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2018 Sixth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW)最新文献

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How to Realize Highly Accurate Computation with Fully Homomorphic Encryption 如何用全同态加密实现高精度计算
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00079
Tomoki Agematsu, Satoshi Obana
In recent years, as the number of cloud services increases, leakage of confidential information is a matter of concern. Techniques for processing data while preserving confidentiality of data are called secure computation, and secure computation based on fully homomorphic encryption (FHE for short) is one of the most important ways of realizing secure computation. FHE is a cryptosystem that can perform both arbitrary times of additions and multiplications of data in the encrypted state. Therefore, by using FHE, we can realize arbitrary operations in the encrypted state. However, it is not so easy to realize complex operations using FHE in practice. In particular, there are difficulties in realizing complex operations with high accuracy. Such computation is highly desired in various situations (e.g., in computing medical statistics). Nevertheless, the methodology to compute complex operations given a certain accuracy is not well studied so far. In this research, we propose a method to compute division and a u-th root in the encrypted state using FHE. In the proposed method, the result of an operation can achieve the given accuracy. We employ the n-th order maclaurin approximate polynomial to approximate division and a u-th root by homomorphic addition and multiplication. We evaluate the error of an approximation using a remainder term. Also, we implemented the proposed method and measured execution time for division and a square root.
近年来,随着云服务数量的增加,机密信息的泄露成为人们关注的问题。在保证数据保密性的同时处理数据的技术称为安全计算,而基于全同态加密的安全计算是实现安全计算的重要途径之一。FHE是一种可以在加密状态下对数据执行任意次数的加法和乘法的密码系统。因此,通过使用FHE,我们可以在加密状态下实现任意操作。然而,在实际应用中,利用FHE实现复杂的操作并不是那么容易。特别是在实现高精度的复杂操作方面存在困难。这种计算在各种情况下(例如,在计算医学统计中)都是非常需要的。然而,在给定一定精度的情况下,计算复杂运算的方法目前还没有得到很好的研究。在本研究中,我们提出了一种利用FHE计算加密状态下除法和u-根的方法。在该方法中,操作的结果可以达到给定的精度。我们利用n阶麦克劳林近似多项式,用同态加法和乘法逼近除法和u次根。我们用余数项来估计近似的误差。此外,我们还实现了所提出的方法,并测量了除法和平方根的执行时间。
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引用次数: 0
Revisiting Thread Execution Methods for GPU-Oriented OpenCL Programs on Multicore Processors 多核处理器上面向gpu的OpenCL程序的线程执行方法回顾
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00101
T. Miyazaki, H. Hidari, Naohisa Hojo, Ittetsu Taniguchi, H. Tomiyama
OpenCL is one of the most popular frameworks for parallel computing. OpenCL is platform independent in principle, and OpenCL programs can be executed on various hardware platforms such as GPUs, multicore processors and FPGAs. However, OpenCL programs written for GPUs are often poorly executed on multicore processors in terms of performance due to the granularity of threads. This paper addresses efficient execution of GPU-oriented OpenCL programs on multicore processors. This paper solves a couple of draw-backs in an existing OpenCL framework and shows the effectiveness of this work through experiments.
OpenCL是最流行的并行计算框架之一。OpenCL原则上是平台无关的,OpenCL程序可以在gpu、多核处理器、fpga等各种硬件平台上执行。然而,由于线程粒度的原因,为gpu编写的OpenCL程序在多核处理器上的执行性能通常很差。本文研究了面向gpu的OpenCL程序在多核处理器上的高效执行。本文解决了现有OpenCL框架的一些缺陷,并通过实验证明了该工作的有效性。
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引用次数: 1
Workshops Organization 车间组织
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/candarw.2018.00007
Rui Zhang
Program Committee Muhammad Cheema, Monash University, Australia Reynold Cheng, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Yunjun Gao, Zhejiang University, China Yoshiharu Ishikawa, Nagoya University, Japan Hua Lu, Aalborg University, Denmark Jianzhong Qi, The University of Melbourne, Australia Simonas Saltenis, Aalborg University, Denmark Weiwei Sun, Fudan University, China Lu-An Tang, NEC Lab America, USA Xing Xie, Microsoft Research Asia, China Xike Xie, Aalborg University, Denmark Man Lung Yiu, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Wenjie Zhang, University of New South Wales, Australia Ying Zhang, University of New South Wales, Australia
项目委员会Muhammad Cheema、澳大利亚莫纳什大学、香港大学、香港大学、高云军、浙江大学、中国石川义晴、名古屋大学、日本卢华、奥尔堡大学、丹麦齐建中、墨尔本大学、澳大利亚Simonas Saltenis、奥尔堡大学、丹麦孙维维、复旦大学、中国唐陆安、NEC美国实验室、美国谢星、微软亚洲研究院、中国谢锡科、奥尔堡大学、丹麦姚文龙、香港理工大学、香港张文杰、澳大利亚新南威尔士大学、澳大利亚新南威尔士大学张颖
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引用次数: 0
An Adaptive Demotion Policy with Considering Temporal Locality 考虑时间局部性的自适应降格策略
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00038
M. Hasegawa, J. Tada
In the upper-level caches like as L1 caches, the temporal locality mainly affects the performance of the caches. Although the Adaptive Demotion Policy (ADP) can achieve the performance improvement at the upper-level caches compared to the conventional hardware suitable replacement policies, the most recently used block will be evicted when all the blocks in the accessed set have the same priority value. Hence, there is a possibility of decreasing the performance of the cache by spoiling the temporal locality. To avoid this problem, this paper proposes a cache replacement policy which focuses on preventing the eviction of the most recently used block, and the policy is called Adaptive Demotion Policy with considering Temporal Locality (ADPTL). At a cache hit, if the priority values of all the blocks in the accessed set except the hit block are the highest value, the ADPTL decreases these priority values by one. This operation prevents the eviction of the most recently used block. The performance evaluation shows that the ADPTL achieves the reduction of the cache misses and the IPC improvement at the L1 caches compared to the LRU policy and the ADP.
在诸如L1缓存这样的上层缓存中,时间局部性主要影响缓存的性能。虽然与传统的硬件合适替换策略相比,自适应降级策略(ADP)可以实现上层缓存的性能改进,但是当访问集中的所有块具有相同的优先级值时,最近使用的块将被驱逐。因此,有可能通过破坏时间局部性来降低缓存的性能。为了避免这一问题,本文提出了一种以防止最近使用的块被移除为重点的缓存替换策略,该策略被称为考虑时间局域性的自适应降级策略(ADPTL)。在缓存命中时,如果访问集中除命中块外的所有块的优先级值都是最高的,则ADPTL将这些优先级值降低1。此操作可防止最近使用的块被删除。性能评估表明,与LRU策略和ADP相比,ADPTL在L1缓存上实现了缓存丢失的减少和IPC的提高。
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引用次数: 0
A Weakly Universal Three-Dimensional Larger than Life Cellular Automaton 弱通用三维大于生命的细胞自动机
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00011
Katsunobu Imai, Kyosuke Oroji, T. Kubota
Larger than Life cellular automaton (LtL) is a class of cellular automata and is a generalization of the game of Life by extending its neighborhood radius. We have studied the three-dimensional extension of LtL. In this paper, we show a radius-4 three-dimensional LtL has some special patterns like gliders and blinkers in Life which realize several functions such as turning and copying gliders. Employing these functions we also show that it is weakly universal because it is possible to simulate any one-dimensional cellular automaton circuit including the rule 110 cellular automaton.
大于生命的元胞自动机(LtL)是一类元胞自动机,通过扩展其邻域半径对生命博弈进行了推广。我们研究了LtL的三维扩展。在本文中,我们展示了一个半径为4的三维LtL具有一些特殊的模式,如滑翔机和生活中的闪烁器,实现了滑翔机的转弯和复制等功能。利用这些函数,我们还证明了它是弱通用的,因为它可以模拟任何一维元胞自动机电路,包括规则110元胞自动机。
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引用次数: 0
A Study on Observing a Lost Child Using BLE Beacons 利用BLE信标观察走失儿童的研究
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00021
Atsushi Ito, Fu Xiang, Hiroyuki Hatano, Hidetoshi Uchiyama
In this paper, we mention the result of the experiment to observe a lost child by using BLE beacons. We performed a trial of a children observation service in June 2017 in a 5-story building. One or more children moved with BLE beacon. Some witnesses moved with a smartphone to detect a BLE beacon that was held by a child. Also, we used some fixed beacon to detect a position of witnesses. We prepared 19 test patterns to test the possible combinations of the position of a smartphone, status of the application (foreground or background), floors, the number of the lost children and witnesses to estimate the accuracy of location and floor of the lost child. As a result, the possibility to detect floor was 76.1%, and the possibility to detect the location on a floor was 78%. We would like to discuss the reason for the low accuracy and the plan for the next step as the conclusion.
本文介绍了用BLE信标观察走失儿童的实验结果。2017年6月,我们在一栋5层楼的建筑中进行了儿童观察服务的试验。一个或多个孩子移动与BLE信标。一些目击者带着智能手机移动,以探测一个孩子拿着的BLE信标。同时,我们用一些固定的信标来探测目击者的位置。我们准备了19种测试模式来测试智能手机的位置、应用程序的状态(前景或背景)、楼层、失踪儿童的数量和目击者的可能组合,以估计失踪儿童的位置和楼层的准确性。因此,检测楼层的可能性为76.1%,检测楼层位置的可能性为78%。我们想讨论低精度的原因和下一步的计划作为结论。
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引用次数: 1
Status Survey of SSL/TLS Sites in 2018 After Pointing Out About "Search form" Issues 指出“搜索表单”问题后的2018年SSL/TLS站点现状调查
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00093
Yuji Suga
We report status survey of SSL/TLS sites in 2018 after pointing out about "search form" issues. From 2014, several researchers were conducting fixed point observation to crawl SSL/TLS sites using. jp domain URL list extracted from Alexa Top Sites, and investigation on improvement of usage rate of SSL/TLS versions and Export-grade encryption algorithms. They also pointed out that on-line login sites belonging to the an association of Japanese banks were well-controlled in SSL/TLS server configurations and also contents management, however ordinary sites had "search form" issues. In this paper, we re-investigate the status of SSL/TLS sites including Japanese banks.
在指出“搜索表单”问题后,我们报告了2018年SSL/TLS网站的现状调查。从2014年开始,一些研究人员进行定点观察,以抓取使用SSL/TLS的站点。从Alexa Top Sites中提取出jp域名URL列表,并对SSL/TLS版本和export级加密算法使用率的提高进行了研究。他们还指出,属于日本银行协会的在线登录网站在SSL/TLS服务器配置和内容管理方面得到了很好的控制,但普通网站存在“搜索表单”问题。本文重新研究了包括日本银行在内的SSL/TLS站点的现状。
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引用次数: 5
Self-Stabilizing Algorithm for Dynamically Maintaining Two Disjoint Dominating Sets 动态维护两个不相交控制集的自稳定算法
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00059
S. Kamei, H. Kakugawa
This paper considers dynamically maintaining two disjoint dominating sets for sleep scheduling or cluster head scheduling in sensor networks. We formulate this problem as the local (1, |Ni|)-critical section (abbr. CS) problem which is one of the generalizations of the mutual exclusion problem. This is the problem of controlling the system in such a way that, for each process, among its neighbors and itself, at least one process must be in the CS and at least one process must be out of the CS at each time. In this paper, first, we consider an inefficient (costly) self-stabilizing algorithm for the local (1, |Ni|)-CS problem. Additionally, this paper shows the necessary and sufficient conditions to solve the problem without any deadlock detection based on the algorithm. After that, an efficient self-stabilizing algorithm for the local (1, |Ni|)-CS problem is proposed. The convergence time of the proposed algorithm is O(n) rounds under the weakly fair distributed daemon.
本文研究了传感器网络中睡眠调度和簇头调度的动态保持两个不相交控制集的问题。我们将这一问题表述为局部(1,| Ni|)临界截面问题,这是互斥问题的推广之一。这是一个控制系统的问题,对于每个进程,在它的邻居和它自己之间,每次必须至少有一个进程在CS中,至少有一个进程必须离开CS。在本文中,我们首先考虑了一种低效(昂贵)的自稳定算法,用于局部(1,| Ni|)-CS问题。此外,本文还给出了该算法在不进行死锁检测的情况下解决该问题的充分必要条件。在此基础上,提出了一种求解局部(1,| Ni|)-CS问题的高效自稳定算法。在弱公平分布式守护进程下,该算法的收敛时间为O(n)轮。
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引用次数: 4
Smart Contract for Multiparty Fair Certified Notifications 多方公平认证通知的智能合约
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00089
M. Payeras-Capellà, M. M. Puigserver, Miquel A. Cabot-Nadal
Blockchain can be the base for an evolution in several digital services. Fair Certified Notification is one of these and requires a fair exchange of values: a message and a non-repudiation of origin proof in exchange for a non-repudiation of reception evidence. The main contribution of this paper is the introduction of a blockchain-based Multiparty Fair Certified Notification system allowing the simultaneous fair notification to a set of receivers. We present and evaluate a smart contract for an optimistic multiparty protocol that achieves the properties of confidentiality, fairness and timeliness with a stateless TTP.
区块链可以成为多种数字服务发展的基础。公平认证通知就是其中之一,它要求公平交换价值:一条消息和不可否认的来源证明,以换取不可否认的接收证据。本文的主要贡献是引入了基于区块链的多方公平认证通知系统,允许同时向一组接收者发送公平通知。我们提出并评估了一种乐观多方协议的智能合约,该协议通过无状态的TTP实现了保密性、公平性和及时性。
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引用次数: 6
Metaprogramming Framework for Existing HPC Languages Based on the Omni Compiler Infrastructure 基于Omni编译器基础结构的现有HPC语言元编程框架
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00054
H. Murai, M. Sato, M. Nakao, Jinpil Lee
Recently, low productivity owing to more and more complicated programs has become a serious problem in the field of High Performance Computing (HPC). Omni is a compiler infrastructure based on source-to-source translation for Fortran and C. It was developed by RIKEN and the University of Tsukuba. We are developing a metaprogramming framework for existing HPC languages including Fortran based on Omni with a goal of higher productivity of HPC programs. In this paper, we show the design and prototype implementation of this framework, which is based on directives and abstract syntax trees, and evaluate its feasibility and effectiveness. Through case studies of loop unrolling and the data-layout optimization of derived types, it is verified that various kinds of code transformations can be specified with this framework to improve program productivity.
近年来,由于程序越来越复杂而导致的效率低下已成为高性能计算领域的一个严重问题。Omni是基于Fortran和c的源到源翻译的编译器基础设施。它是由日本理化学研究所和筑波大学开发的。我们正在为现有的HPC语言(包括基于Omni的Fortran)开发一个元编程框架,目标是提高HPC程序的生产率。本文给出了基于指令和抽象语法树的框架的设计和原型实现,并对其可行性和有效性进行了评价。通过循环展开和派生类型数据布局优化的实例研究,验证了利用该框架可以指定各种代码转换,从而提高程序生产率。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
2018 Sixth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW)
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