The isobaric heat capacities of liquid ethanol are measured. Our group constructed a flow-calorimeter in 1996 for measuring specific heat-capacity at constant pressure of liquid refrigerants. The improvement of apparatus is continuously conducted. In 2008, Suzuki reconstructed the apparatus of a flow calorimetry and a stable mass flow rate became possible by introducing plastic accumulators. And isobaric heat capacities of ethanol are measured. The measurements were obtained at 8 points in the temperature range from 280 to 320 K and along a pressure of 500 kPa. The expanded uncertainty(coverage factor of k = 2) for heat capacity is estimated to be from 0.57 % to 0.91 % . We confirmed that the apparatus is able to measure without influence of heat loss and to get the repeatability within the uncertainty. For more careful consideration, we measured for two different samples of ethanol supplied from different manufacturers under the same conditions. Measured values for the different samples agree within the uncertainty each other. The measurements don’t perfectly agree with existing measurements reported by other researchers or derived specific-heat-capacity values from existing equation of state developed by Dillon and Penoncello within the uncertainty. Very careful assessment is requested for the isobaric heat capacity values of liquid ethanol.
{"title":"Measurements of isobaric heat capacity of liquid ethanol by using flow calorimetry","authors":"S. Kondo, T. Miyazawa, Haruki Sato","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.78.998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.78.998","url":null,"abstract":"The isobaric heat capacities of liquid ethanol are measured. Our group constructed a flow-calorimeter in 1996 for measuring specific heat-capacity at constant pressure of liquid refrigerants. The improvement of apparatus is continuously conducted. In 2008, Suzuki reconstructed the apparatus of a flow calorimetry and a stable mass flow rate became possible by introducing plastic accumulators. And isobaric heat capacities of ethanol are measured. The measurements were obtained at 8 points in the temperature range from 280 to 320 K and along a pressure of 500 kPa. The expanded uncertainty(coverage factor of k = 2) for heat capacity is estimated to be from 0.57 % to 0.91 % . We confirmed that the apparatus is able to measure without influence of heat loss and to get the repeatability within the uncertainty. For more careful consideration, we measured for two different samples of ethanol supplied from different manufacturers under the same conditions. Measured values for the different samples agree within the uncertainty each other. The measurements don’t perfectly agree with existing measurements reported by other researchers or derived specific-heat-capacity values from existing equation of state developed by Dillon and Penoncello within the uncertainty. Very careful assessment is requested for the isobaric heat capacity values of liquid ethanol.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126023724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An analytical method was proposed and validated for droplet diameters and size distributions. The method was developed based on the energy conservation law including surface free energy and Laplace pressure. Under several hypotheses, the law derived an equation indicating that atomization resulted from a kinetic energy loss. Thus, once the amount of loss was obtained, the droplet diameter was able to be calculated without any experimental parameters. When the effects of ambient gas were ignorable, injection velocity profiles of liquid jets were the essential factor for the reduction of kinetic energy. The minimum Sauter mean diameter produced by liquid sheet atomization was inversely proportional to the injection Weber number under the conditions of injection velocity profiles with laminar or turbulent. By applying the mean diameter model, a non dimensional distribution function was also derived assuming Nukiyama-Tanasawa's function. The validity of these estimation methods were favorably confirmed by comparisons with corresponding mean diameters and the size distributions, which were experimentally measured under atmospheric pressure.
{"title":"Estimation method of spray diameter and size distribution based on energy conservation law","authors":"C. Inoue, Toshinori Watanabe, T. Himeno, M. Koshi","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.78.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.78.850","url":null,"abstract":"An analytical method was proposed and validated for droplet diameters and size distributions. The method was developed based on the energy conservation law including surface free energy and Laplace pressure. Under several hypotheses, the law derived an equation indicating that atomization resulted from a kinetic energy loss. Thus, once the amount of loss was obtained, the droplet diameter was able to be calculated without any experimental parameters. When the effects of ambient gas were ignorable, injection velocity profiles of liquid jets were the essential factor for the reduction of kinetic energy. The minimum Sauter mean diameter produced by liquid sheet atomization was inversely proportional to the injection Weber number under the conditions of injection velocity profiles with laminar or turbulent. By applying the mean diameter model, a non dimensional distribution function was also derived assuming Nukiyama-Tanasawa's function. The validity of these estimation methods were favorably confirmed by comparisons with corresponding mean diameters and the size distributions, which were experimentally measured under atmospheric pressure.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126115391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A basic study to upgrade long-term reliability and durability of a high-pressure hydrogen gas valve was carried out in anticipation of increase of the use of hydrogen utilization machines and infrastructures. The morphology of the surface damage in the sealing components, the damaging mechanism and the relation between development of the damage and leakage were investigated. The surface damage in hydrogen gas was caused by surface plastic flow and transfer of material. In addition, fatigue crack and following delamination were caused by repetitive contact. Small amount of the surface damage didn’t cause leakage. When the surface damage reached a certain amount of depth or width, steep increase of the leakage was caused. Although the meaning of the limitation of the depth or width of the surface damage to cause the rapid increase of leakage is not fully understood, it was recognized that holistic studies to minimalize surface damage including contact conditions, shape of the sealing components and material are required in terms of wear but also in terms of fatigue.
{"title":"Observation of Surface Damage in a Valve for Hydrogen Gas and Leakage Conditions","authors":"M. Kubota, Y. Adachi, Y. Kondo, Y. Kondo","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.78.674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.78.674","url":null,"abstract":"A basic study to upgrade long-term reliability and durability of a high-pressure hydrogen gas valve was carried out in anticipation of increase of the use of hydrogen utilization machines and infrastructures. The morphology of the surface damage in the sealing components, the damaging mechanism and the relation between development of the damage and leakage were investigated. The surface damage in hydrogen gas was caused by surface plastic flow and transfer of material. In addition, fatigue crack and following delamination were caused by repetitive contact. Small amount of the surface damage didn’t cause leakage. When the surface damage reached a certain amount of depth or width, steep increase of the leakage was caused. Although the meaning of the limitation of the depth or width of the surface damage to cause the rapid increase of leakage is not fully understood, it was recognized that holistic studies to minimalize surface damage including contact conditions, shape of the sealing components and material are required in terms of wear but also in terms of fatigue.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134000818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Naoto Kawasaki, Tomoya Shimada, T. Fukui, K. Hamasaki, S. Kudo
The viscosity of the endothelial cell membrane changes during cell migration or in response to shear stress exposure. Interestingly, the degree of viscosity change differs among the various regions of the endothelial cell. These local variations in membrane viscosity may contribute to spatially specific signal transductions. It is unclear, however, whether local membrane viscosity affects to membrane protein dynamics. To address this issue, we examined membrane protein diffusion at different sites in endothelial cells. We fused the photocromic fluorescent protein Dronpa to glycosil phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (DGGPI) which diffuses on the extracellular surface of the endothelial cell membrane. The DGGPI diffusion coefficient D was 0.165 ± 0.013 μm/s (mean ± SE) at 37°C. Examining different sites in the endothelial cells at 28°C (room temperature) revealed that the DGGPI diffusion coefficient at the cell edge was 27% lower than the value measured at the of cell body center. 78 巻 785 号 (2012-1) 194
{"title":"Analysis of GPI-AP diffusion on plasma membrane of endothelial cell using photochromic fluorescent protein","authors":"Naoto Kawasaki, Tomoya Shimada, T. Fukui, K. Hamasaki, S. Kudo","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.78.194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.78.194","url":null,"abstract":"The viscosity of the endothelial cell membrane changes during cell migration or in response to shear stress exposure. Interestingly, the degree of viscosity change differs among the various regions of the endothelial cell. These local variations in membrane viscosity may contribute to spatially specific signal transductions. It is unclear, however, whether local membrane viscosity affects to membrane protein dynamics. To address this issue, we examined membrane protein diffusion at different sites in endothelial cells. We fused the photocromic fluorescent protein Dronpa to glycosil phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein (DGGPI) which diffuses on the extracellular surface of the endothelial cell membrane. The DGGPI diffusion coefficient D was 0.165 ± 0.013 μm/s (mean ± SE) at 37°C. Examining different sites in the endothelial cells at 28°C (room temperature) revealed that the DGGPI diffusion coefficient at the cell edge was 27% lower than the value measured at the of cell body center. 78 巻 785 号 (2012-1) 194","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126089650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Gotoda, Yu Hashtoa, T. Hiejima, Kazumichi Matsutani, M. Nishioka
We experimentally investigate the unstable behavior of a large scale hollow-type streamwise vortex which has a solid-rotation type distribution of vorticity existing only in an annular region initially, focusing on how the large scale vortex breaks down into small scales downstream. With increasing the intensity of the initial vorticity, the large scale hollow vortex undergoes significant transition from a steady-state to nonlinear stages governed by coherent vortices through the primary linear instability. When the periodic motions due to the primary instability grow and redistribute the vorticity, a rotating vorticity field of polygonal shape begins to develop. This is an important precursor to the nonlinear evolution of the instability of hollow-type streamwise vortex. The flow structures we obtained in this work allow the fluid mixing to be significantly enhanced even under low Reynolds numbers. The present study also shows that the ratio of maximum azimuthal velocity to mean axial velocity is important as a governing flow-similarity parameter. This finding is reasonable as the cited swirl velocity ratio is directly proportional to the ratio of vortex Reynolds number to axial flow Reynolds number.
{"title":"Instability of a hollow-type streamwise vortex","authors":"H. Gotoda, Yu Hashtoa, T. Hiejima, Kazumichi Matsutani, M. Nishioka","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.78.531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.78.531","url":null,"abstract":"We experimentally investigate the unstable behavior of a large scale hollow-type streamwise vortex which has a solid-rotation type distribution of vorticity existing only in an annular region initially, focusing on how the large scale vortex breaks down into small scales downstream. With increasing the intensity of the initial vorticity, the large scale hollow vortex undergoes significant transition from a steady-state to nonlinear stages governed by coherent vortices through the primary linear instability. When the periodic motions due to the primary instability grow and redistribute the vorticity, a rotating vorticity field of polygonal shape begins to develop. This is an important precursor to the nonlinear evolution of the instability of hollow-type streamwise vortex. The flow structures we obtained in this work allow the fluid mixing to be significantly enhanced even under low Reynolds numbers. The present study also shows that the ratio of maximum azimuthal velocity to mean axial velocity is important as a governing flow-similarity parameter. This finding is reasonable as the cited swirl velocity ratio is directly proportional to the ratio of vortex Reynolds number to axial flow Reynolds number.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127583243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autoignition and combustion characteristics of biomass gas and city gas 13A mixed fuels in a HCCI engine were investigated. A mock biomass gases consisting of H2, CH4, CO, N2 and CO2 were used assuming woody pyrolysis gases. Using a modified gas engine with high compression ratio pistons and an inlet air heating system, experiments were carried out. Influences of mixing ratio of two fuels on heat release and indicated thermal efficiency were investigated. Higher city gas 13A content make maximum value of rate of heat release lower at a constant equivalence ratio and a constant IMEP. The mixed fuel obtains higher indicated thermal efficiency and lower cyclic variation than biomass gas or city gas 13A only. Effects of H2 and CO contents of biomass gas were also investigated. It is clarified that H2 has a big influence on rate of heat release but CO does not.
{"title":"HCCI engine fueled by woody biomass gas and city gas (effect of fuel composition)","authors":"Y. Yamasaki, Haruto Shinoda, S. Kaneko","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.78.410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.78.410","url":null,"abstract":"Autoignition and combustion characteristics of biomass gas and city gas 13A mixed fuels in a HCCI engine were investigated. A mock biomass gases consisting of H2, CH4, CO, N2 and CO2 were used assuming woody pyrolysis gases. Using a modified gas engine with high compression ratio pistons and an inlet air heating system, experiments were carried out. Influences of mixing ratio of two fuels on heat release and indicated thermal efficiency were investigated. Higher city gas 13A content make maximum value of rate of heat release lower at a constant equivalence ratio and a constant IMEP. The mixed fuel obtains higher indicated thermal efficiency and lower cyclic variation than biomass gas or city gas 13A only. Effects of H2 and CO contents of biomass gas were also investigated. It is clarified that H2 has a big influence on rate of heat release but CO does not.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133357831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kawabata, Tsutomu Takahashi, Takeshi Haginoya, M. Shirakashi
Wind tunnel experiments are carried out to investigate interference effect of downstream strip plate of width w=d on the crossflow vibration of a square cylinder with a side length d=26mm. While sufficient suppression of Karman vortex induced vibration is not attained by plates with crossflow height less than ld=4d, the galloping is suppressed even by a square plate, i.e. ld=d, when the gap ratio 1 5m/s with the maximum amplitude at around s/d=0.3. The amplitude at s/d=0.3 increases divergently with flow velocity. Measurement of the lift force on the square cylinder and the velocity in the near wake for the corresponding fixed system shows no evidence for periodic change of flow responsible for the vibration. A prediction of this vibration based on the quasi-static hypothesis suggests that the vibration is caused by the fluid-elastic instability but not by a periodic vortex shedding. Hence, the name “Wake Body Interference Fluid Elastic Vibration (WBIFEV)” is proposed for this vibration.
{"title":"Interference Effect of Downstream Strip Plate on the Crossflow Vibration of a Square Cylinder","authors":"Y. Kawabata, Tsutomu Takahashi, Takeshi Haginoya, M. Shirakashi","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.77.647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.77.647","url":null,"abstract":"Wind tunnel experiments are carried out to investigate interference effect of downstream strip plate of width w=d on the crossflow vibration of a square cylinder with a side length d=26mm. While sufficient suppression of Karman vortex induced vibration is not attained by plates with crossflow height less than ld=4d, the galloping is suppressed even by a square plate, i.e. ld=d, when the gap ratio 1 5m/s with the maximum amplitude at around s/d=0.3. The amplitude at s/d=0.3 increases divergently with flow velocity. Measurement of the lift force on the square cylinder and the velocity in the near wake for the corresponding fixed system shows no evidence for periodic change of flow responsible for the vibration. A prediction of this vibration based on the quasi-static hypothesis suggests that the vibration is caused by the fluid-elastic instability but not by a periodic vortex shedding. Hence, the name “Wake Body Interference Fluid Elastic Vibration (WBIFEV)” is proposed for this vibration.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125915874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Osamu Kuwazuru, Yozo Murata, Takao Utsunomiya, Yoshihiko Hangai, T. Yano, S. Bidhar, Y. Shiihara, Soichiro Kitahara, Nobuhiro Yoshikawa
An empirical prediction method for the fatigue strength considering the effect of porosity was proposed. We prepared six types of specimen of ADC12 high pressure die cast aluminum alloy, where the casting condition was different to each other, and obtained the S-N curve for each specimen type from the fatigue test. The porosity volume fraction for all specimens was calculated using the X-ray CT images. The image-based finite element analysis was also carried out for all specimens to evaluate the maximum first principal stress corresponding to the nominal stress amplitude in the fatigue test. The maximum stress was referred to as the local stress amplitude, and its ratio to the nominal stress amplitude was defined as the local stress concentration factor. We modified the S-N data by using the local stress amplitude instead of the nominal stress amplitude, and obtained a single master S-N curve. From the statistical investigation, the local stress concentration factor was found to be determined empirically by the porosity volume fraction. The relationship was identified by the least-square approximation. Consequently, we found that the fatigue strength was predicted from the porosity volume fraction via the local stress amplitude and the master S-N curve.
{"title":"アルミニウム合金ダイカストの疲労強度に対する鋳巣の定量的影響評価（第2報，鋳巣まわり弾性応力場に基づく疲労強度予測）","authors":"Osamu Kuwazuru, Yozo Murata, Takao Utsunomiya, Yoshihiko Hangai, T. Yano, S. Bidhar, Y. Shiihara, Soichiro Kitahara, Nobuhiro Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIA.77.48","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIA.77.48","url":null,"abstract":"An empirical prediction method for the fatigue strength considering the effect of porosity was proposed. We prepared six types of specimen of ADC12 high pressure die cast aluminum alloy, where the casting condition was different to each other, and obtained the S-N curve for each specimen type from the fatigue test. The porosity volume fraction for all specimens was calculated using the X-ray CT images. The image-based finite element analysis was also carried out for all specimens to evaluate the maximum first principal stress corresponding to the nominal stress amplitude in the fatigue test. The maximum stress was referred to as the local stress amplitude, and its ratio to the nominal stress amplitude was defined as the local stress concentration factor. We modified the S-N data by using the local stress amplitude instead of the nominal stress amplitude, and obtained a single master S-N curve. From the statistical investigation, the local stress concentration factor was found to be determined empirically by the porosity volume fraction. The relationship was identified by the least-square approximation. Consequently, we found that the fatigue strength was predicted from the porosity volume fraction via the local stress amplitude and the master S-N curve.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124147874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yearly, concerns on environmental problem of the earth are growing on. One of the typical issues is desertification. To inhibit harmful effects of desertification, the prediction methods which clarify mechanism of desertification are required. It is expected that numerical simulations are useful for the purpose. However, the numerical procedure and the physical models for predictions have not been established yet. Hence, the purposes of the present study are to construct the holistic simulation technique which reasonably reproduces a sand transfer, and to apply it to create an effective prevention method of desertification. The computational target is wind tunnel experiments of sand transfer around a cube on the sand surface conducted by Tominaga(1). Numerical results are compared with the experiments. In the computation, it is confirmed that the results are quantitatively similar to the experiments, for example, the eroded sand height around the cube.
{"title":"Numerical simulation of sand transfer in desert and its suppression","authors":"Kazuto Matsui, Masaya Suzuki, M. Yamamoto","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.77.2246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.77.2246","url":null,"abstract":"Yearly, concerns on environmental problem of the earth are growing on. One of the typical issues is desertification. To inhibit harmful effects of desertification, the prediction methods which clarify mechanism of desertification are required. It is expected that numerical simulations are useful for the purpose. However, the numerical procedure and the physical models for predictions have not been established yet. Hence, the purposes of the present study are to construct the holistic simulation technique which reasonably reproduces a sand transfer, and to apply it to create an effective prevention method of desertification. The computational target is wind tunnel experiments of sand transfer around a cube on the sand surface conducted by Tominaga(1). Numerical results are compared with the experiments. In the computation, it is confirmed that the results are quantitatively similar to the experiments, for example, the eroded sand height around the cube.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116297820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kudo, M. Hosobuchi, Shogo Kuretoko, Tateki Sumii, Tomoya Shimada, Marie Terada, K. Tanishita
A phenomenon has been observed in which intracellular Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells increases upon application of shear stress (Ca2+ response). It is therefore assumed that Ca2+ is the second messenger in the transfer of shear stress stimulation into cells. The Ca2+ response is also known to spread to surrounding cells (Ca2+ wave). We investigated the effects on Ca2+ wave among cultured bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) upon inhibiting the main intercellular signaling pathways, such as gap junction and paracrine pathways by inducing Ca2+ wave using D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, P4(5)-(1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl) ester trisodium salt (Caged IP3) due to an intracellular IP3 elevation. In addition, we investigated the Ca2+ wave among BAECs under shear stress loading. Using Caged IP3, local release of ATP from BAEC induced Ca2+ wave. The Ca2+ wave was inhibited by the inhibitors of paracrine pathways. Furthermore, the Ca2+ response spread in the direction of the downstream under shear flow. These results suggest that paracrine pathway is dominant in both of flow and no flow conditions.
{"title":"Intercellular Ca 2+ response triggered by IP 3 among endothelial cells in shear stress flow","authors":"S. Kudo, M. Hosobuchi, Shogo Kuretoko, Tateki Sumii, Tomoya Shimada, Marie Terada, K. Tanishita","doi":"10.1299/KIKAIB.77.2431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1299/KIKAIB.77.2431","url":null,"abstract":"A phenomenon has been observed in which intracellular Ca2+ concentration in endothelial cells increases upon application of shear stress (Ca2+ response). It is therefore assumed that Ca2+ is the second messenger in the transfer of shear stress stimulation into cells. The Ca2+ response is also known to spread to surrounding cells (Ca2+ wave). We investigated the effects on Ca2+ wave among cultured bovine aorta endothelial cells (BAECs) upon inhibiting the main intercellular signaling pathways, such as gap junction and paracrine pathways by inducing Ca2+ wave using D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, P4(5)-(1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl) ester trisodium salt (Caged IP3) due to an intracellular IP3 elevation. In addition, we investigated the Ca2+ wave among BAECs under shear stress loading. Using Caged IP3, local release of ATP from BAEC induced Ca2+ wave. The Ca2+ wave was inhibited by the inhibitors of paracrine pathways. Furthermore, the Ca2+ response spread in the direction of the downstream under shear flow. These results suggest that paracrine pathway is dominant in both of flow and no flow conditions.","PeriodicalId":331123,"journal":{"name":"Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers. B","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130271324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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