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The problem of the parties’ explanations as evidence in arbitration courts 当事人解释在仲裁法庭上作为证据的问题
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2021-16-1-25-48
A. Sultanov
The article examines the problem of the parties explanations as evidence in arbitration courts. The author analyzes this problem through the prism of the admissibility of lies in the arbitration process. This problem is resolved from both legal and philosophical and ethical positions. The untruth is something that destroys trust the foundation of society, among other things, it undermines the credibility of the court, which accepts a lie; a lie destroys the person himself. The author reasonably believes that the one who considers a lie in court to be permissible allows the victory of untruth in court, thereby contributing to the transformation of a liar into a triumphant villain with the complicity of the court. Lying leads to dysfunction of justice, allowing lies in the trial is contrary to the very foundations of justice. The entry into force of a judgment based on a lie in one dispute only gives rise to a new dispute between the same parties. The author proves that a negative attitude towards lies is characteristic of both substantive and procedural law. It is concluded that the availability of effective means of protection against lies in the process is consistent with the principle of maintaining citizens confidence in the law and the actions of the state; justice is expected from the courts, not the encouragement of lies and deceit. The author reveals a contradiction between the attitude to judicial errors formed in the Soviet era and the consideration of the procedure of revision based on newly discovered circumstances only to the procedure of revision in the order of self-control, and the actual task of the court to correct judicial errors. It is rightly noted that this approach is extremely difficult to overcome, since new evidence showing the lie of the party is not considered by the courts as newly discovered circumstances. Meanwhile, a decision based on a lie is a miscarriage of justice.
本文探讨了仲裁法庭中当事人解释作为证据的问题。笔者从仲裁过程中谎言可采性的角度对这一问题进行了分析。这个问题要从法律、哲学和伦理的角度来解决。谎言是破坏信任的东西,社会的基础,其中,它破坏了法院的信誉,它接受谎言;谎言毁了人本身。作者合理地认为,认为法庭上的谎言是可以允许的人允许了不真实在法庭上的胜利,从而促成了骗子在法庭的共谋下变成胜利的恶棍。说谎导致司法功能失调,在审判中允许说谎违背了司法的根本基础。在一项争端中基于谎言的判决生效只会在同一当事方之间引起新的争端。对谎言的否定态度具有实体法和程序法的双重特征。结论是,在诉讼过程中提供有效的保护手段符合维护公民对法律和国家行为的信心的原则;人们期望法庭伸张正义,而不是鼓励谎言和欺骗。笔者揭示了苏联时代形成的对司法错误的态度与仅考虑基于新发现情况的修正程序对自我控制顺序的修正程序与法院纠正司法错误的实际任务之间的矛盾。应该正确地指出,这种做法是极其难以克服的,因为法院不会将证明当事人撒谎的新证据视为新发现的情况。与此同时,基于谎言的决定是误判。
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引用次数: 0
European Social Charter: basic guarantees of social and labor rights 欧洲社会宪章:社会和劳动权利的基本保障
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2021-16-1-15-24
A. Radaev
This article is devoted to the legal analysis of provisions of the European Social Charter, as the main international normative act regulating legal relations in the field of social and labor rights of workers, as well as identifying the features of the system of international cooperation in this area. The article touches upon the problem of institutional and conventional interaction of subjects of international law. The issues of the structure and content of both the European Social Charter and its basic norms governing the sphere of social and labor rights are considered. Attention is drawn to the fact that 60 years have passed since the adoption of this international legal act, which was opened for signature on October 18, 1961 in Turin. In the jubilee year, there is every reason to recall the history of the adoption and entry into force of the European Social Charter, its revision in 1996 and the ratification of this international legal act by the Russian Federation after a long period after the official signature. The article also concerns certain problems of reforming domestic legislation in the field of social rights and guarantees in accordance with European standards. The problems of the implementation of the norms of the European Social Charter governing legal relations related to social rights and guarantees of workers into the modern legislation of the Russian Federation are touched upon. On this basis, it is concluded that it is necessary and advisable to include in Russian legislation the provisions of the European Social Charter on additional guarantees for the protection of social, labour and economic rights. It was found that certain norms of the European Social Charter, which provide guarantees of rights to migrant workers, are not fully included in domestic legislation. Comparative legal analysis of the compliance of the legislation of the Russian Federation with the provisions of the European Social Charter shows that the legal foundations of social and economic guarantees of the rights of Russian citizens are basically consistent with the provisions of the Charter. At the same time, it is stated that the level of guarantees actually provided is determined by the capabilities of the state. Further development of the social and labor sphere in the country makes it possible to approach the standards proclaimed in the Charter, which makes it possible to fulfill the obligations assumed upon its ratification. Russias accession to the European Social Charter and its ratification undoubtedly strengthened the position of our state in relations with other countries, increased the level of protection of social, labour and economic rights in the country. It is advisable to discuss issues of ensuring the implementation of the provisions of the European Social Charter in the Russian legal system in order to further improve national legislation, improve the level and quality of life in our country.
欧洲社会宪章》是规范工人社会和劳动权利领域法律关系的主要国际规范性法案,本文致力于对《欧洲社会宪章》的条款进行法律分析,并确定该领域国际合作体系的特点。文章探讨了国际法主体的制度和常规互动问题。文章探讨了《欧洲社会宪章》及其社会和劳动权利领域基本准则的结构和内容问题。该国际法律文书于 1961 年 10 月 18 日在都灵开放供签署,迄今已有 60 年。值此周年纪念之际,我们完全有理由回顾《欧洲社会宪章》的通过和生效、1996 年的修订以及俄罗斯联邦在正式签署后很长时间才批准该国际法律文书的历史。本条还涉及根据欧洲标准改革社会权利和保障领域国内立法的某些问题。在俄罗斯联邦现代立法中执行《欧洲社会宪章》关于劳动者社会权利和保障法律关系的准则的问 题也有所涉及。在此基础上得出的结论是,将《欧洲社会宪章》关于保护社会、劳动和经济权利的额外保障的条款纳入俄罗 斯立法是必要和可取的。研究发现,《欧洲社会宪章》中保障移徙工人权利的某些准则并未完全纳入国内立法。对俄罗斯联邦法律是否符合《欧洲社会宪章》条款的比较法律分析表明,俄罗斯公民权利的社 会和经济保障的法律基础与《宪章》条款基本一致。同时还指出,实际提供的保障水平取决于国家的能力。国家社会和劳动领域的进一步发展使其有可能接近《宪章》宣布的标准,从而有可能履行批准《宪章》时承担的义务。俄罗斯加入并批准《欧洲社会宪章》无疑加强了我国在与其他国家关系中的地位,提高了我国对社会、劳动和经济权利的保护水平。为了进一步完善国家立法,提高我国的生活水平和质量,最好讨论确保在俄罗斯法律体系中执行《欧洲社会宪章》条款的问题。
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引用次数: 0
On the question of the relationship between entrepreneurial and professional activity 论创业活动与专业活动的关系问题
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2021-16-1-59-70
E. Balashova
The article deals with the issues of qualification of various types of economic activity. An attempt is made to analyze the ratio of entrepreneurial and professional activities, and the criteria of professional activity are highlighted. The author comes to the conclusion that there is an interpretation of the concept of professional activity in the broad and narrow sense of the word. The author shares the conclusion that professional activity is carried out by an individual who has special knowledge, qualifications obtained either in the course of training, or formed as a result of gaining experience in the professional field. This person can carry out their professional duties, both within the framework of an employment contract, and independently under a civil law contract, engaging in private practice. Professional activity may or may not be entrepreneurial in nature. At the same time, entrepreneurial activity may not be professional in terms of the availability of special knowledge and qualifications. Legal regulation of both professional and business activities can be carried out by various methods, including using elements of self-regulation and without them, which does not allow its features to be used to distinguish between these types of activities. The article also considers the features of the concept of entrepreneurial activity, distinguishing this type of activity from other economic activities.
本文论述了各类经济活动的资格问题。尝试分析创业活动和专业活动的比例,并强调了专业活动的标准。本文认为,对专业活动的概念有广义和狭义的解释。作者同意这样的结论,即专业活动是由具有特殊知识、在培训过程中获得的资格或在专业领域获得经验而形成的资格的个人进行的。这个人既可以在雇佣合同的框架内履行其专业职责,也可以独立地在民法合同下从事私人执业。专业活动可能具有也可能不具有创业性质。同时,企业活动在获得专门知识和资格方面可能不是专业的。对专业活动和商业活动的法律监管可以通过各种方法进行,包括使用和不使用自我监管的要素,这就不允许使用其特征来区分这些类型的活动。本文还考虑了创业活动概念的特征,将这种活动与其他经济活动区分开来。
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引用次数: 0
Personalized accounting in the pension system of the Russian Federation 俄罗斯联邦养老金制度中的个性化会计
Pub Date : 2021-11-13 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2021-16-1-71-81
T. Komarova, L. P. Komarova
The article deals with the issues of pension provision of citizens, namely, the features of reporting in the mandatory pension insurance system. The authors studied the norms of the adopted Federal Law № 136-FZ as of 24.04.2020 On Amendments Being Made to Articles 2 and 11 of the Federal Law On Individual (Personalized) Accounting in the Mandatory Pension Insurance System, Federal Law № 436-FZ as of 16.12.2019 On Amendments to the Federal Law On Individual (Personalized) Accounting in the mandatory pension insurance system and analyzed the newly introduced employers obligation to provide information on personnel changes (on the admission and dismissal of a citizen) no later than a working day, following the day of the issuance of the relevant order or other document. Much attention is paid to the mechanism of implementation of the provisions on the obligation of timely reporting to the bodies of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation, as well as responsibility (administrative) for non-fulfillment of this obligation. At the end of the study, a conclusion was made about the imperfection of the existing model of receiving reports by one body (the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation), and the control over the provision of such reports by another body (the Federal Executive authority exercising federal state supervision over compliance with labor legislation).
本文论述了强制性养老保险制度下公民养老保障的问题,即申报的特点。作者研究了截至2020年4月24日通过的第136-FZ号联邦法关于对强制性养老保险制度中个人(个性化)会计联邦法第2条和第11条进行修正的规范,2019年12月16日第436-FZ号联邦法,关于强制性养老保险制度中个人(个性化)会计联邦法的修正案,并分析了新引入的雇主有义务在相关命令或其他文件发布之日起不迟于一个工作日提供有关人事变动(关于公民的录取和解雇)的信息。人们十分注意执行关于及时向俄罗斯联邦养恤基金各机构提出报告的义务的规定的机制,以及不履行这一义务的(行政)责任。在研究结束时,得出的结论是,由一个机构(俄罗斯联邦养恤基金)接受报告的现有模式不完善,而由另一个机构(对遵守劳工立法行使联邦国家监督的联邦行政当局)对提供这种报告进行控制。
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引用次数: 0
LEGAL MODERNIZATION OF THE JUDICIAL SYSTEM OF THE SAMARA PROVINCE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: JUSTICE OF THE PEACE 十九世纪下半叶萨马拉省司法制度的法律现代化:治安司法
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-5-9
T. F. Yudina
The article considers peculiarities of the emergence and development of justices of the Samara province in the second half of the XIX century, analyzes the reasons for their liquidation in 1889.
本文考察了十九世纪下半叶萨马拉省法官产生和发展的特殊性,分析了1889年萨马拉省法官被解散的原因。
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引用次数: 0
ABOUT SOME QUESTIONS OF QUALIFICATION OF PETTY THEFT COMMITTED BY A PERSON SUBJECTED TO ADMINISTRATIVE PUNISHMENT 关于受行政处罚的人犯小偷小摸罪的一些定性问题
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-41-46
K. S. Neshchadimova
The article examines the problems of administrative prejudice in the criminal law on the example of the operation of regulations stipulated in the Article 1581 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. A legal and technical analysis of the composition of petty theft of other peoples property, committed by a person subjected to administrative punishment. Some controversial issues of qualification of the analyzed criminal offense are considered. Attention is focused on the moment of the end of petty theft of other peoples property, committed by a person subjected to administrative punishment. The issue of necessity and expediency of increasing the cost threshold of petty theft of other peoples property is considered. The article also suggests other ways to improve the criminal legislation of Russia and the practice of its application, aimed at reducing the level of mercenary property crime in the country. It is shown that despite the fact that the appearance of Article 158.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is connected with the introduction of administrative prejudice and, as a result, the criminalization of acts provided for by this Code, the latest law enforcement practice shows an insufficiently high level of effectiveness of this criminal law institution.
文章以《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》第 1581 条规定的条例实施为例,探讨了刑法中的行政偏见问题。从法律和技术角度分析了受行政处罚者所犯的轻微盗窃他人财物罪的构成。对所分析的刑事犯罪定性的一些有争议的问题进行了审议。重点关注了受行政处罚者实施的轻微盗窃他人财物行为的终结时间。文章考虑了提高小偷小摸他人财物的成本门槛的必要性和适宜性问题。文章还提出了完善俄罗斯刑事立法及其应用实践的其他方法,旨在降低国内雇佣军财产犯罪的水平。文章指出,尽管《俄罗斯联邦刑法典》第 158.1 条的出现与引入行政偏见有关,并因此将该法典规定 的行为定为刑事犯罪,但最新的执法实践表明,这一刑法制度的有效性还不够高。
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引用次数: 0
ABOUT THE RATIO OF ELEMENTS OF CRIMES PROVIDED FOR BY ARTICLES 201 AND 285 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 关于俄罗斯联邦刑法第201条和第285条规定的犯罪要素的比例
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-35-40
S. V. Elekina
Among the controversial issues of law enforcement is the problem of distinguishing between abuse of authority and abuse of official authority. This problem is caused by a significant similarity of the elements of crimes under article 201 and article 285 of the criminal code. In order to correct qualification called socially dangerous encroachments in the article conducted a comparative legal analysis of the major signs of compounds that characterize the object, objective side, subjective side and the subject of abuse. Proposed effects of any kind of abuse of power committed in the field of private services, and in the sphere of public services is considered a significant violation of rights and legitimate interests of citizens and (or) organizations or legally protected interests of society or state, which includes substantial harm. The type of composition by design is formal and material. The object and subject of abuse of authority and abuse of official powers are identified as the main criteria for distinguishing between criminal attacks under the current criminal legislation of Russia.
执法的争议问题之一是区分滥用权力和滥用职权的问题。造成这一问题的原因是刑法第201条和第285条规定的犯罪要素极为相似。为了纠正被称为社会危险侵犯行为的资格,本文对主要标志的复合性进行了比较法律分析,即客体、客观方面、主观方面和滥用主体的特征。在私人服务领域和公共服务领域,任何形式的滥用权力的后果都被认为是对公民和(或)组织的权利和合法利益或受法律保护的社会或国家利益的严重侵犯,其中包括实质性损害。设计构成的类型是形式和材料。在俄罗斯现行刑事立法中,滥用职权和滥用职权的客体和主体被确定为区分犯罪攻击的主要标准。
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引用次数: 0
USING THE RESULTS OF OPERATIONAL INVESTIGATIVE ACTIVITY IN CRIMINAL PROCEDURE PROOF (THE HISTORICAL-LEGAL ANALYSIS) 在刑事诉讼证据中运用侦查活动的结果(历史-法律分析)
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-22-28
Yana Samiulina
The article examines the questions of correlation of concepts and content of operational investigative activity and evidence in criminal proceedings.
本文探讨了刑事诉讼中侦查活动的概念和内容与证据的关系问题。
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引用次数: 0
DEFINITION OF THE MOMENT OF CONCLUSION OF PREJUDICIAL COOPERATION AGREEMENT TAKING INTO CONSIDERATION THE QUALIFICATION OF A CRIME 考虑犯罪构成条件的妨害合作协议缔结时刻的界定
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-15-21
O. Klimanova
This article is about possible temporary limits of criminal legal proceedings in which the prejudicial cooperation agreement may be concluded. The special focus is on qualification of a crime as the factor which is directly influencing cooperation prospects for the suspect (accused) and the moment of its conclusion. The research objective is the identification of interrelation between degree of accuracy of qualification of a crime at some stage of criminal procedure and security of observance of legitimate interests of the cooperating person.
本文探讨了刑事诉讼程序中可能存在的临时限制条件,在此条件下可以达成不利于当事人的合作协议。特别侧重于犯罪作为直接影响嫌疑人(被告)合作前景和合作结束时刻的因素的资格。研究的目的是确定刑事诉讼程序中某一阶段的犯罪资格的准确程度与合作人的合法利益得到保障之间的相互关系。
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引用次数: 0
BASIC MODEL FOR DIFFERENTIATION OF DOMESTIC PRE-JUDICIAL CRIMINAL LEGAL PROCEEDINGS 国内审前刑事诉讼程序区分的基本模式
Pub Date : 2021-11-08 DOI: 10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-29-34
L. A. Serzhantova
In the article are analyzed domestic, and also foreign basic models of differentiation of the pre-judicial criminal legal proceedings, a result the author comes to a conclusion that the most successful basis for differentiation of pre-judicial production is police inquiry on the basis of which the issue of an investigation form choice has to be resolved.
本文分析了国内外审前刑事诉讼程序分化的基本模式,认为审前生产分化最成功的基础是警察讯问,在此基础上解决侦查形式的选择问题。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Juridical Analytical Journal
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