This paper implements an adaptive identification of autoregressive AR model coefficients for model-based filtering over time-varying communication channels. The presented approach does not require a-priori knowledge of the dynamics of the system which overcomes the issue of determining model coefficients that capture the dynamics of unknown time-varying channels. Simulation MSE performance analysis in a multiuser environment shows superior experimental performance of the AR(2) model-based adaptive algorithm with adaptive model identification, comparing to the AR(1) model-based adaptive algorithm with adaptive model identification, the same algorithm with fixed model coefficients and standard observation-only-based LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms.
{"title":"Adaptive AR Channel Model Identification of Time-Varying Communication Systems","authors":"Z. Krusevac, P. Rapajic","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.121","url":null,"abstract":"This paper implements an adaptive identification of autoregressive AR model coefficients for model-based filtering over time-varying communication channels. The presented approach does not require a-priori knowledge of the dynamics of the system which overcomes the issue of determining model coefficients that capture the dynamics of unknown time-varying channels. Simulation MSE performance analysis in a multiuser environment shows superior experimental performance of the AR(2) model-based adaptive algorithm with adaptive model identification, comparing to the AR(1) model-based adaptive algorithm with adaptive model identification, the same algorithm with fixed model coefficients and standard observation-only-based LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131814243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hyun Yang, U. Her, Kwang-Soo Jeong, J. Yi, Hyoung-Kyu Song, Y. You
Residual carrier frequency offset (CFO) is one of the most important problems in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, which seriously degrades the performance of the systems due to its time-variant behavior. In this paper, the performance of a pilot-assisted fine CFO estimator in OFDM-based mobile WiMAX systems is analyzed. Analytical closed-form expression of the mean square error (MSE) of the post-FFT based CFO synchronization scheme is reported for time-variant fading channels. Taking into account the frame structure of the IEEE802.16e standard, we verify our analysis in this paper.
{"title":"Error Performance of Fine Frequency Synchronization Scheme in Mobile WiMAX Systems","authors":"Hyun Yang, U. Her, Kwang-Soo Jeong, J. Yi, Hyoung-Kyu Song, Y. You","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.27","url":null,"abstract":"Residual carrier frequency offset (CFO) is one of the most important problems in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, which seriously degrades the performance of the systems due to its time-variant behavior. In this paper, the performance of a pilot-assisted fine CFO estimator in OFDM-based mobile WiMAX systems is analyzed. Analytical closed-form expression of the mean square error (MSE) of the post-FFT based CFO synchronization scheme is reported for time-variant fading channels. Taking into account the frame structure of the IEEE802.16e standard, we verify our analysis in this paper.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129390554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A Gaussian pulse has intersymbol-interference, which degrades signal to interference ratio (SIR). In asynchronous CDMA system, however, Markov codes with negative correlation recover the SIR of Gaussian pulses. The improvement over i.i.d. codes is 2.3 dB and Gaussian pulse achieves almost same SIR and bandwidth as a root raised cosine (RRC) pulse. The filter length of Gaussian pulse is only a quarter of the RRC one.
{"title":"Markov Codes Make Gaussian Pulse Superior to a Raised Cosine Pulse","authors":"Y. Jitsumatsu, T. Kohda","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.142","url":null,"abstract":"A Gaussian pulse has intersymbol-interference, which degrades signal to interference ratio (SIR). In asynchronous CDMA system, however, Markov codes with negative correlation recover the SIR of Gaussian pulses. The improvement over i.i.d. codes is 2.3 dB and Gaussian pulse achieves almost same SIR and bandwidth as a root raised cosine (RRC) pulse. The filter length of Gaussian pulse is only a quarter of the RRC one.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133603910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we describe two complementary link adaptation strategies for OFDM-based multi-user systems, which have found their way into a proposal for a 4G wireless communication system. The first link adaptation scheme makes use of frequency diversity and spreads the transmit signal over the whole system bandwidth, while the other strategy concentrates its transmission in selected subbands. Although based on distinct philosophies, both strategies are well justified in wireless systems with a great variety of deployment conditions and user mobility. The results obtained in this paper show that frequency-adaptive transmission is particularly effective when both subcarrier allocation and adaptive coding and modulation are used.
{"title":"Rate Adaptation Strategies for OFDMA","authors":"S. Pfletschinger, C. Ibars","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.111","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we describe two complementary link adaptation strategies for OFDM-based multi-user systems, which have found their way into a proposal for a 4G wireless communication system. The first link adaptation scheme makes use of frequency diversity and spreads the transmit signal over the whole system bandwidth, while the other strategy concentrates its transmission in selected subbands. Although based on distinct philosophies, both strategies are well justified in wireless systems with a great variety of deployment conditions and user mobility. The results obtained in this paper show that frequency-adaptive transmission is particularly effective when both subcarrier allocation and adaptive coding and modulation are used.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131305478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we propose an analytical framework for computing detection (Pd) and false alarm (Pfa) probabilities for impulse radio ultra wide band (IR-UWB) transmitted- reference (TR) receivers in a quite general scenario, which includes generalized multipath fading channels and narrowband interference as well. The proposed framework is intended to overcome the limitations of current frameworks developed to analyze timing acquisition performance of IR-UWB TR receivers, which either resort to central limit theorem (CLT) arguments and to semi-analytical approaches for performance analysis over multipath fading channels or do not consider narrow-band interference in the reference scenario. In this contribution, we exploit some properties of "quadratic-form" receivers, and the Gil-Pelaez inversion theorem to develop simple formulas for computing the average Pd and Pfa probabilities, thus providing final expressions that take on the form of a single finite-limit integral, which can be easily integrated using standard techniques. We show that the proposed framework is exact for performance analysis of TR schemes over generalized fading channels, while it provides a very tight approximation for performance analysis in faded scenarios further impaired by narrow-band interference. Numerical and simulation results are also provided to substantiate the accuracy of the developed framework.
{"title":"A Framework for Computing Detection and False Alarm Probabilities for IR-UWB Transmitted Reference Receivers over Generalized Fading Channels with Tone Interference","authors":"M. D. Renzo, F. Graziosi, F. Santucci","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.60","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.60","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose an analytical framework for computing detection (Pd) and false alarm (Pfa) probabilities for impulse radio ultra wide band (IR-UWB) transmitted- reference (TR) receivers in a quite general scenario, which includes generalized multipath fading channels and narrowband interference as well. The proposed framework is intended to overcome the limitations of current frameworks developed to analyze timing acquisition performance of IR-UWB TR receivers, which either resort to central limit theorem (CLT) arguments and to semi-analytical approaches for performance analysis over multipath fading channels or do not consider narrow-band interference in the reference scenario. In this contribution, we exploit some properties of \"quadratic-form\" receivers, and the Gil-Pelaez inversion theorem to develop simple formulas for computing the average Pd and Pfa probabilities, thus providing final expressions that take on the form of a single finite-limit integral, which can be easily integrated using standard techniques. We show that the proposed framework is exact for performance analysis of TR schemes over generalized fading channels, while it provides a very tight approximation for performance analysis in faded scenarios further impaired by narrow-band interference. Numerical and simulation results are also provided to substantiate the accuracy of the developed framework.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114773493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The optimization between the processing gain and the theoretically achievable average channel capacity (in the sense of information theory) per user of a constant total system's allocated bandwidth, hybrid direct-sequence/fast frequency hopping code-division multiple-access (DS/FFH-CDMA) cellular system operating in a Rayleigh fading environment, is presented. Then, the spectral efficiency is estimated in terms of the achievable average channel capacity per user, during the operation over a broadcast cellular time-varying link, and leads to a simple novel-closed form expression for the optimal processing gain value based on the maximization of the achieved spectral efficiency. Numerical results are presented to illustrate and prove the validity of the presented work.
{"title":"Optimizing Processing Gain of a Cellular DS/FFH-CDMA Rayleigh Fading System","authors":"P. Varzakas","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.103","url":null,"abstract":"The optimization between the processing gain and the theoretically achievable average channel capacity (in the sense of information theory) per user of a constant total system's allocated bandwidth, hybrid direct-sequence/fast frequency hopping code-division multiple-access (DS/FFH-CDMA) cellular system operating in a Rayleigh fading environment, is presented. Then, the spectral efficiency is estimated in terms of the achievable average channel capacity per user, during the operation over a broadcast cellular time-varying link, and leads to a simple novel-closed form expression for the optimal processing gain value based on the maximization of the achieved spectral efficiency. Numerical results are presented to illustrate and prove the validity of the presented work.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114869433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
4G systems like LTE (Long Term Evolution) provide an uplink data rate up to 80 Mbps, utilize higher order modulation (64-QAM) and introduce space division multiple access (SDMA) to improve spectral efficiency. These features pose stringent frequency and time synchronization requirements for the modem to guarantee satisfactory performance. This paper presents a simple yet robust scheme to estimate the frequency offset on a per user-basis at the eNodeB. The algorithm proposed utilizes a non-coherent method to provide frequency error estimation, hence decoupled from the channel estimator. This estimation can be used by the eNodeB in a "open loop" fashion to correct the user's local oscillator frequency via downlink (DL) timing adjustment messages or in a "closed loop" scheme such as frequency tracking loop (FTL) to iteratively reduce the measurement error fluctuations. The performance of the proposed estimator have been investigated in open loop configuration through simulations and found within 5% of Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) in AWGN channel. For closed loop operation mode, the presented FTL exploits multipath diversity in time and space to mitigate the effects of fading, thus showing less than 0.3 dB of performance gap with respect to perfect frequency correction in TU-30 kmh channel. Analysis is presented for both open loop and closed loop to provide further insights in the algorithm and to allow parameter optimization study, thus facilitating the design process.
{"title":"A Robust Frequency Tracking Loop at the eNodeB for LTE Uplink","authors":"R. Rimini, J. Ma","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.25","url":null,"abstract":"4G systems like LTE (Long Term Evolution) provide an uplink data rate up to 80 Mbps, utilize higher order modulation (64-QAM) and introduce space division multiple access (SDMA) to improve spectral efficiency. These features pose stringent frequency and time synchronization requirements for the modem to guarantee satisfactory performance. This paper presents a simple yet robust scheme to estimate the frequency offset on a per user-basis at the eNodeB. The algorithm proposed utilizes a non-coherent method to provide frequency error estimation, hence decoupled from the channel estimator. This estimation can be used by the eNodeB in a \"open loop\" fashion to correct the user's local oscillator frequency via downlink (DL) timing adjustment messages or in a \"closed loop\" scheme such as frequency tracking loop (FTL) to iteratively reduce the measurement error fluctuations. The performance of the proposed estimator have been investigated in open loop configuration through simulations and found within 5% of Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) in AWGN channel. For closed loop operation mode, the presented FTL exploits multipath diversity in time and space to mitigate the effects of fading, thus showing less than 0.3 dB of performance gap with respect to perfect frequency correction in TU-30 kmh channel. Analysis is presented for both open loop and closed loop to provide further insights in the algorithm and to allow parameter optimization study, thus facilitating the design process.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115040909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Angélico, P.M.S. Burt, Paul Jean Etienne Jeszensky, W. Hodgkiss, Taufik Abrão
In this paper a baseband multiple-input single-output (MISO) time reversal ultra-wideband system (TR-UWB) incorporating a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is evaluated over the scenarios CM1 and CM3 of the IEEE 802.15.3a channel model. A semi-analytical performance based on a Gaussian approximation is derived and compared with simulation results. The results show that such approach represents a good approximation for the bit error rate (BER) analysis, and that the DFE, as well as an increase in the number of transmit antennas, improve the system performance.
{"title":"Improvement of MISO Single-User Time Reversal Ultra-Wideband Using a DFE Channel Equalizer","authors":"B. Angélico, P.M.S. Burt, Paul Jean Etienne Jeszensky, W. Hodgkiss, Taufik Abrão","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.118","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper a baseband multiple-input single-output (MISO) time reversal ultra-wideband system (TR-UWB) incorporating a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) is evaluated over the scenarios CM1 and CM3 of the IEEE 802.15.3a channel model. A semi-analytical performance based on a Gaussian approximation is derived and compared with simulation results. The results show that such approach represents a good approximation for the bit error rate (BER) analysis, and that the DFE, as well as an increase in the number of transmit antennas, improve the system performance.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117042293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In a digital matched filter (DMF) the degradation of signal quality depends on the pre-sampling filter bandwidth and on the number of analogue to digital) converter (ADC) bits. Digital matched filters are used in the acquisition of Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals. Automatic gain control (AGC) in the GNSS receivers is used to determine the maximum level of quantization by the ADC. In (Chang, 1982), the quantization degradation for different pre sampling bandwidths and adc bits is analysed in the presence of Additive Gaussian white noise (AGWN). Bandwidths of more than once (or twice) the data bit rate contribute only about 0.4 dB (or (0.2 dB) to the overall degradation of the DMF. Also 2 bit uniform step quantization with optimum ADC threshold setting is shown to recover most of the digital implementation degradation. In this paper by focusing on pre-sampling filter bandwidth equal to the data bit rate and 2 bit ADC, the effect of quantization on the received GNSS signal quality in the presence of continuous wave (CW) radio frequency interference (RFI) is analysed. It is shown that a one bit ADC can have much higher degradation than the 3.5 dB in the AGWN case. It is also shown that the effect of AGC on the quantization degradation has to do with both power and frequency of CW RFI. In the presence of CW RFI, the optimal value for ratio of maximum threshold of ADC to the effective noise RMS is shown to be about 1.35 which is higher than the case when RFI does not exist (0.8).
{"title":"Quantization Degradation of GNSS Signal Quality in the Presence of CW RFI","authors":"A. T. Balaei, A. Dempster, D. Akos","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.15","url":null,"abstract":"In a digital matched filter (DMF) the degradation of signal quality depends on the pre-sampling filter bandwidth and on the number of analogue to digital) converter (ADC) bits. Digital matched filters are used in the acquisition of Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) signals. Automatic gain control (AGC) in the GNSS receivers is used to determine the maximum level of quantization by the ADC. In (Chang, 1982), the quantization degradation for different pre sampling bandwidths and adc bits is analysed in the presence of Additive Gaussian white noise (AGWN). Bandwidths of more than once (or twice) the data bit rate contribute only about 0.4 dB (or (0.2 dB) to the overall degradation of the DMF. Also 2 bit uniform step quantization with optimum ADC threshold setting is shown to recover most of the digital implementation degradation. In this paper by focusing on pre-sampling filter bandwidth equal to the data bit rate and 2 bit ADC, the effect of quantization on the received GNSS signal quality in the presence of continuous wave (CW) radio frequency interference (RFI) is analysed. It is shown that a one bit ADC can have much higher degradation than the 3.5 dB in the AGWN case. It is also shown that the effect of AGC on the quantization degradation has to do with both power and frequency of CW RFI. In the presence of CW RFI, the optimal value for ratio of maximum threshold of ADC to the effective noise RMS is shown to be about 1.35 which is higher than the case when RFI does not exist (0.8).","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117348172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Bastia, C. Palestini, R. Pedone, M. Villanti, G. Corazza
This paper tackles the problem of frame synchronization in the presence of timing and frequency uncertainty. Considering a discretization of the timing uncertainty domain in time slots, and of the frequency uncertainty domain in frequency bins, this novel technique, called staggered time and frequency search, exploits a joint controlled single dwell threshold crossing criterion in both domains. In fact, differently from the conventional techniques, this method does not require any parallelism, but digitally controlling the sampler and the oscillator is in charge to scan different hypotheses in time and frequency until the acquisition is completed. According to the analytical and simulated results shown in this paper, this novel technique can obtain performance that is close to the one that can be achieved with the classical techniques, with complexity and power consumption reduction.
{"title":"Staggered Time and Frequency Search to Aid Frame Synchronization","authors":"F. Bastia, C. Palestini, R. Pedone, M. Villanti, G. Corazza","doi":"10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.88","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISSSTA.2008.88","url":null,"abstract":"This paper tackles the problem of frame synchronization in the presence of timing and frequency uncertainty. Considering a discretization of the timing uncertainty domain in time slots, and of the frequency uncertainty domain in frequency bins, this novel technique, called staggered time and frequency search, exploits a joint controlled single dwell threshold crossing criterion in both domains. In fact, differently from the conventional techniques, this method does not require any parallelism, but digitally controlling the sampler and the oscillator is in charge to scan different hypotheses in time and frequency until the acquisition is completed. According to the analytical and simulated results shown in this paper, this novel technique can obtain performance that is close to the one that can be achieved with the classical techniques, with complexity and power consumption reduction.","PeriodicalId":334589,"journal":{"name":"2008 IEEE 10th International Symposium on Spread Spectrum Techniques and Applications","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116352051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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