Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085554
A. Boehm, I. Hahn
As a new possibility of producing the electrical steel sheets of electrical motors, a motor sample was produced using just machining processes such as turning, drilling, milling and sawing. Therefore several strategies in the production flow were considered and tested. The idea behind this method of producing a motor is to avoid the expensive cutting processes and material deterioration. On the one hand punching, as the most common cutting method of electrical steel sheet, is only cheap for useful for high volume and not for samples or small series, on the other hand laser cutting, which is suitable for single production of motors, requires expensive tools. Moreover punching and laser cutting deteriorate the electrical steel sheets close to the cutting edges. Since machining processes can be adjusted in speed and cooled with a fluid, a less distinctive effect can be assumed.
{"title":"A new approach in the production of electrical motors using only machining processes","authors":"A. Boehm, I. Hahn","doi":"10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085554","url":null,"abstract":"As a new possibility of producing the electrical steel sheets of electrical motors, a motor sample was produced using just machining processes such as turning, drilling, milling and sawing. Therefore several strategies in the production flow were considered and tested. The idea behind this method of producing a motor is to avoid the expensive cutting processes and material deterioration. On the one hand punching, as the most common cutting method of electrical steel sheet, is only cheap for useful for high volume and not for samples or small series, on the other hand laser cutting, which is suitable for single production of motors, requires expensive tools. Moreover punching and laser cutting deteriorate the electrical steel sheets close to the cutting edges. Since machining processes can be adjusted in speed and cooled with a fluid, a less distinctive effect can be assumed.","PeriodicalId":333533,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Electric Drives Production Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123061260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085566
M. von Zimmermann, A. Kuskov, B. Piepenbreier
Employing only a small capacitance in the DC-link of an adjustable speed drive (ASD) enables the replacement of electrolytic capacitors with film capacitors. Unfortunately, in combination with a diode bridge rectifier the DC-link voltage exhibits a significant six-pulse ripple. By measuring the DC-link voltage and providing the load side control with its value as widely done, this ripple can be compensated. In the following, a method is presented calculating the varying DC-link voltage by referring exclusively to the transfer function of the rectifier. This way, the DC-link voltage sensor can be omitted. Additionally, a partially damped mains filter is implemented to reduce line current oscillations. Experimental results verify the suitability of both the filter design and the model-based control.
{"title":"Model-based voltage calculation for inverters with small DC-Link capacitance","authors":"M. von Zimmermann, A. Kuskov, B. Piepenbreier","doi":"10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085566","url":null,"abstract":"Employing only a small capacitance in the DC-link of an adjustable speed drive (ASD) enables the replacement of electrolytic capacitors with film capacitors. Unfortunately, in combination with a diode bridge rectifier the DC-link voltage exhibits a significant six-pulse ripple. By measuring the DC-link voltage and providing the load side control with its value as widely done, this ripple can be compensated. In the following, a method is presented calculating the varying DC-link voltage by referring exclusively to the transfer function of the rectifier. This way, the DC-link voltage sensor can be omitted. Additionally, a partially damped mains filter is implemented to reduce line current oscillations. Experimental results verify the suitability of both the filter design and the model-based control.","PeriodicalId":333533,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Electric Drives Production Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127559454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085533
J. Igelspacher, Sonja Fluegel, H. Herzog
This paper presents an analytical method for describing a stack of two partial machines built out of single-stator axial-flux induction machines with squirrel cage. First, the principal design possibilities for axial-flux induction machines are discussed. Afterwards, the variations when arranging them in a stack by reducing the rotor yoke are explained and the consequence for the magnetic fluxes are shown. As a next step, the system equations are deduced from the current sheet theory, where the current sheets and the magnetic flux densities of all partial machines are calculated, depending on the amount of the rotor yoke reduction. Also the equations of the self and mutual-inductances are presented. At last, the influence on the operating behavior is described and shown by some simulations results.
{"title":"Analytic examination of coupled axial-flux induction machines with reduced yoke","authors":"J. Igelspacher, Sonja Fluegel, H. Herzog","doi":"10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085533","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085533","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an analytical method for describing a stack of two partial machines built out of single-stator axial-flux induction machines with squirrel cage. First, the principal design possibilities for axial-flux induction machines are discussed. Afterwards, the variations when arranging them in a stack by reducing the rotor yoke are explained and the consequence for the magnetic fluxes are shown. As a next step, the system equations are deduced from the current sheet theory, where the current sheets and the magnetic flux densities of all partial machines are calculated, depending on the amount of the rotor yoke reduction. Also the equations of the self and mutual-inductances are presented. At last, the influence on the operating behavior is described and shown by some simulations results.","PeriodicalId":333533,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Electric Drives Production Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116360448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085546
J. Krotsch, Thomas Ley, B. Piepenbreier
This work relates to external rotor type permanent magnet synchronous machines having surface mounted permanent magnets and two-layer non-overlapping windings. A short review of approaches to reduce fluctuation of forces presented in literature is given. As the reduction is associated in most cases with a negative influence on other important design goals, multi-objective optimizations are applied in conjunction with the finite element analysis yielding PARETO-optimal solutions with different preferences. PARETO-optimal solutions regarding the permanent magnet magnetization distribution and the current profiles minimizing the torque fluctuation of a 12-slot 8-pole machine and the higher frequency radial force harmonics in a 12-slot 10-pole machine are presented and discussed. A discrete PARETO-optimal magnetization distribution has been identified which promises a higher fundamental PM flux linkage amplitude compared to radial magnetization, but at a significantly lower cogging torque and torque ripple utilizing the balancing of open circuit voltage harmonics. Furthermore, it is shown that individual current harmonics affect individual radial force harmonics dominantly. A test setup is proposed and the numerically obtained instantaneous torque and the influence of current harmonics on the radial force amplitudes are verified with good agreement.
{"title":"Reduction of torque and radial force fluctuation in permanent magnet synchronous motors by means of multi-objective optimization","authors":"J. Krotsch, Thomas Ley, B. Piepenbreier","doi":"10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085546","url":null,"abstract":"This work relates to external rotor type permanent magnet synchronous machines having surface mounted permanent magnets and two-layer non-overlapping windings. A short review of approaches to reduce fluctuation of forces presented in literature is given. As the reduction is associated in most cases with a negative influence on other important design goals, multi-objective optimizations are applied in conjunction with the finite element analysis yielding PARETO-optimal solutions with different preferences. PARETO-optimal solutions regarding the permanent magnet magnetization distribution and the current profiles minimizing the torque fluctuation of a 12-slot 8-pole machine and the higher frequency radial force harmonics in a 12-slot 10-pole machine are presented and discussed. A discrete PARETO-optimal magnetization distribution has been identified which promises a higher fundamental PM flux linkage amplitude compared to radial magnetization, but at a significantly lower cogging torque and torque ripple utilizing the balancing of open circuit voltage harmonics. Furthermore, it is shown that individual current harmonics affect individual radial force harmonics dominantly. A test setup is proposed and the numerically obtained instantaneous torque and the influence of current harmonics on the radial force amplitudes are verified with good agreement.","PeriodicalId":333533,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Electric Drives Production Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121529186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-11-21DOI: 10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085552
R. Ramsayer, S. Engler, G. Schmitz
Laser welding of highly conductive materials like copper is a difficult proposition, but offers a useful non-contact joining method, well geared for automation. Copper's high reflectivity at the 1 µm wavelengths has always been the barrier in the past to implement laser welding. Frequency doubled green lasers can remove this barrier and has a high potential to revolutionize the laser welding of copper materials in high volumes and for future applications. In this paper, we present new results for welding copper and copper alloys with a novel brilliant laser, emitting in the green wavelength region (up to 325 W@515 nm, 2 mm mrad). The results are compared with a state-of-the-art solid state laser, emitting in the infrared wavelength region (up to 1000 W@1030 nm, 2 mm mrad). Fundamental investigations on the absorption and energy coupling properties in the different phases of the process (heating up, heat conduction welding, deep penetration welding) were performed to learn more about process stability and process reproducibility of the welding process at copper alloys. Significant increase in process reproducibility can be demonstrated by using a green laser.
激光焊接高导电材料，如铜是一个困难的命题，但提供了一种有用的非接触连接方法，很好地适应自动化。铜在1 μ m波长处的高反射率一直是过去实施激光焊接的障碍。频率加倍的绿色激光器可以消除这一障碍，并且具有很大的潜力，可以在大批量和未来应用中彻底改变铜材料的激光焊接。在本文中，我们提出了用一种新型的明亮激光器焊接铜和铜合金的新结果，该激光器在绿色波长区域(高达325 W@515 nm, 2 mm mrad)发射。结果与最先进的固体激光器进行了比较，在红外波长区域发射(高达1000 W@1030 nm, 2 mm mrad)。为了进一步了解铜合金焊接过程的工艺稳定性和工艺可重复性，对铜合金在加热、导热、深熔等不同焊接阶段的吸收和能量耦合特性进行了基础研究。通过使用绿色激光，可以证明工艺再现性的显著增加。
{"title":"New approaches for highly productive laser welding of copper materials","authors":"R. Ramsayer, S. Engler, G. Schmitz","doi":"10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/EDPC.2011.6085552","url":null,"abstract":"Laser welding of highly conductive materials like copper is a difficult proposition, but offers a useful non-contact joining method, well geared for automation. Copper's high reflectivity at the 1 µm wavelengths has always been the barrier in the past to implement laser welding. Frequency doubled green lasers can remove this barrier and has a high potential to revolutionize the laser welding of copper materials in high volumes and for future applications. In this paper, we present new results for welding copper and copper alloys with a novel brilliant laser, emitting in the green wavelength region (up to 325 W@515 nm, 2 mm mrad). The results are compared with a state-of-the-art solid state laser, emitting in the infrared wavelength region (up to 1000 W@1030 nm, 2 mm mrad). Fundamental investigations on the absorption and energy coupling properties in the different phases of the process (heating up, heat conduction welding, deep penetration welding) were performed to learn more about process stability and process reproducibility of the welding process at copper alloys. Significant increase in process reproducibility can be demonstrated by using a green laser.","PeriodicalId":333533,"journal":{"name":"2011 1st International Electric Drives Production Conference","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114922647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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