing countries the lack of proper legislation, planning, awareness regarding waste reduction has worsened the municipal solid waste-related problems. Moreover, in this article, an attempt has been made towards various important steps that need to incorporate in formulating the strategy for sustainable MSW management along with various aspects for their assessment in term of their sustainability in the developing countries.","PeriodicalId":329428,"journal":{"name":"INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF URBAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131113426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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