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2018 Sixth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW)最新文献

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Design of a Message Authentication Protocol for CAN FD Based on Chaskey Lightweight MAC 基于Chaskey轻量级MAC的CAN FD消息认证协议设计
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00057
Guillaume Carel, Ryunosuke Isshiki, Takuya Kusaka, Y. Nogami, Shunsuke Araki
The development of the autonomous driving and the connected services severely increase security threats on old automotive technologies that are still present on-board vehicles since the long incremental process were employed. For example, the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus, which was standardized in 1991, can be connected to modern Linux embedded computer nodes where evil attacker might be able to exploit a vulnerability on the nodes. However, it is not easy to implement countermeasures on the CAN bus, since the strict requirements and limited performances of CAN specification. That is one of the major reason for the new standard CAN Flexible Data-rate (CAN FD) has been released in 2012 by Bosch to fill the gap between these challenges and the CAN protocol. In this research, a new simple authentication protocol for CAN FD is proposed, and the protocol is evaluated by experiments. The results show that the proposed protocol prevents infected nodes from usurping identity of a critical node and forge messages, with practical computational complexity on modern low-power embedding boards.
由于采用了漫长的增量过程,自动驾驶和互联服务的发展严重增加了对车载旧汽车技术的安全威胁。例如,1991年标准化的控制器局域网(CAN)总线可以连接到现代Linux嵌入式计算机节点,恶意攻击者可以利用节点上的漏洞。然而,由于CAN规范的严格要求和有限的性能,在CAN总线上实施对策并不容易。这就是博世于2012年发布CAN灵活数据速率(CAN FD)新标准的主要原因之一,该标准填补了CAN协议与这些挑战之间的空白。本文提出了一种新的CAN FD简易认证协议,并通过实验对该协议进行了验证。结果表明,所提出的协议可以防止被感染节点盗用关键节点的身份和伪造消息,在现代低功耗嵌入板上具有实际的计算复杂度。
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引用次数: 10
An Analytical Model of Energy-Aware RPL for Wireless Sensor Networks 无线传感器网络能量感知RPL分析模型
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00062
Wilbert Jethro R. Limjoco, N. Tiglao
Battery-operated Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) deployed in wide and remote areas are difficult to maintain as replacing their batteries in such scenarios is a daunting task. Thus, there is a need to make use of self-sustaining energy harvesting sensor nodes. However, the Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL), the de facto standard routing protocol for WSNs, assumes that there is a constant supply of energy for all sensors, and that it does not use energy as its routing metric. Therefore, there is a need to modify RPL to factor in energy in its routing metric to improve the network lifetime. This study addresses this problem by dynamically converting the energy level of a node into an additive penalty to the ETX metric used by RPLs Minimum Rank Hysteresis Objective Function (MRHOF). RPL is modeled using a modified version of the Bellman-Ford algorithm. Assuming we use a lossless channel and we implement aggressive parent-switching, we have found out in our analytical model simulations that the Average Charge Cycle times and Time of First Node Death increase up to 2.5 times longer as compared to standard RPL for a simple, four node diamond topology. There is also the consequence of child nodes being disconnected from the network due to the energy balancing in the parent nodes, which lowers the total Packet Delivery Ratio up to 10% lower than standard RPL for the simple diamond topology. However, this is balanced out by the increase in Sending Rate of the parent nodes by up to 20% due to longer lifetimes. Thus, the total number of packets received from the entire network is up to 8% higher for the experiment topology.
电池供电的无线传感器网络(wsn)部署在广泛和偏远地区,很难维护,因为在这种情况下更换电池是一项艰巨的任务。因此,有必要利用自我维持的能量收集传感器节点。然而,低功耗和有损网络路由协议(RPL)是wsn事实上的标准路由协议,它假设所有传感器都有恒定的能量供应,并且它不使用能量作为其路由度量。因此,有必要修改RPL,在其路由度量中考虑能量因素,以改善网络生命周期。本研究通过将节点的能量水平动态转换为RPLs最小秩滞后目标函数(MRHOF)使用的ETX度量的加性惩罚来解决这个问题。RPL是使用Bellman-Ford算法的改进版本建模的。假设我们使用无损通道并实施积极的父级切换,我们在分析模型模拟中发现,与简单的四节点菱形拓扑的标准RPL相比,平均充电周期时间和第一节点死亡时间增加了2.5倍。由于父节点的能量平衡,子节点也会与网络断开连接,这降低了总包投递比,比简单菱形拓扑的标准RPL低10%。但是,由于生命周期延长,父节点的发送速率增加了20%,从而平衡了这一点。因此,对于实验拓扑,从整个网络接收的数据包总数最多高出8%。
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引用次数: 0
Cellular Automaton Model for Turing Tumble Mechanical Computer 图灵滚筒式机械计算机元胞自动机模型
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00014
Takahiro Tomita, Jia Lee, T. Isokawa, F. Peper, N. Kamiura, T. Yumoto
This paper presents a cellular automaton-based model for a mechanical computer called 'Turing Tumble' computer. This computer uses mechanical reactions of a ball flowing down and mechanical components (such as gear and ramp) that are configured on the board, for its computation. A group of cells, called a supercell, is defined in the proposed model in order to represent simultaneous state transition of cells for implementing a chain reaction of connected gears. A small element with its memory called Converter is shown for an illustrative example on this model.
本文提出了一种基于元胞自动机的机械计算机“图灵滚筒式”计算机模型。这台计算机使用球向下流动的机械反应和配置在板上的机械部件(如齿轮和坡道)进行计算。在提出的模型中定义了一组称为超级单体的细胞,以表示细胞的同时状态转变,以实现连接齿轮的链式反应。一个小的元件,它的存储器称为转换器显示了一个说明性的例子,在这个模型。
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引用次数: 0
User-Side Updating of Third-Party Libraries for Android Applications Android应用的第三方库的用户端更新
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00088
Hiroki Ogawa, Eiji Takimoto, Koichi Mouri, S. Saito
A Third-Party Library(TPL) is often used in developing Android applications, however older TPLs may have vulnerabilities. Hence developers need to keep them in their applications the latest version. Nevertheless, there is a lot of applications using older TPLs. In this paper, we propose a new method which users enable to update TPLs in Android applications. An Android application and TPLs can be converted to smali file which is more of an assembly based language. A smali file can be replaced with another smali file on the same class. Our method takes advantage of its properties and exchanges a vulnerable TPL for an security fixed one. Moreover, we apply it to real applications and evaluate feasibility of it.
第三方库(TPL)经常用于开发Android应用程序,但是旧的TPL可能存在漏洞。因此,开发人员需要在应用程序中保持它们的最新版本。尽管如此,仍有许多应用程序使用较旧的tpl。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法,使用户能够在Android应用程序中更新tpl。Android应用程序和tpl可以转换成小文件,更像是一种基于汇编语言的文件。可以用同一类上的另一个小文件替换小文件。我们的方法利用了它的特性,将一个易受攻击的TPL交换为一个安全固定的TPL。并将其应用于实际应用,对其可行性进行了评价。
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引用次数: 3
Performance Evaluation and Visualization of Scientific Applications Using PMlib 使用PMlib的科学应用程序的性能评估和可视化
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00053
Kazunori Mikami, K. Ono, J. Nonaka
The computational performance of scientific applications on HPC systems is often much lower than user expectation based on the system's maximum performance specifications. To understand the basis for this performance gap, a multi-perspective evaluation is important. For instance, from the user perspective, correlating the theoretical computation coded as a source program with the actual computation workload produced by the compilers is valuable. From the system perspective, evaluating the characteristics of microarchitecture elements such as processor core and memory is of significance. An open source library called PMlib was developed to address these types of synthetic evaluations. PMlib provides an avenue for reporting the arithmetic/application workload explicitly coded in the source program, as well as the actually executed system workload. It also provides detailed utilization reports of processor-specific hardware including the categorized SIMD instruction statistics, the layered cache hit/miss rate, and the effective memory bandwidth, which are captured via hardware performance counters (HWPC). Using PMlib, users can conduct a synthetic analysis of application performance, and obtain useful feedback for further optimized execution of applications.
在高性能计算系统上,科学应用的计算性能往往远远低于基于系统最大性能规格的用户期望。要了解这种性能差距的基础,多角度评估是很重要的。例如,从用户的角度来看,将作为源程序编码的理论计算与编译器产生的实际计算工作量相关联是有价值的。从系统的角度出发,对处理器内核、存储器等微体系结构元件的特性进行评估具有重要意义。开发了一个名为PMlib的开源库来处理这些类型的综合评估。PMlib为报告源程序中显式编码的算术/应用程序工作负载以及实际执行的系统工作负载提供了一种途径。它还提供了特定处理器硬件的详细利用率报告,包括分类SIMD指令统计数据、分层缓存命中率/失误率和有效内存带宽,这些都是通过硬件性能计数器(HWPC)捕获的。使用PMlib,用户可以对应用程序性能进行综合分析,并获得有用的反馈,以进一步优化应用程序的执行。
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引用次数: 1
Formalization of Asynchronous Cellular Automata Using Asynchronous Protocol for Communications 使用异步通信协议的异步元胞自动机形式化
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00015
Jia Lee, F. Peper, K. Leibnitz
Asynchronous cellular automata (ACAs) allow cells to change their states independently at random times. Nevertheless, whenever a cell is activated for state transition, its new state is decided by the state of the cell itself, together with the current states of all neighboring cells. This implies that the cell, from being activated till undergoing a transition, must access every neighbor to acquire their present states and complete all communications in due time. In this paper, we formalize a novel type of ACAs which use asynchronous communicating protocol to exchange states between neighboring cells. This enables a cell in the ACA to change the state based on some preceding states, rather than the current states, of each neighboring cell.
异步元胞自动机(ACAs)允许单元在随机时间独立地改变其状态。然而,每当一个细胞被激活以进行状态转换时,它的新状态是由细胞本身的状态以及所有邻近细胞的当前状态决定的。这意味着细胞从被激活到进行过渡,必须访问每个邻居以获得它们的当前状态,并在适当的时间完成所有通信。在本文中,我们形式化了一种新型的ACAs,它使用异步通信协议在相邻单元之间交换状态。这使得ACA中的单元可以根据每个相邻单元的一些先前状态(而不是当前状态)更改状态。
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引用次数: 0
A Smaller-State Implementation of Real-Time Sequence Generator for {n^3 | n= 1, 2, 3,...} {n^3 | n= 1,2,3,…}实时序列生成器的小状态实现
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00012
N. Kamikawa, H. Umeo
A cellular automaton (CA) is a well-studied non-linear computational model of complex systems in which an infinite one-dimensional array of finite state machines (cells) updates itself in a synchronous manner according to a uniform local rule. A sequence generation problem on the CA model has been studied for a long time and a lot of generation algorithms has been proposed for a variety of non-regular sequences such as {2^n | n = 1, 2, 3, ...}, prime, and Fibonacci sequences etc. In this paper, we study a real-time sequence generator for {n^3 | n=1, 2, 3,...}. In the previous studies, Kamikawa and Umeo(2018) showed that sequence {n^3 | n=1, 2, 3, ... } can be generated in real-time by an eight-state CA. We show a new six-state implementation of real-time sequence generator for {n^3 | n=1, 2, 3, ... } rather than reducing the internal state of the Kamikawa and Umeo's sequence generator and give a formal proof of the correctness of the generator.
元胞自动机(CA)是一种被广泛研究的复杂系统的非线性计算模型,其中无限的一维有限状态机(细胞)阵列根据统一的局部规则以同步的方式更新自己。长期以来,人们一直在研究CA模型上的序列生成问题,并针对{2^n | n = 1,2,3,…等多种非正则序列提出了许多生成算法。},素数和斐波那契数列等。本文研究了{n^3 | n= 1,2,3,…}的实时序列生成器。在之前的研究中,Kamikawa和Umeo(2018)表明序列{n^3 | n= 1,2,3,…}可以由一个八状态CA实时生成。我们展示了一个新的六状态实时序列生成器,用于{n^3 | n= 1,2,3,…}而不是减少Kamikawa和Umeo的序列生成器的内部状态,并给出生成器正确性的正式证明。
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引用次数: 0
An Extension of A Temperature Modeling Tool HotSpot 6.0 for Castle-of-Chips Stacking 芯片城堡堆叠温度建模工具HotSpot 6.0的扩展
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00073
Tomohiro Totoki, M. Koibuchi, H. Amano
HotSpot is an open source analysis tool for estimating temperature of both 2D and 3D chip stacks. It counts both the primary path of the heat transfer through the heat-sink and the secondary path through the print circuit board. It can estimate the temperature of chips. However, HotSpot-6.0 cannot treat a complicated chip stacking such as the castle of chips (CoC) with inductive wireless coupling through-chip interface (TCI). Therefore, in this report we have extended the HotSpot simulator and updated it in order to evaluate CoC. Compared to the original HotSpot, the extended version of HotSpot had an average execution time increase of about 6% when evaluating the same vertical stacking. The execution time of CoC with the same number of chips is shorter than when executing vertical stacking, but when the number of layers is the same, the execution time is almost equal. Moreover, our design considers high productivity, e.g. it can easily set air cooling, oil cooling, water cooling evaluation and chip rotation setting.
HotSpot是一个开源的分析工具,用于估计二维和三维芯片堆栈的温度。它计算了通过散热器的主要传热路径和通过印刷电路板的次要传热路径。它可以估计芯片的温度。然而,HotSpot-6.0不能处理复杂的芯片堆叠,如带有感应无线耦合芯片接口(TCI)的芯片城堡(CoC)。因此,在本报告中,我们扩展了HotSpot模拟器并对其进行了更新,以便评估CoC。与原始HotSpot相比,HotSpot的扩展版本在评估相同的垂直堆叠时平均执行时间增加了约6%。芯片数相同时,CoC的执行时间比垂直堆叠时短,但层数相同时,执行时间几乎相等。此外,我们的设计考虑了高生产率,例如可以轻松设置风冷,油冷,水冷评估和芯片旋转设置。
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引用次数: 0
The Impact of Job Mapping on Random Network Topology 作业映射对随机网络拓扑结构的影响
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00024
Yao Hu, M. Koibuchi
A number of small parallel applications run on datacenters and supercomputers simultaneously. Job mapping becomes crucial to improving system utilization and application execution. Fragmentation of unused compute nodes could not be assigned for an incoming job since it may largely harm communication abilities between non-adjacent compute nodes. In this case, however, incoming jobs are likely to be pending on the overloaded system because they have to wait for the release of adjacent occupied compute nodes. In this study, we explore job mapping on random topology for the purpose of improving job scheduling ability. Ideally, a diverse application workload can be better supported disregarding its interconnection network topology with a certain time-space tradeoff. Our simulation results demonstrate that, over 3-D torus interconnection networks, the embedding of random topology performs better than that of 2-D mesh by 84% and seems comparable to that of 3-D mesh in terms of job scheduling performance. Over random topologies, the scheduling performance can be much improved by the embedding of random topologies especially for dealing with dozens of intensively incoming jobs. Overall, job mapping on random guest topology over random host topology presents the best job scheduling performance among all the cases in our evaluation.
许多小型并行应用程序同时在数据中心和超级计算机上运行。作业映射对于提高系统利用率和应用程序执行至关重要。不能为传入作业分配未使用的计算节点碎片,因为它可能在很大程度上损害非相邻计算节点之间的通信能力。然而,在这种情况下,传入的作业很可能在过载的系统上挂起,因为它们必须等待相邻被占用的计算节点的释放。本研究探讨随机拓扑上的作业映射,以提高作业调度能力。理想情况下,可以更好地支持不同的应用程序工作负载,而不考虑其互连网络拓扑,并进行一定的时间-空间权衡。我们的仿真结果表明,在三维环面互连网络中,随机拓扑的嵌入比二维网格的嵌入效果好84%,并且在作业调度性能方面与三维网格相当。在随机拓扑中,嵌入随机拓扑可以大大提高调度性能,特别是在处理大量密集输入作业时。总的来说,在我们评估的所有情况中,随机访客拓扑上的作业映射比随机主机拓扑上的作业映射表现出最好的作业调度性能。
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引用次数: 2
Acceleration of Analysis Processing on Decentralized Performance Profiling System Using Virtual Machines 利用虚拟机加速分散式性能分析系统的分析处理
Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/CANDARW.2018.00035
Masao Yamamoto, Kohta Nakashima, Toshihiro Yamauchi, A. Nagoya, H. Taniguchi
To detect the performance anomaly of a computer, as a structure for continuous performance profiling, decentralization of the performance profiling system using virtual machines has been proposed. Moreover, there have already been evaluation results reported regarding overhead, including data storing, and data sampling stall time. On the other hand, for continuous performance profiling, the continuous processing of performance profiling is needed, including not only data sampling and data storing but also analysis processing. Therefore, first, this paper describes a relationship condition among data sampling time, data storing time, and analysis processing time as the necessary condition for continuous performance profiling on a decentralized performance profiling system. Second, in order to satisfy the relationship condition, we propose a concurrent operation technique as the acceleration method of analysis processing for a decentralized performance profiling system. Finally, this paper presents quantitative evaluations of the proposed method, including the case of a multi-VMM environment.
为了检测计算机的性能异常,作为连续性能分析的结构,提出了使用虚拟机进行性能分析系统的分散化。此外,已经报告了关于开销的评估结果,包括数据存储和数据采样停顿时间。另一方面,对于连续的性能分析,需要对性能分析进行连续的处理,不仅包括数据采样和数据存储,还包括分析处理。因此,本文首先描述了数据采样时间、数据存储时间和分析处理时间之间的关系条件,这是在分散式性能分析系统上进行连续性能分析的必要条件。其次,为了满足关系条件,我们提出了一种并行运算技术作为分散性能分析系统分析处理的加速方法。最后,本文给出了所提方法的定量评估,包括一个多vmm环境的案例。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
2018 Sixth International Symposium on Computing and Networking Workshops (CANDARW)
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