COVID-19 pandemic has immediate as well as long-term concerns for the regulators and the policy makers. Its impact on power system is reflected in general decline of energy sales and, a change in composition of energy sales and demand profile. Given the higher proportion of fixed cost component in costs as compared to the proportion of revenue from fixed charges in total revenue, a decline in energy sale, particularly those of subsidizing categories, would widen the revenue gap. The need for tariff revision and/or additional subsidy for the current and subsequent financial years is a cause for regulatory concern. Further, the pandemic's impact would be felt across the supply chain due to low PLF of high variable cost generators and decline in the sale of coal.
Reduction in renewable energy cost, even below that of conventional sources, needs to be reflected in floor price of solar/non-solar RECs, which has been proposed to be brought down to zero. Further, the uniform forbearance price at t 1 000/MWh provides the right framework to do away with prevailing segregation by merging solar and non-solar REC markets.
Increasing share of RE generation in RE rich states such as Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu is leading to regulatory proposals removing/diluting the available preferential benefits to RE based generation. Since such concerns are arising on account of variability and uncertainty associated with variable RE generation, changes in the regulatory framework are required to make them more accountable to grid through uniform applicability of deviation related charges, and by enabling creation of a market for storage services as it becomes more economical in future.
Real-time monitoring of solar rooftop installations is a key to ensure that distribution utilities do not lose the visibility of behind the meter solar generation. Large rooftop installations (say, above 50/100 kW) should have adequate capability to enable real-time monitoring at the cost of owners. A sample of smaller installations should also be monitored by the distribution utility by making adequate investment, which should be approved by the SERCs.
Regulatory lag in RE tariff determination inadequately reflects decline in RE cost. Dynamic linking of the regulated tariff to the one determined through competitive bidding can address this. Regulated tariff for small scale projects, which are not exposed to competitive bidding process, can also be linked with adequate margin to compensate for diseconomies of scale. As an alternative, a competitive market for small scale projects can be developed by bundling a large number of identified projects.
{"title":"Regulatory Insights - CER Newsletter - Volume 02 Issue 04","authors":"Anoop Singh","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3644783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3644783","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic has immediate as well as long-term concerns for the regulators and the policy makers. Its impact on power system is reflected in general decline of energy sales and, a change in composition of energy sales and demand profile. Given the higher proportion of fixed cost component in costs as compared to the proportion of revenue from fixed charges in total revenue, a decline in energy sale, particularly those of subsidizing categories, would widen the revenue gap. <br>The need for tariff revision and/or additional subsidy for the current and subsequent financial years is a cause for regulatory concern. Further, the pandemic's impact would be felt across the supply chain due to low PLF of high variable cost generators and decline in the sale of coal. <br><br>Reduction in renewable energy cost, even below that of conventional sources, needs to be reflected in floor price of solar/non-solar RECs, which has been proposed to be brought down to zero. Further, the uniform forbearance price at t 1 000/MWh provides the right framework to do away with prevailing segregation by merging solar and non-solar REC markets. <br><br>Increasing share of RE generation in RE rich states such as Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu is leading to regulatory proposals removing/diluting the available preferential benefits to RE based generation. Since such concerns are arising on account of variability and uncertainty associated with variable RE generation, changes in the regulatory framework are required to make them more accountable to grid through uniform applicability of deviation related charges, and by enabling creation of a market for storage services as it becomes more economical in future. <br><br>Real-time monitoring of solar rooftop installations is a key to ensure that distribution utilities do not lose the visibility of behind the meter solar generation. Large rooftop installations (say, above 50/100 kW) should have adequate capability to enable real-time monitoring at the cost of owners. A sample of smaller installations should also be monitored by the distribution utility by making adequate investment, which should be approved by the SERCs. <br><br>Regulatory lag in RE tariff determination inadequately reflects decline in RE cost. Dynamic linking of the regulated tariff to the one determined through competitive bidding can address this. Regulated tariff for small scale projects, which are not exposed to competitive bidding process, can also be linked with adequate margin to compensate for diseconomies of scale. As an alternative, a competitive market for small scale projects can be developed by bundling a large number of identified projects.","PeriodicalId":332912,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Power Engineering (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131277883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Hopefully, if rest of things work as expected, the adequate supply of electricity, as one of the major industrial energy inputs, plays vital role in determining the industrial production, at large. In this paper, the present researchers assumed that the present state of scarcity of electricity may reveal their higher level of willingness to pay for higher energy efficient ratio as a pay-off of their improved industrial productivity. It is a proven fact that as one of the dominant indicators of national economic development and prosperity, effective electricity management procedures for industry increases significantly the productivity and operational efficiency.
Objectives: The present paper attempts to explore the willingness of industrialists to pay more for adequate electricity supply for the industrial purpose in the present context of Nepal.
Methods: Extensive desk review was carried out with a directed intention to develop insights on effective management of energy supply-related activities in industrial sector by analyzing the advances and trends as well as synergies in different intervention areas.
Findings: A large number of academic and professional research works are carried out by different researchers on electricity management, with focus on identification of energy management models, corresponding to the industrial sector that shows individual attributes, social contexts, as well as participation and knowledge, which can have cumulative effect on WTP. WTP for adequate electricity is one of the key measures for sustainable economic growth for reliable and sensible management of fore-casted energy demand.
Conclusions: In spite of plethora of literature on electricity management and WTP, the solutions presented by different researchers are limited in scope. Still many researchers are working on tool contributions, but most of them are only providing solutions for specific regions and communities. There is a need to develop a generic electricity management system with tracing the industrialists’ willingness to pay for adequate electricity supply in a customized manner as a generic solution. The present researcher is hopeful that this work accomplishes this need.
Implications: Required strict policy regulations at governing level and effective programming at implementation at industry level.
{"title":"Industry Willingness to Pay for Adequate Electricity Supply: A Discourse on Sustainable Industrial Development","authors":"Anish B.K., Niranjan Devkota, Nabaraj Gautam, Niraj Paija","doi":"10.3126/qjmss.v1i2.27443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/qjmss.v1i2.27443","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hopefully, if rest of things work as expected, the adequate supply of electricity, as one of the major industrial energy inputs, plays vital role in determining the industrial production, at large. In this paper, the present researchers assumed that the present state of scarcity of electricity may reveal their higher level of willingness to pay for higher energy efficient ratio as a pay-off of their improved industrial productivity. It is a proven fact that as one of the dominant indicators of national economic development and prosperity, effective electricity management procedures for industry increases significantly the productivity and operational efficiency.<br><br>Objectives: The present paper attempts to explore the willingness of industrialists to pay more for adequate electricity supply for the industrial purpose in the present context of Nepal.<br><br>Methods: Extensive desk review was carried out with a directed intention to develop insights on effective management of energy supply-related activities in industrial sector by analyzing the advances and trends as well as synergies in different intervention areas.<br><br>Findings: A large number of academic and professional research works are carried out by different researchers on electricity management, with focus on identification of energy management models, corresponding to the industrial sector that shows individual attributes, social contexts, as well as participation and knowledge, which can have cumulative effect on WTP. WTP for adequate electricity is one of the key measures for sustainable economic growth for reliable and sensible management of fore-casted energy demand.<br><br>Conclusions: In spite of plethora of literature on electricity management and WTP, the solutions presented by different researchers are limited in scope. Still many researchers are working on tool contributions, but most of them are only providing solutions for specific regions and communities. There is a need to develop a generic electricity management system with tracing the industrialists’ willingness to pay for adequate electricity supply in a customized manner as a generic solution. The present researcher is hopeful that this work accomplishes this need.<br><br>Implications: Required strict policy regulations at governing level and effective programming at implementation at industry level.","PeriodicalId":332912,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Power Engineering (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133576577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-30DOI: 10.34218/ijecet.10.6.2019.003
N. Ogbogu, A. Adeniyi D.
Due to increasing wind power generation in the electric power system, the reactive power generation by the wind farms is a major concern during both steady state and faulty conditions. This work, first, presents the reactive power capability (RPC) curve of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) considering three limitations (rotor voltage, rotor current and stator current) for reactive power production/consumption, for the complete operating range which is obtained by optimal rotor speed employing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. It is established that the total reactive power generation is limited by rotor voltage at low speeds and by rotor current at higher speed. However, the total reactive power consumption is limited by stator current, for entire operating region. Selection of partial rated converter rating is crucial in terms of cost, efficiency, operating speed range and reactive power capability. The effect of converters rating on the enhancement of RPC of doubly fed induction generation is analyzed. Complete capability curves of DFIG for different stator voltages are developed considering grid-side converter (GSC) contribution towards reactive power capability.
{"title":"Improving the Reactive Power Capability of Grid Connected Doubly Fed Induction Generator","authors":"N. Ogbogu, A. Adeniyi D.","doi":"10.34218/ijecet.10.6.2019.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijecet.10.6.2019.003","url":null,"abstract":"Due to increasing wind power generation in the electric power system, the reactive power generation by the wind farms is a major concern during both steady state and faulty conditions. This work, first, presents the reactive power capability (RPC) curve of doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) considering three limitations (rotor voltage, rotor current and stator current) for reactive power production/consumption, for the complete operating range which is obtained by optimal rotor speed employing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. It is established that the total reactive power generation is limited by rotor voltage at low speeds and by rotor current at higher speed. However, the total reactive power consumption is limited by stator current, for entire operating region. Selection of partial rated converter rating is crucial in terms of cost, efficiency, operating speed range and reactive power capability. The effect of converters rating on the enhancement of RPC of doubly fed induction generation is analyzed. Complete capability curves of DFIG for different stator voltages are developed considering grid-side converter (GSC) contribution towards reactive power capability.","PeriodicalId":332912,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Power Engineering (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128986944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guangzeng Yao, K. Peng, Xinhui Zhang, Yingqi Liu, Lin Xing
DC distribution system has become an important direction in improving the stability and reliability of the power system. Based on the research of the oscillation mechanism and frequency characteristics of DC voltage, a control method with variable droop coefficient is proposed to solve the voltage oscillation problem under droop control. The result of a differential operation on the voltage is used by the comparator and counter to compare with the threshold to judge whether the bus voltage oscillates or not. The oscillation frequency is calculated to change the droop coefficient adaptively based on the obtained analytical expression between the oscillation frequency and droop coefficient. The simulation model of the DC distribution system is built in Matlab/Simulink. The result verifies that the proposed method provides a new way in changing the droop coefficient adaptively to improve the voltage oscillation and enhance the system stability effectively.
{"title":"Adaptive Droop Coefficient of DC Distribution System Based on Voltage Oscillation Characteristic","authors":"Guangzeng Yao, K. Peng, Xinhui Zhang, Yingqi Liu, Lin Xing","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3874486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3874486","url":null,"abstract":"DC distribution system has become an important direction in improving the stability and reliability of the power system. Based on the research of the oscillation mechanism and frequency characteristics of DC voltage, a control method with variable droop coefficient is proposed to solve the voltage oscillation problem under droop control. The result of a differential operation on the voltage is used by the comparator and counter to compare with the threshold to judge whether the bus voltage oscillates or not. The oscillation frequency is calculated to change the droop coefficient adaptively based on the obtained analytical expression between the oscillation frequency and droop coefficient. The simulation model of the DC distribution system is built in Matlab/Simulink. The result verifies that the proposed method provides a new way in changing the droop coefficient adaptively to improve the voltage oscillation and enhance the system stability effectively.","PeriodicalId":332912,"journal":{"name":"EngRN: Power Engineering (Topic)","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116370580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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