Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between persistent serum lactate elevation and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with status epilepticus (SE). Methods: In this prospective analytical study, serum lactate levels were measured 24 hours after episodes of SE, and brain MRI was performed within 7 to 14 days after SE termination. MRI abnormalities were classified as acute encephalopathy (AE) grade I to III. The Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: The study included 42 participants with SE, of whom 85.70% were boys, with a mean age of 4.94 years. Viral encephalitis was the most common diagnosis, accounting for 47.60% of cases. Elevated serum lactate levels were detected in 71.40% of patients, and approximately 47.60% exhibited abnormal MRI findings consistent with AE grade I. The median serum lactate levels for AE grades I, II, and III were 1.50, 3.10, and 0.78 mmol/L, respectively. Two patients died, and 66.70% experienced neurologic sequelae. A significant correlation ( P =0.021) was observed between persistent serum lactate elevation and abnormal brain MRI findings. Conclusion: In children with SE, AE grade I was the most common neuroimaging pattern observed, and persistently elevated serum lactate level was correlated with abnormal brain MRI findings.
目的:探讨癫痫持续状态(SE)患儿持续血清乳酸水平升高与脑磁共振成像(MRI)的相关性。方法:在这项前瞻性分析研究中，在SE发作后24小时测量血清乳酸水平，并在SE终止后7至14天内进行脑MRI检查。MRI异常分级为急性脑病(AE) I ~ III级。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验进行统计分析。结果:共纳入42例SE患者，其中男孩占85.70%，平均年龄4.94岁。病毒性脑炎是最常见的诊断，占病例的47.60%。71.40%的患者血清乳酸水平升高，约47.60%的患者表现出与AE I级一致的异常MRI表现。AE I级、II级和III级的血清乳酸水平中位数分别为1.50、3.10和0.78 mmol/L。2例死亡，66.70%出现神经系统后遗症。血清乳酸持续升高与脑MRI异常有显著相关(P =0.021)。结论:在SE患儿中，AE I级是最常见的神经影像学表现，血清乳酸水平持续升高与脑MRI异常相关。
{"title":"Correlation between Persistent Serum Lactate Elevation and Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Abnormalities in Children with Status Epilepticus","authors":"P. Gunawan, Riza Noviandi, Sunny Mariana Samosir","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00206","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between persistent serum lactate elevation and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in children with status epilepticus (SE). Methods: In this prospective analytical study, serum lactate levels were measured 24 hours after episodes of SE, and brain MRI was performed within 7 to 14 days after SE termination. MRI abnormalities were classified as acute encephalopathy (AE) grade I to III. The Kruskal-Wallis test was utilized for statistical analysis. Results: The study included 42 participants with SE, of whom 85.70% were boys, with a mean age of 4.94 years. Viral encephalitis was the most common diagnosis, accounting for 47.60% of cases. Elevated serum lactate levels were detected in 71.40% of patients, and approximately 47.60% exhibited abnormal MRI findings consistent with AE grade I. The median serum lactate levels for AE grades I, II, and III were 1.50, 3.10, and 0.78 mmol/L, respectively. Two patients died, and 66.70% experienced neurologic sequelae. A significant correlation ( P =0.021) was observed between persistent serum lactate elevation and abnormal brain MRI findings. Conclusion: In children with SE, AE grade I was the most common neuroimaging pattern observed, and persistently elevated serum lactate level was correlated with abnormal brain MRI findings.","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents or caregivers of children suffering from migraines at a tertiary care center in North India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 parents or caregivers, using convenience sampling. A 20-item questionnaire was administered in English and also translated into the local language (Hindi). The study included children with migraines who visited the pediatric outpatient department within a 6-month period (December 2022 to May 2023). Results Over 60% of caregivers were aware of the chronic nature of the illness, its triggering factors, the role of family history, and the importance of lifestyle modifications. However, only 46% understood the pathophysiology of the illness, and 53% were aware of the medication used for childhood migraines. More than 85% of caregivers believed that recurrent headaches necessitate a doctor's consultation, may require regular visits for optimal treatment, and were willing to alter their child's lifestyle to prevent headaches. However, a significant percentage of caregivers (47%) practised self-medication for their children's headaches. Most caregivers believed that lifestyle modifications and avoiding triggers were the best treatments for migraines. There were significant associations (P<0.05) between the level of education and responses to questions related to migraine definition, prophylaxis, treatment, investigations, lifestyle modifications, and screen time. Conclusion Most participants were well-educated on migraine, and their KAP regarding migraine prevention and treatment were generally adequate. However, the practice of self-medication without professional guidance is a significant concern. Keywords: Migraine disorders; Cross-sectional studies; Caregivers; Health knowledge, attitudes, practice; Life style
{"title":"Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Parents/Caregivers Towards Migraine in Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study","authors":"Rahul Sinha, Ankit Kumar Meena, Maneesh Uniyal, Sonali Singh, Ashish Upadhyay","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00262","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of parents or caregivers of children suffering from migraines at a tertiary care center in North India. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 100 parents or caregivers, using convenience sampling. A 20-item questionnaire was administered in English and also translated into the local language (Hindi). The study included children with migraines who visited the pediatric outpatient department within a 6-month period (December 2022 to May 2023). Results Over 60% of caregivers were aware of the chronic nature of the illness, its triggering factors, the role of family history, and the importance of lifestyle modifications. However, only 46% understood the pathophysiology of the illness, and 53% were aware of the medication used for childhood migraines. More than 85% of caregivers believed that recurrent headaches necessitate a doctor's consultation, may require regular visits for optimal treatment, and were willing to alter their child's lifestyle to prevent headaches. However, a significant percentage of caregivers (47%) practised self-medication for their children's headaches. Most caregivers believed that lifestyle modifications and avoiding triggers were the best treatments for migraines. There were significant associations (P<0.05) between the level of education and responses to questions related to migraine definition, prophylaxis, treatment, investigations, lifestyle modifications, and screen time. Conclusion Most participants were well-educated on migraine, and their KAP regarding migraine prevention and treatment were generally adequate. However, the practice of self-medication without professional guidance is a significant concern. Keywords: Migraine disorders; Cross-sectional studies; Caregivers; Health knowledge, attitudes, practice; Life style","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135876281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a clinical syndrome that mimics brain tumors with increased intracranial pressure. The present study is designed to investigate the diagnostic criteria of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the severity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure to understand the relationship and frequency of these criteria with the level of CSF pressure. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on children diagnosed with IIH between the years 2011 and 2020, who were admitted to the pediatric neurology department of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Clinical manifestations and imaging findings of the patients were recorded through a checklist. Results Forty-nine patients were included in the study; 27 (55.1%) were male, and 22 (44.9%) were female. The average CSF pressure was 40.64±20.63 cmH2O. The mean diameter distension of the perioptic subarachnoid space was 6.02±1.21 mm. Six (10.8%) patients had unilateral transverse sinus stenosis with an average CSF pressure of 20.47±36.80 cmH2O and 11 (21.4%) patients had bilateral transverse sinus stenosis with an average pressure of 48.22±21.04 cmH2O. In 22 (44.89%) patients, flattening of the posterior globe with the CSF pressure of 48.80±17.94 cmH2O was reported. Twenty-four (49%) patients had optic nerve tortuosity, with an average CSF pressure of 46.52±20.33 cmH2O. Among the diagnostic criteria, the pressure had a significant relationship with the flattening of the posterior globe (P<0.022). Conclusion Since MRI is a non-invasive method for examining IIH, the findings of this study may aid in diagnosing and monitoring these patients. Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Cerebrospinal fluid; Pseudotumor cerebri; Pediatrics
{"title":"Correlation between Diagnostic Magnetic Resonance Imaging Criteria and Cerebrospinal Fluid Pressure in Pediatric Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension","authors":"Behnam Beizaei, Farrokh Seilanian Toosi, Yousef Shahmoradi, Javad Akhondian, Farah Ashrafzadeh, Mehran Beiraghi Toosi, Shima Imannezhad, Alireza Kooshki, Ehsan Hassan Nejad, Asma Payandeh, Nahid Tavakkolizadeh, AmirAli Moodi Ghalibaf, Narges Hashemi","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00241","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a clinical syndrome that mimics brain tumors with increased intracranial pressure. The present study is designed to investigate the diagnostic criteria of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the severity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure to understand the relationship and frequency of these criteria with the level of CSF pressure. Methods The present cross-sectional study was conducted on children diagnosed with IIH between the years 2011 and 2020, who were admitted to the pediatric neurology department of Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran. Clinical manifestations and imaging findings of the patients were recorded through a checklist. Results Forty-nine patients were included in the study; 27 (55.1%) were male, and 22 (44.9%) were female. The average CSF pressure was 40.64±20.63 cmH2O. The mean diameter distension of the perioptic subarachnoid space was 6.02±1.21 mm. Six (10.8%) patients had unilateral transverse sinus stenosis with an average CSF pressure of 20.47±36.80 cmH2O and 11 (21.4%) patients had bilateral transverse sinus stenosis with an average pressure of 48.22±21.04 cmH2O. In 22 (44.89%) patients, flattening of the posterior globe with the CSF pressure of 48.80±17.94 cmH2O was reported. Twenty-four (49%) patients had optic nerve tortuosity, with an average CSF pressure of 46.52±20.33 cmH2O. Among the diagnostic criteria, the pressure had a significant relationship with the flattening of the posterior globe (P<0.022). Conclusion Since MRI is a non-invasive method for examining IIH, the findings of this study may aid in diagnosing and monitoring these patients. Keywords: Magnetic resonance imaging; Cerebrospinal fluid; Pseudotumor cerebri; Pediatrics","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the utility of facial analysis technology for genetic diagnoses in a typical pediatric genetic clinic. Methods: A retrospective review identified children (aged <18 years) who had not previously received a definitive genetic diagnosis and underwent a comprehensive genetic evaluation. Their photographs and relevant clinical non-facial features were uploaded to the CLINIC application of the Face2Gene web interface, and the resulting analysis was accessed and correlated to the molecular diagnosis. Results: Of the 23 children included, the overall diagnostic yield in this study was 60.9% (14/23). In total, 64.3% of patients had the correct condition suggested in the top 10 differential diagnoses. The gestalt similarity was only 55.6%, but the phenotypic features added by the clinician showed a similarity of more than the medium level in all patients. Conclusion: Our data underscore the usefulness of facial analysis technology as an auxiliary point-of-care tool in pediatric genetic clinics, and we also present some considerations to increase accuracy.
{"title":"Lessons Learned from the Point-of-Care Use of a Facial Analysis Technology","authors":"Jon Soo Kim, Hansol Ko, Hyewon Woo, Won Seop Kim","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00227","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: We aimed to evaluate the utility of facial analysis technology for genetic diagnoses in a typical pediatric genetic clinic. Methods: A retrospective review identified children (aged <18 years) who had not previously received a definitive genetic diagnosis and underwent a comprehensive genetic evaluation. Their photographs and relevant clinical non-facial features were uploaded to the CLINIC application of the Face2Gene web interface, and the resulting analysis was accessed and correlated to the molecular diagnosis. Results: Of the 23 children included, the overall diagnostic yield in this study was 60.9% (14/23). In total, 64.3% of patients had the correct condition suggested in the top 10 differential diagnoses. The gestalt similarity was only 55.6%, but the phenotypic features added by the clinician showed a similarity of more than the medium level in all patients. Conclusion: Our data underscore the usefulness of facial analysis technology as an auxiliary point-of-care tool in pediatric genetic clinics, and we also present some considerations to increase accuracy.","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135273140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of epilepsy in cerebral palsy (CP) patients and identify risk factors for epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy.Methods: CP patients aged 18 years old or younger who visited the pediatric neurology department and/or rehabilitation department of a tertiary care hospital between January 2016 and December 2022 with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years were included. Demographic and clinical data, seizure characteristics, brain imaging, electroencephalography, and genetic evaluation results were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Among 268 patients included in this study, 36.9% had epilepsy and 10.8% had drug-resistant epilepsy. Asphyxia (29.3%), hemorrhage, infarction, and brain infection (25.3%) were associated with epilepsy. Epileptic CP patients were more likely to experience neonatal seizures (18.2% vs. 4.1%, P<0.001) and febrile seizures (12.1% vs. 7.1%, P=0.02) than non-epilepsy CP patients. The most common cerebral subtype in patients with epilepsy was spastic quadriplegia (59.6%). Epilepsy patients were more severely impaired in gross motor function, with worse intellectual disability. Patients with macrocephaly or cerebral malformation were more likely to have drug resistance. Valproate (51.7% and 25.7%) and levetiracetam (41.4% and 25.7%) were the two most commonly used antiseizure medications, both in monotherapy and polytherapy.Conclusion: A history of asphyxia, febrile seizure, neonatal seizure, spastic quadriplegia, more severely impaired gross motor function, and intellectual disability were found to be risk factors for epilepsy. Further research with prospective data collection to develop a model for predicting seizures or epilepsy in CP patients is needed.
目的:本研究旨在描述脑瘫(CP)患者的癫痫特征，并确定癫痫和耐药癫痫的危险因素。方法:纳入2016年1月至2022年12月期间在三级医院儿科神经科和/或康复科就诊的18岁及以下CP患者，随访时间至少为2年。回顾性回顾了人口学和临床资料、癫痫发作特征、脑成像、脑电图和遗传评估结果。结果:本组268例患者中，癫痫发生率为36.9%，耐药癫痫发生率为10.8%。窒息(29.3%)、出血、梗塞和脑感染(25.3%)与癫痫有关。癫痫性CP患者比非癫痫性CP患者更容易发生新生儿癫痫发作(18.2% vs. 4.1%， <i>P</i><0.001)和发热性癫痫发作(12.1% vs. 7.1%， <i>P</i>=0.02)。癫痫患者中最常见的脑亚型为痉挛性四肢瘫痪(59.6%)。癫痫患者的大运动功能受损更严重，智力残疾更严重。大头畸形或脑畸形患者更容易产生耐药。丙戊酸钠(51.7%和25.7%)和左乙拉西坦(41.4%和25.7%)是单药和多药治疗中最常用的两种抗癫痫药物。结论:窒息史、热性惊厥史、新生儿惊厥史、痉挛性四肢瘫痪史、较严重的大运动功能障碍史和智力残疾史是癫痫的危险因素。需要进一步研究前瞻性数据收集，以建立预测CP患者癫痫发作或癫痫的模型。
{"title":"Characteristics of Epilepsy in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Single Tertiary Center Study","authors":"Hyein Yeo, Ji Yoon Han, Jee Min Kim","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00220","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00220","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of epilepsy in cerebral palsy (CP) patients and identify risk factors for epilepsy and drug-resistant epilepsy.Methods: CP patients aged 18 years old or younger who visited the pediatric neurology department and/or rehabilitation department of a tertiary care hospital between January 2016 and December 2022 with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years were included. Demographic and clinical data, seizure characteristics, brain imaging, electroencephalography, and genetic evaluation results were reviewed retrospectively.Results: Among 268 patients included in this study, 36.9% had epilepsy and 10.8% had drug-resistant epilepsy. Asphyxia (29.3%), hemorrhage, infarction, and brain infection (25.3%) were associated with epilepsy. Epileptic CP patients were more likely to experience neonatal seizures (18.2% vs. 4.1%, <i>P</i><0.001) and febrile seizures (12.1% vs. 7.1%, <i>P</i>=0.02) than non-epilepsy CP patients. The most common cerebral subtype in patients with epilepsy was spastic quadriplegia (59.6%). Epilepsy patients were more severely impaired in gross motor function, with worse intellectual disability. Patients with macrocephaly or cerebral malformation were more likely to have drug resistance. Valproate (51.7% and 25.7%) and levetiracetam (41.4% and 25.7%) were the two most commonly used antiseizure medications, both in monotherapy and polytherapy.Conclusion: A history of asphyxia, febrile seizure, neonatal seizure, spastic quadriplegia, more severely impaired gross motor function, and intellectual disability were found to be risk factors for epilepsy. Further research with prospective data collection to develop a model for predicting seizures or epilepsy in CP patients is needed.","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135274308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Biotinidase deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with a global incidence of 1 in 60,000 births. The clinical manifestations of biotinidase deficiency are varied, impacting the neurological, dermatological, respiratory, and immune systems. Patients with this deficiency may exhibit neurological symptoms such as seizures, hypotonia, sensorineural hearing loss
{"title":"Profound Biotinidase Deficiency: A Rare but Treatable Inborn Error of Metabolism in a Neonate with Recurrent Seizures","authors":"Ye-Na Kim, Mi-Sun Yum, Min-Jee Kim, Tae-Sung Ko","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00192","url":null,"abstract":"Biotinidase deficiency is a rare, autosomal recessive metabolic disorder with a global incidence of 1 in 60,000 births. The clinical manifestations of biotinidase deficiency are varied, impacting the neurological, dermatological, respiratory, and immune systems. Patients with this deficiency may exhibit neurological symptoms such as seizures, hypotonia, sensorineural hearing loss","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135203551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a multi-system disorder mostly caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA [1]. The pathogenic variant m.3243A>G accounts for more than 80% of cases of MELAS syndrome. The clinical manifestations of MELAS are highly diverse and include seizures, dementia, stroke-like episodes, migraines, depression, sensorineural hearing loss, muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy
{"title":"Efficacy of High-Dose Steroid Therapy on Bilateral Total Visual Loss in a Patient with Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-Like Episodes (MELAS)","authors":"Seok-Jin Lee, Ji-Hoon Na, Young-Mock Lee","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00213","url":null,"abstract":"Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) is a multi-system disorder mostly caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA [1]. The pathogenic variant m.3243A>G accounts for more than 80% of cases of MELAS syndrome. The clinical manifestations of MELAS are highly diverse and include seizures, dementia, stroke-like episodes, migraines, depression, sensorineural hearing loss, muscle weakness, cardiomyopathy","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135938657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pediatric cerebral and cerebellar infarctions are relatively rare, occurring at a rate of 1.6 per 100,000 annually [1,2]. The risk factors for pediatric stroke differ significantly from those in adults
{"title":"A Case of Cerebellar Infarction While Swimming in a Child Diagnosed by Ataxia and Gait Disturbance","authors":"Young Eun Kim, Sungwon Byun","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00185","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric cerebral and cerebellar infarctions are relatively rare, occurring at a rate of 1.6 per 100,000 annually [1,2]. The risk factors for pediatric stroke differ significantly from those in adults","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49327034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological health problem that affects children around the world and warrants particular attention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize brain disorders, as it provides a clear view of the brain’s anatomy, including the location of any damage or structural abnormalities. The objective of this study was to obtain a detailed MRI representation of patients with CP. Methods: This study employed a retrospective design involving the examination of medical records. It included CP patients aged between 1 and 16 years who had undergone brain MRI examinations. The Gross Motor Function Classification System scale was used to classify limitations in functional motor ability among these patients. The brain MRI results were categorized as either normal or abnormal. Results: Of 60 CP cases, 50% were classified as severe, with the remaining cases considered mild to moderate. Epilepsy was present in 66.7% of patients with severe CP. The most common type of CP, among both mild-to-moderate and severe cases, was quadriplegia. Gray matter lesions on brain MRI were more common in severe than mild-to-moderate cases, while vascular insult lesions and brain malformations were less frequent. A significant difference was observed in the severity of CP when a gray matter lesion was present on MRI. Conclusion: Most children with CP exhibited abnormal results on brain MRI. Lesions of the white and gray matter were the most frequently observed. MRI plays a crucial role in understanding the underlying pathological brain abnormalities in CP.
{"title":"Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Indonesian Patients with Cerebral Palsy","authors":"P. Gunawan, R. Noviandi, Sunny Mariana Samosir","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00171","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological health problem that affects children around the world and warrants particular attention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to visualize brain disorders, as it provides a clear view of the brain’s anatomy, including the location of any damage or structural abnormalities. The objective of this study was to obtain a detailed MRI representation of patients with CP. Methods: This study employed a retrospective design involving the examination of medical records. It included CP patients aged between 1 and 16 years who had undergone brain MRI examinations. The Gross Motor Function Classification System scale was used to classify limitations in functional motor ability among these patients. The brain MRI results were categorized as either normal or abnormal. Results: Of 60 CP cases, 50% were classified as severe, with the remaining cases considered mild to moderate. Epilepsy was present in 66.7% of patients with severe CP. The most common type of CP, among both mild-to-moderate and severe cases, was quadriplegia. Gray matter lesions on brain MRI were more common in severe than mild-to-moderate cases, while vascular insult lesions and brain malformations were less frequent. A significant difference was observed in the severity of CP when a gray matter lesion was present on MRI. Conclusion: Most children with CP exhibited abnormal results on brain MRI. Lesions of the white and gray matter were the most frequently observed. MRI plays a crucial role in understanding the underlying pathological brain abnormalities in CP.","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41281542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Celebrating the 30th Anniversary of the Korean Society for Child Neurology","authors":"Y. Kwon","doi":"10.26815/acn.2023.00255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.26815/acn.2023.00255","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":33305,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Child Neurology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46462471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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